Oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil hepatic infusion with lipiodolized chemoembolization in large hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To investigate transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) with hepatic infusion of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil and Lipiodol chemoembolization in large hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: In this retrospective study, 132 patients with unresectable HCCs larger than 10 cm were treated with hepatic infusion of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil followed by Lipiodol chemoembolization. The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS). Sixteen-week disease-control rate, time to progression(TTP), and major complications were also studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors affecting OS and TTP.RESULTS: A total of 319 procedures were performed in the 132 patients. Eleven(8.3%) patients received radical resection following TACE treatment(median time to initial TACE 4.3 ± 2.3 mo). The median OS and TTP were 10.3 and 3.0 mo respectively, with a 50.0% 16-wk disease-control rate. Major complications were encountered in 6.0%(8/132) of patients following TACE and included serious jaundice in 1.5%(2/132) patients, aleukia in 1.5%(2/132), and hepatic failure in 3.0%(4/132). One patient died within one month due to serious hepatic failure and severe sepsis after receiving the second TACE. The risk factor associated with TTP was baseline alpha-fetoprotein level, and vascular invasion was an independent factor related to OS.CONCLUSION: Hepatic infusion of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil followed by lipiodolized-chemoembolization is a safe and promising treatment for patients with HCCs larger than 10 cm in diameter.

L4-to-L4 nerve root transfer for hindlimb hemiplegia after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage

There is no effective treatment for hemiplegia after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.Considering that the branches of L4 nerve roots in the lumbar plexus root control the movement of the lower extremity anterior and posterior muscles,we investigated a potential method of nerve repair using the L4 nerve roots.Rat models of hindlimb hemiplegia after a hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were established by injecting autogenous blood into the posterior limb of internal capsule.The L4 nerve root on the healthy side of model rats was transferred and then anastomosed with the L4 nerve root on the affected side to drive the extensor and flexor muscles of the hindlimbs.We investigated whether this method can restore the flexible movement of the hindlimbs of paralyzed rats after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.In a beam-walking test and ladder rung walking task,model rats exhibited an initial high number of slips,but improved in accuracy on the paretic side over time.At 17 weeks after surgery,rats gained approximately 58.2%accuracy from baseline performance and performed ankle motions on the paretic side.At 9 weeks after surgery,a retrograde tracing test showed a large number of fluoro-gold-labeled motoneurons in the left anterior horn of the spinal cord that supports the L4-to-L4 nerve roots.In addition,histological and ultramicrostructural findings showed axon regeneration of motoneurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord.Electromyography and paw print analysis showed that denervated hindlimb muscles regained reliable innervation and walking coordination improved.These findings suggest that the L4-to-L4 nerve root transfer method for the treatment of hindlimb hemiplegia after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage can improve the locomotion of hindlimb major joints,particularly of the distal ankle.Findings from study support that the L4-to-L4 nerve root transfer method can effectively repair the hindlimb hemiplegia after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University(No.IACUC-1906009)in June 2019.

Calibrate complex fracture model for subsurface flow based on Bayesian formulation

In practical development of unconventional reservoirs,fracture networks are a highly conductive transport media for subsurface fluid flow.Therefore,it is crucial to clearly determine the fracture properties used in production forecast.However,it is different to calibrate the properties of fracture networks because it is an inverse problem with multi-patterns and highcomplexity of fracture distribution and inherent defect of multiplicity of solution.In this paper,in order to solve the problem,the complex fracture model is divided into two sub-systems,namely"Pattern A"and"Pattern B."In addition,the generation method is grouped into two categories.Firstly,we construct each sub-system based on the probability density function of the fracture properties.Secondly,we recombine the sub-systems into an integral complex fracture system.Based on the generation mechanism,the estimation of the complex fracture from dynamic performance and observation data can be solved as an inverse problem.In this study,the Bayesian formulation is used to quantify the uncertainty of fracture properties.To minimize observation data misfit immediately as it occurs,we optimize the updated properties by a simultaneous perturbation stochastic algorithm which requires only two measurements of the loss function.In numerical experiments,we firstly visualize that small-scale fractures significantly contribute to the flow simulation.Then,we demonstrate the suitability and effectiveness of the Bayesian formulation for calibrating the complex fracture model in the following simulation.

