Different Effects of Plasma from Patients with Acute on Chronic Liver Failure on the Proliferation and Biotransformation Function of C3A Cells

Objective To investigate the effects of plasma from patients with acute on chronic liver failure on the proliferation and biotransformation function of C3A cells in vitro,and provide experimental data for C3A cells to be efficiently used in the bioartificial liver system.Methods C3A cells were incubated in 100%normal human plasma(NHP)and 100%abnormal plasma(AP)from patients with acute on chronic liver failure.Growth morphology of the two groups were observed under inverted microscope and scanning electron microscope.The method of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)was conducted for the proliferation activities of C3A cells.The cellular apoptosis rates were assessed by the flow cytometer.The biotransformation function of cells was evaluated through diazepam metabolic amount assay.The concentrations of epithelial growth factor(EGF),transforming growth factor-α(TGF-α)and interleukin-1(IL-1)were detected in plasma of the two groups.Results A:The proliferation activities of C3A cells incubated in 100%AP for 24,48,72,96 and 120 hours were significantly higher than that in 100%NHP(P<0.01).B:Observation under the inverted microscope indicated that the cells in 100%AP were growing faster than those in 100%NHP after cells attached to the plastic at24 and 48 hours.The same phenomena was observed under the scanning electronic microscope.C:The C3A cells cultured in both groups of plasma showed the same apoptosis rate at 48 hours and there was no statistical difference.D:The diazepam metabolic value of C3A cells incubated in 100%AP for 24,72 and 120 hours were lower than that in 100%NHP and were statistically different(P<0.01).E:The concentrations of TGF-α,EGF and IL-1 in AP were significantly higher than that in NHP(P<0.01).Conclusions Compared with normal human plasma,the plasma from patients with acute on chronic liver failure has more obvious effect to facilitate the proliferation of C3A cells,but also decreases partial biotransformation function of C3A cells.

Mutational landscape of TP53 and CDH1 in gastric cancer

In this editorial we comment on an article published in a recent issue of the World J Gastrointest Surg.A common gene mutation in gastric cancer(GC)is the TP53 mutation.As a tumor suppressor gene,TP53 is implicated in more than half of all tumor occurrences.TP53 gene mutations in GC tissue may be related with clinical pathological aspects.The TP53 mutation arose late in the progression of GC and aided in the final switch to malignancy.CDH1 encodes E-cadherin,which is involved in cell-to-cell adhesion,epithelial structure maintenance,cell polarity,differentiation,and intracellular signaling pathway modulation.CDH1 mutations and functional loss can result in diffuse GC,and CDH1 mutations can serve as independent prognostic indicators for poor prognosis.GC patients can benefit from genetic counseling and testing for CDH1 mutations.Demethylation therapy may assist to postpone the onset and progression of GC.The investigation of TP53 and CDH1 gene mutations in GC allows for the investigation of the relationship between these two gene mutations,as well as providing some basis for evaluating the prognosis of GC patients.

Decomposition kinetics of carbon-doped FeCoCrNiMn high-entropy alloy at intermediate temperature

Phase decomposition kinetics and the corresponding mechanical properties of the severe cold-rolled(SCRed) carbon-doped(1.3 at.%) equimolar FeCoCrNiMn high-entropy alloy(HEA) after being annealed at 500 ℃ were investigated. This single face-centered cubic(FCC) solid-solution HEA decomposed to M23 C6+L10, B2, and σ in chronological order. The formation kinetics of the L10, B2, and σ phases followed the Johnson-Mehl-AvramiKolmogorov(JMAK) equation. The yield strength of the HEA was 1520 MPa and increased to 1920 MPa after being annealed at 500 ℃ for 1 h, as a result of the formation of nanosized M23 C6 and L10. Both strength and ductility decreased after 2 d of annealing due to the increase of volume fractions and the coarsening of the M23C6 and L10 precipitates. From 4 to 32 d, the hardness was found to increase, which is ascribed to the rapid formation of the B2 and σ phases. From 32 to 64 d, the hardness increased further to finally reach about HV 760, with the FCC matrix almost exhausted to form the M23 C6, L10, B2, and σ phases. The results of this work may serve as a guide for the heat-treatment of carbon-doped HEAs.

