Various configuration types of the foveal avascular zone with related factors in normal Chinese adults with or without myopia assessed by swept-source OCT angiography

·AIM:To describe the morphological characteristics of foveal avascular zone(FAZ)in normal Chinese adults with or without myopia by swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(SS-OCTA)and analyze the possible associated factors.·METHODS:Normal Chinese adults with or without myopia aged between 18 and 60 y were recruited into the study.One eye in each individual was randomly selected for scanning using SS-OCTA.FAZ parameters,central retinal thickness(CRT)and central choroidal thickness(CCT)were then analyzed.Correlations between systemic and ocular variables and FAZ parameters were subsequently evaluated.The subgroup analysis based on refractive error was also carried out.·RESULTS:In total,127 eyes out of 127 normal subjects were finally included in the study(mean age29.5±8.22 y,61 males and 66 females).The pattern of FAZ was variable:round configuration in 28 eyes(22%),quadrilateral configuration in 23 eyes(18%),pentagonal configuration in 20 eyes(16%),oval configuration in 15 eyes(12%),triangular configuration in 6 eyes(5%)and irregular configuration in 35 eyes(28%).The mean area of FAZ was0.37±0.12 mm^(2).Females had a larger FAZ(0.41±0.11 mm^(2)vs0.32±0.11 mm^(2))compared with that of males(P<0.01).All myopic individuals showed smaller FAZ area and perimeter compared with that of normal individuals(P<0.01).There was no obvious correlation between age and FAZ.In the univariate regression analysis,both axial length(AL)and refractive error were significantly related to FAZ parameters.However,only CRT showed negative correlation with FAZ in the multivariate regression analysis.·CONCLUSION:The pattern of FAZ configuration in normal Chinese adults with or without myopia is highly variable.Establishing quantitative parameters of FAZ would not only provide details of macular pathophysiology but could possibly contribute as a biomarker in disease staging.

COVID-19 pandemic impact on ocular trauma in a tertiary hospital

AIM:To analyze the impact of the coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)pandemic on the presentation and characteristics of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in a tertiary hospital in China between 2019 and 2020.METHODS:A retrospective case study was designed to collect information on all cases of ocular trauma in a tertiary hospital from 2019 to 2020 and compare differences in inpatients’data(age,sex,admission vision acuity,type of diagnosis,hospital stays,mechanism of injury and location of injury).RESULTS:The total number of patients admitted to the Ophthalmology Department was 883(mean 73.58±11.25patients per month)in 2019 and 714(59.50±17.92patients per month)in 2020.The injury number of in work was also the most within the four types of location in this two year(42.36%in 2019,43.84%in 2020).The mean hospital stays were 12.66d in 2019 and 10.81d in 2020.The highest incidence of ocular trauma was the middleaged(41-65y)groups in 2019 and 2020.The most common cause of ocular trauma was sharp object in 2019(47.34%)and 2020(47.58%).The mechanical ocular trauma reaches98.98%in 2019 and 99.72%in 2020.CONCLUSION:The number of patients with ocular trauma decreased in 2020,but middle-aged(41-65y)are still high incident groups.Mechanical ocular trauma remains the leading cause of hospitalization for ocular trauma patients and the proportion of patients injured at home increases.It is necessary to arouse social attention and the public’s awareness of eye trauma protection should be strengthened during the pandemic.

阿柏西普和雷珠单抗联合Ahmed引流阀植入术治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的:观察玻璃体腔注射阿柏西普或雷珠单抗联合Ahmed引流阀(AGV)植入术治疗新生血管性青光眼(NVG)的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2018-01/2020-08至我院接受玻璃体腔注射阿柏西普或雷珠单抗联合AGV植入术治疗的NVG闭角型青光眼期患者33例33眼的临床资料,其中阿柏西普组18眼,雷珠单抗组15眼。随访6mo,观察两组患者最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压、新生血管消退及复发、玻璃体腔注射次数及术后并发症等情况,评估手术疗效。结果:两组玻璃体腔首次注药术前与注药术后1wk眼压、BCVA均无差异(P>0.05);AGV植入术后1wk,1、3、6mo眼压、BCVA与玻璃体腔首次注药术前均有差异(P<0.01),但两组间各随访时间点眼压、BCVA均无差异(P>0.05)。随访期间,阿柏西普组平均注药次数(1.61±0.98次)与雷珠单抗组(1.80±0.86次)无差异(P>0.05),且两组间新生血管复发率、术后早期及晚期并发症发生率及手术疗效均无差异(P>0.05)。结论:玻璃体腔注射阿柏西普或雷珠单抗联合AGV植入术是治疗NVG的有效方法,二者临床疗效基本一致。