Study on the Reservoir Water Quality Change Rule in Northern China

Water quality index of reservoir source water were tracked during three years in a north frigid area,the effect on supplied water quality was also studied.Based on the analysis of the monitoring data during the same season,the reservoir source water had typical and seasonal variation characteristics that was divided into four periods including the icebound period,spring period(or peach blossom period),stable period in summer and autumn and winter period.The icebound period was charactered by the typical low temperature and turbidity,pH and oxygen consumption decreased gradually showed that the gradually anaerobic trend existed in the reservoir.In May as the reservoir completely thawed,upstream water inflow and the total pollutant in the reservoir gradually increased,but the bottom of reservoir bottom was stable in the anaerobic state temporarily.The state completely disappeared,various index increased significantly in the middle of July.The water had high chroma characteristics,chroma and turbidity increased significantly in the summer and autumn(7-11months),but stability of water quality was poor because of rainfall.The reservoir gradually froze after the middle of November and the flow of water decreased.The peak of chroma appeared a month later than the water temperature.Due to the water turbidity was low,and the floc was small and light,the conventional water purification process design based on removal of turbidity achieved removal of chroma through a lot dosing of coagulant.

Orthodontic treatment combined with 3D printing guide plate implant restoration for edentulism and its influence on mastication and phonic function

BACKGROUND Dentition defect,a common clinical oral disease developed in humans,not only causes masticatory dysfunction and articulation difficulties but also affects facial appearance and increases the burden on the intestinal tract.Restorative treatment is the primary option for this disease.However,traditional restorations have many drawbacks,such as mismatch with the body,low reliability,and incomplete occlusal function recovery.AIM to analyze the efficacy of orthodontics combined with 3D printing guide plate implant restoration in treating patients with dentition defects and its influence on masticatory and phonic functions.METHODS A prospective study was carried out in 86 patients with dentition defects who received implant prosthesis after orthodontic treatment in our hospital between January 2018 and January 2019.Those patients were divided into a control group and an intervention group with 43 patients in each group using a random number table.The control group received traditional implant restoration,whereas the intervention group received 3D printing guide plate implant restoration.Treatment outcomes,cosmetic appearance,dental function,implant deviation,and quality of life were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The overall response rate in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group(95.35%vs 81.40%,χ^(2)=4.071,P=0.044).The number of cases with neatly trimmed cosmetic appearance(χ^(2)=4.497,P=0.034),complete coverage(χ^(2)=4.170,P=0.041),and normal occlusion(χ^(2)=5.512,P=0.019)in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group.After treatment,mastication,swallowing,and articulation were significantly improved in both groups.Masticatory(t=2.980,P=0.004),swallowing(t=2.199,P=0.031),and phonic functions(t=3.950,P=0.004)were better in the intervention group than those in the control group.The deviation value and the deviation angle(t=5.440,P=0.000)at the top(t=6.320,P=0.000)and middle parts of the implants(t=22.295,P=0.000)in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group after treatment.Functional limitations,psychosocial and physical pain and discomfort,and total scores decreased in both groups.The functional limitation(t=2.379,P=0.020),psychosocial(t=2.420,P=0.000),physical pain and discomfort(t=6.581,P=0.000),and total scores(t=2.140,P=0.035)were lower in the intervention group than those in the control group.CONCLUSION Orthodontic treatment combined with 3D printing guide plate implant restoration can significantly improve the masticatory and phonic functions,quality of life,and psychological health of patients with dentition defects.Therefore,it is highly recommended in clinic application.