Effect of Annealing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Low-Carbon Medium-Manganese Steel Produced by Heavy Warm Rolling

An ultrafine-grained(UFG) low-carbon medium-manganese steel was fabricated by the heavily warm rolling(HWR) and subsequent quenching, and the effects of annealing temperatures on microstructure and mechanical properties of the UFG HWRed steel were investigated. The results show that the HWRed steel exhibits simultaneous improvements in strength,uniform elongation and work hardening, which is mainly attributed to the refinement of martensitic microstructures. The HWRed steels comprise only a-phase when annealing at lower temperatures below to 550 °C and at higher temperatures above to 700 °C. Whereas, UFG c-austenite is formed by reverse transformation when the HWRed steel was annealed at intermediate temperatures from 550 to 700 °C and the volume fraction increases with increasing annealing temperatures,consequently resulting in a dramatic increase in ductility of the annealed HWRed steels. It was found that the transformed UFG austenite and ferrite remained ～500 nm and ～800 nm in size when the HWRed steel was annealed at 650 and700 °C for 1 h, respectively, showing an excellent thermal stability. Moreover, the HWRed steel annealed at 650 °C exhibits high strength-ductility combinations with a yield strength of 906 MPa, ultimate tensile strength(UTS) of1011 MPa, total elongation(TEL) of 51% and product of strength and elongation(PSE: UTS 9 TEL) of 52 GPa%. It is believed that these excellent comprehensive mechanical properties are closely associated with the UFG austenite formation by reverse transformation and principally attributed to the transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP) effect.

Tensile behavior of ultrafine-grained low carbon medium manganese steel by intercritical annealing treatment

The intercritical annealing treatment at 650 and 700 ℃ results in two ultrafine-grained (UFG) dual-phase ferrite-austenitesteels. The two steels exhibit different and special discontinuous yielding and pronounced Lüders-like strain phenomenawith large yielding strain which are related to their retained γ-austenite (RA) volume fractions and RA stabilities. The steelannealed at 650 ℃ shows an absent or very small strain hardening, while the steel annealed at 700 ℃ shows an obviousstrain hardening upward curvature with increasing strain. The results show that before and during straining, the steel annealedat 650 ℃ exhibits a mixture of equiaxed and elongated UFG α-ferrite and austenite phases;however, the steel annealed at700 ℃ exhibits only elongated UFG α and γ phases. It was found that most of the γ-austenite to α′-martensite transformationoccurred at the initial deformation stage and very small or almost no transformation occurred afterward. This demonstratesthat the strain-induced martensite (SIM) transformation (γ-α′) or transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect dominatesonly at the initial deformation stage. RA remained stable, and no TRIP effect was observed at the final deformation stage. Theload-unload-reload test was performed to evaluate the back stress (σb) hardening effect. It is believed that the pronouncedstrain hardening behavior at the later deformation stage is mainly associated with σb enhancement induced by the strainpartitioning between the soft and hard phases due to SIM transformation during tensile deformation.

High cycle rotating bending fatigue performance and fracture behavior in a pearlite-ferrite dual-phase steel

To clarify the effects of ferrite morphologies and contents on high-cycle fatigue property of pearlite-ferrite dual-phase(DP)steel used for fabrication of commercial vehicle crankshafts,two types of DP steels with different ferrite grain sizes(S10:13.1μm and S30:21.4μm)and ferrite contents(S10:~9.5 vol.%and S30:~30.4 vol.%)were prepared.Stress amplitude-logarithm of number of high cycles to failure fatigue of the two DP steels was evaluated.Experimental results showed a fatigue strength of 510 and 400 MPa for S10 and S30 steels,respectively,at 10^(7) cycles.Fatigue cracks in S10 steel extended preferentially along the grain boundary,but it was easy for crack propagation to extend within a pearlite colony to form a zigzag crack morphology.Crack roughness was enhanced and high stress was introduced to the crack surface due to this kind of crack propagation behavior,which has positive effects on slowing down crack propagation.However,the crack propagation in S30 steel mainly occurred inside the soft equiaxed coarse ferrite grain.Analysis revealed that little stress was introduced to the crack surface.These results show that it is possible to improve high cycle fatigue strength of pearlite-ferrite DP steel by appropriately manipulating the volume fraction and microstructure morphology of ferrite phase.