应用扫频源光学相干断层扫描成像分析后皮质前玻璃体囊袋的形态

目的:应用扫频源光学相干断层扫描成像(SS-OCT)观察并分析后皮质前玻璃体囊袋(PPVP)的形态学特点。方法:前瞻性研究。纳入2019-03/06于河南省立眼科医院行SS-OCT检查发现PPVP的受检者91例138眼。观察PPVP的SS-OCT形态学特点,比较不同性别、年龄、等效球镜受检者的PPVP的宽度和高度的差异。结果:纳入91例138眼中112眼(81.2%)PPVP形态为船形,19眼(13.8%)为椭圆形,7眼(5.1%)为对勾形。99眼(71.7%)PPVP与Martegiani区连通。138眼的PPVP的平均宽度为6248.82±1117.87μm,平均高度为562.12±476.94μm。不同性别受检者的PPVP的平均宽度和高度比较无差异(P>0.05),PPVP的宽度与年龄呈正相关(r=0.32,P<0.01),低度近视组受检者PPVP的高度低于非近视组和中度近视组(P=0.01、0.03)。结论:PPVP多为黄斑前船形液体腔隙,多与玻璃体管(Cloquet管)连通,其宽度与年龄相关,PPVP的存在可能影响PVD的形成与进展。

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间眼外伤流行病学特点分析

目的:分析新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间眼外伤入院者疾病谱变化趋势及流行病学特点。方法:回顾性病例分析。收集郑州大学第一附属医院眼科入院治疗的眼外伤者876例905眼,其中对照组(2019-01/06)545例565眼,研究组(2020-01/06)331例340眼。比较两组患者年龄、性别、受伤地点、受伤原因、居住地、受伤类型等信息。结果:研究组眼外伤住院人数较对照组减少39.3%,对照组和研究组年龄均呈双峰样分布,分别为0~10岁(20.55%,21.45%)和41~50岁(17.98%,19.03%)占比最高,两组年龄分布无差异(P=0.907)。对照组和研究组均以男性为主,占比80.37%,83.69%(P=0.219)。研究组居家受伤比例(28.40%)高于对照组(11.38%)(P<0.001)。研究组机械性眼外伤占比(98.19%)高于对照组(95.60%)(P=0.041),开放性眼外伤占比(85.54%)高于对照组(76.58%)(P=0.001),无光感者占比(18.86%)高于对照组(9.53%)(P<0.001)。结论:新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间,眼外伤住院患者显著减少,机械性眼外伤是主要眼外伤类型,在流行病暴发期间,仍应加强眼外伤的防护意识。

Upregulated inflammatory associated factors and blood-retinal barrier changes in the retina of type 2diabetes mellitus model