Increased aquaporin-1 levels in lens epithelial cells with primary angle-closure glaucoma

AIM： To determine the levels of aquaporin-1（AQP-1） in the lens epithelial cells（LECs） of primary glaucoma and to clarify its correlation with lens thickness.METHODS： This study comprised 64 eyes of 64 patients with primary glaucoma, who were divided into 3 groups： 25 eyes of 25 patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma（APACG）, 19 eyes of 19 patients with chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma（CPACG） and 20 eyes of 20 patients with primary open angle glaucoma（POAG）. This study also included 12 eyes of 12 patients with senile cataract as controls. The levels of AQP-1 in LECs were examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-q PCR） and immunohistochemistry. The lens thickness was measured by A-scan ultrasonography. RESULTS： The AQP-1 m RNA levels of LECs were 0.84±0.27, 0.69±0.34, 0.44±0.19 and 0.51±0.21 in APACG, CPACG, POAG and senile cataract group, respectively. The levels of AQP-1m RNA were significantly higher in PACG groups compared with those in senile cataract and POAG group（all P〈0.05）. The immunohistochemistry showed the AQP-1 expression were strong-positive in PACG groups, but weak-positive in senile cataract and POAG group. A positive correlation was found between AQP-1 m RNA levels and the lens thickness（r=0.645, P〈0.001）. CONCLUSION： These findings show that the higher expression of AQP-1 in LECs may contribute to increased lens thickness, which might be associated with the occurrence and development of PACG.

Effects of neural stem cell transplantation on the motor function of rats with contusion spinal cord injuries:a meta-analysis

Objective:To judge the efficacies of neural stem cell(NSC)transplantation on functional recovery following contusion spinal cord injuries(SCIs).Data sources:Studies in which NSCs were transplanted into a clinically relevant,standardized rat model of contusion SCI were identified by searching the PubMed,Embase and Cochrane databases,and the extracted data were analyzed by Stata 14.0.Data selection:Inclusion criteria were that NSCs were used in in vivo animal studies to treat contusion SCIs and that behavioral assessment of locomotor functional recovery was performed using the Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan lo-comotor rating scale.Exclusion criteria included a follow-up of less than 4 weeks and the lack of control groups.Outcome measures:The restoration of motor function was assessed by the Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale.Results:We identified 1756 non-duplicated papers by searching the aforementioned electronic databases,and 30 full-text articles met the inclusion criteria.A total of 37 studies reported in the 30 articles were included in the meta-analysis.The meta-analysis results showed that transplanted NSCs could improve the motor function recovery of rats following contusion SCIs,to a moderate extent(pooled standardized mean difference(SMD)=0.73;95%confidence interval(CI):0.47–1.00;P<0.001).NSCs obtained from different donor species(rat:SMD=0.74;95%CI:0.36–1.13;human:SMD=0.78;95%CI:0.31–1.25),at different donor ages(fetal:SMD=0.67;95%CI:0.43–0.92;adult:SMD=0.86;95%CI:0.50–1.22)and from different origins(brain-derived:SMD=0.59;95%CI:0.27–0.91;spinal cord-derived:SMD=0.51;95%CI:0.22–0.79)had similar efficacies on improved functional recovery;however,adult induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NSCs showed no significant efficacies.Furthermore,the use of higher doses of transplanted NSCs or the administration of immunosuppressive agents did not promote better locomotor function recovery(SMD=0.45;95%CI:0.21–0.70).However,shorter periods between the contusion induction and the NSC transplantation showed slightly higher efficacies(acute:SMD=1.22;95%CI:0.81–1.63;subacute:SMD=0.75;95%CI:0.42–1.09).For chronic injuries,NSC implantation did not significantly improve functional recovery(SMD=0.25;95%CI:–0.16 to 0.65).Conclusion:NSC transplantation alone appears to be a positive yet limited method for the treatment of contusion SCIs.