AIM： To examine the expression of high mobility group box-1（HMGB-1） and intercellular adhesion molecule-1（ICAM-1） in the retina and the hippocampal tissues; and further to evaluate the association of these two molecules with the alterations of blood-retinal barrier（BRB） and blood-brain barrier（BBB） in a rat model of type 2 diabetes.METHODS： The type-2 diabetes mellitus（DM） model was established with a high-fat and high-glucose diet combined with streptozotocin（STZ）. Sixteen weeks after DM induction, morphological changes of retina and hippocampus were observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining, and alternations of BRB and BBB permeability were measured using Evans blue method. Levels of HMGB-1 and ICAM-1 in retina and hippocampus were detected by Western blot. Serum HMGB-1 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）.RESULTS： A significantly higher serum fasting blood glucose level in DM rats was observed 2wk after STZ injection（P 〈0.01）. The serum levels of fasting insulin,Insulin resistance homeostatic model assessment（IRHOMA）,total cholesterol（TC）, total triglycerides（TG） and low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C） in the DM rats significantly higher than those in the controls（all P 〈0.01）.HMGB-1（0.96±0.03, P 〈0.01） and ICAM-1（0.76±0.12, P 〈0.05） levels in the retina in the DM rats were significantly higher than those in the controls. HMGB-1（0.83±0.13, P 〈0.01） and ICAM-1（1.15 ±0.08, P 〈0.01） levels in the hippocampal tissues in the DM rats were alsosignificantly higher than those in the controls. Sixteen weeks after induction of DM, the BRB permeability to albumin-bound Evans blue dye in the DM rats was significantly higher than that in the controls（P 〈0.01）.However, there was no difference of BBB permeability between the DM rats and controls. When compared to the controls, hematoxylin and eosin staining showed obvious irregularities in the DM rats.CONCLUSION： BRB permeability increases significantly in rats with type-2 DM, which may be associated with the up-regulated retinal expression of HMGB-1 and ICAM-1.

Clinical patterns and characteristics of uveitis in a secondary hospital in southern China

AIM: To investigate the characteristics of uveitis in a secondary hospital in southern China.METHODS: We reviewed all records of patients with uveitis at Hengli Hospital from January 2008 to December2011. Demographic data, past history, ophthalmic examinations and other laboratory tests were analyzed.RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-nine uveitis patients were enrolled in this study, including 134(67.3%) males and 65 females(32.7%) with an average age of 41.0 ±15.1y. The anatomical distribution included103(51.8%) cases of anterior uveitis, followed by panuveitis(65, 32.7%), posterior uveitis(29, 14.6%) and intermediate uveitis(2, 1.0%). Of the 98(49.2%) non-idiopathic cases, there were 10.1% Behcet’s disease,9.5% Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada(VKH) syndrome, 7.5%infectious uveitis, 7.5% traumatic uveitis and 3.5%postoperative uveitis.CONCLUSION: Idiopathic anterior and posterior uveitis,Behcet’s disease, VKH syndrome, infectious uveitis and traumatic uveitis are the most common uveitis entities in a secondary hospital in southern China. Additional measures should be taken to prevent infectious and traumatic uveitis.

Effect of vacuum sealing drainage combined with biological dressings on the angiogenesis and inflammatory response after diabetic foot ulcer wound grafting

Objective: To study the effect of vacuum sealing drainage combined with biological dressings on the angiogenesis and inflammatory response after diabetic foot ulcer wound grafting. Methods: Patients with diabetic foot who were treated in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital between May 2014 and February 2017 were selected and randomly divided into vacuum drainage group and normal control group who received vacuum sealing drainage combined with biological dressings as well as conventional debridement and dressing change to deal with the wound respectively. Before treatment as well as 1 d, 3 d and 5 d after treatment, the wound tissue was collected to determine the expression of angiogenesis molecules, angiogenesis signaling pathway molecules and inflammatory response molecules. Results: 1 d, 3 d and 5 d after treatment, VEGF, VEGFR, CD105, MMP9, PI3K, AKT, cyclinD1, p38MAPK and NF-kB protein expression in wound tissue of vacuum drainage group were significantly higher than those of normal control group while COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression were significantly lower than those of normal control group. Conclusion: Vacuum sealing drainage combined with biological dressings promotes the angiogenesis and inhibits the inflammatory response after diabetic foot ulcer wound grafting.

Correlation of TSG-6 expression with apoptosis and collagen metabolism in pathological scar tissue

Objective: To study the correlation of tumor necrosis factor- stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) expression with apoptosis and collagen metabolism in pathological scar tissue. Methods:Surgically removed pathological scar tissue and the normal skin tissue removed due to extremity trauma in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital between June 2014 and February 2017 were selected to detect the mRNA expression of TSG-6 as well as the protein levels of apoptosis genes and collagen metabolism indexes. Results: TSG-6 mRNA expression as well as Smac, p53, Cyt-C, IGF-1 and bFGF protein levels in pathological scar tissue was significantly lower than those in normal skin tissue while Livin, PCNA, Col-I, Col-III and TGF-β1 protein levels were significantly higher than those in normal skin tissue;Livin, PCNA, Col-I, Col-III and TGF-β1 protein levels in pathological scar tissue with higher TSG-6 expression were lower than those in pathological scar tissue with lower TSG-6 expression while Smac, p53, Cyt-C, IGF-1 and bFGF protein levels were significantly higher than those in pathological scar tissue with lower TSG-6 expression. Conclusion: The low expression of TSG-6 in pathological scar tissue can inhibit apoptosis and promote collagen anabolism to accelerate scar formation.

Shanghai Score： A Prognostic and Adjuvant Treatment-evaluating System Constructed for Chinese Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Resection

Background： For Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, surgical resection is the most important treatment to achieve long-term survival for patients with an early-stage tumor, and yet the prognosis after surgery is diverse. We aimed to construct a scoring system （Shanghai Score） for individualized prognosis estimation and adjuvant treatment evaluation. Methods： A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was constructed based on 4166 HCC patients undergoing resection during 2001-2008 at Zhongshan Hospital. Age, hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B e antigen, partial thromboplastin time, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, y-glutamyltransferase, a-fetoprotein, tumor size, cirrhosis, vascular invasion, differentiation, encapsulation, and tumor number were finally retained by a backward step-down selection process with the Akaike information criterion. The Harrell＇s concordance index （C-index） was used to measure model performance. Shanghai Score is calculated by summing the products of the 14 variable values times each variable＇s corresponding regression coefficient. Totally 1978 patients from Zhongshan Hospital undergoing resection during 2009-2012, 808 patients from Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital during 2008-2010, and 244 patients from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital during 2010-2011 were enrolled as external validation cohorts. Shanghai Score was also implied in evaluating adjuvant treatment choices based on propensity score matching analysis.Results： Shanghai Score showed good calibration and discrimination in postsurgical HCC patients. The bootstrap-corrected C-index （confidence interval [CI]） was 0.74 for overall survival （OS） and 0.68 for recurrence-free survival （RFS） in derivation cohort （4166 patients）, and in the three independent validation cohorts, the CIs for OS ranged 0.70 0.72 and that for RFS ranged 0.63 0.68. Furthermore, Shanghai Score provided evaluation for adjuvant treatment choices （transcatheter arterial chemoembolization or interferon-a）. The identified subset of patients at low risk could be ideal candidates for curative surgery, and subsets of patients at moderate or high risk could be recommended with possible adjuvant therapies after surgery. Finally, a web server with individualized outcome prediction and treatment recommendation was constructed. Conclusions： Based on the largest cohort up to date, we established Shanghai Score - an individualized outcome prediction system specifically designed for Chinese HCC patients after surgery. The Shanghai Score web server provides an easily accessible tool to stratify the prognosis of patients undergoing liver resection for HCC.

Neurochip based on light-addressable potentiometric sensor with wavelet transform de-noising

Neurochip based on light-addressable potentiometric sensor(LAPS),whose sensing elements are excitable cells,can monitor electrophysiological properties of cultured neuron networks with cellular signals well analyzed.Here we report a kind of neurochip with rat pheochromocytoma(PC12) cells hybrid with LAPS and a method of de-noising signals based on wavelet transform.Cells were cultured on LAPS for several days to form networks,and we then used LAPS system to detect the extracellular potentials with signals de-noised according to decomposition in the time-frequency space.The signal was decomposed into various scales,and coefficients were processed based on the properties of each layer.At last,signal was reconstructed based on the new coefficients.The results show that after de-noising,baseline drift is removed and signal-to-noise ratio is increased.It suggests that the neurochip of PC12 cells coupled to LAPS is stable and suitable for long-term and non-invasive measurement of cell electrophysiological properties with wavelet transform,taking advantage of its time-frequency localization analysis to reduce noise.