食品中汞的人体生物有效性与健康危害

汞(Hg)是一种强效神经毒素,对全球人口构成健康威胁.其中,食用含汞的食品是人类接触汞的一个主要来源.由于汞的生物富集和放大作用,并具有遗传毒性和致癌潜力,因此研究食品中汞污染对人体健康的影响至关重要.本文综述了食品中汞的来源,人体汞的生物有效性/生物可给性,以及汞暴露对人体的毒性效应.结果表明,现有食品汞的研究多围绕海产品、水稻、蘑菇、蔬菜和母乳几个方面,汞的生物有效性/生物可给性与总汞浓度无关,汞/硒比、营养、烹饪方法和食物成分会改变汞的有效态含量;即使在低水平下,汞暴露也会对健康产生较大的负面影响;汞对人体健康的影响主要集中在神经系统、免疫系统和生殖系统等.今后,应广泛探索其他食品中汞的暴露情况,综合考虑不同暴露途径、个体差异等,建立差异化评估模型,实现人体精准风险评估,开发科学有效的食品汞污染监测、阻控、补救措施,以降低膳食汞暴露的人体健康风险.

全共轭聚噻吩类和聚硒吩类嵌段共聚物的凝聚态结构调控

嵌段共聚物可发生微相分离形成丰富的介观尺度上的相结构,而共轭聚合物是一类具有特殊的力学、导电性能或光电功能的半刚性链高分子.全共轭嵌段共聚物因其兼具两者的特性而备受瞩目.本文着重介绍了近年来课题组在基于全共轭聚(3-烷基噻吩)和聚(3-烷基硒吩)嵌段共聚物体系的研究进展,通过改变体系的分子结构包括主侧链结构、侧链的烷基长度及取代基团等以及对体系在溶液状态及薄膜状态进行后处理包括改变溶剂、热处理、溶剂蒸气处理等来调控体系的微相分离行为和结晶行为,实现对材料凝聚态结构的调控.在此基础上,以有机场效应晶体管和聚合物太阳能电池器件作为最终体现聚噻吩或聚硒吩类体系凝聚态结构与性能关系的平台,将获得的调控体系凝聚态结构的有效策略用于实现其半导体材料物理性能的提升.

Photon diffusion in a relativistically expanding sphere

A relativistically expanding sphere exists ill many explosive astrophysical systelns, including gamma ray bursts, neutron star mergers, and some supernovae. In this paper we investigate the photon diffusion process in a relativistically expanding sphere, which is important for understanding the energetic and radiative characters of the above inentioned explosive systenls. The following contents are discussed in the frame work of special relativity： random walks of photons by scattering witti electrons, photospheres, photon diffusion, and the energy flux density emerging from the surface of the expanding sphere. Some of the results are also applicable to the Universe since the Universe is also a spherical expanding system.

机械对称破缺的理论框架及其应用（英文）

目的:为满足各种功能和性能的需求及难以避免的约束和限制条件,形形色色的对称破缺现象普遍存在于各类机械系统、部件和零件之中。但目前国内外均没有对机械对称破缺种类、作用及其应用方法进行系统研究的报道。通过本文,读者能系统地了解对称破缺在机械系统中的存在和作用规律,并能够在机械设计中科学地应用对称破缺,更好地实现和发挥机械的预期功能和效益。创新点:1.创建机械对称破缺的概念和分类体系。2.揭示对称破缺与产品需求之间的关联性,提出应用对称破缺实现机械功能、性能和约束需求的8个设计原理。3.发明一种具有对称破缺特征的链传动结构新方案,且其传动平稳性显著优于现有链传动。方法:1.分析和借鉴生物学、材料结构学和建筑学等多学科中对称破缺的研究和应用成果。2.分析一千多个应用对称破缺的机械实例,并从中提炼和总结对称破缺在机械中的效用和应用规律。3.将归纳出的规律应用于对称破缺创新机械的实践。结论:1.对称破缺普遍存在于机械中,并起着不可或缺的作用。2.通过对大量机械实例中对称破缺所起作用的系统分析能够获取对称破缺作用于机械的规律性知识。3.应用上述规律性知识能实现机械产品的创新。

A new unified theory of electromagnetic and gravitational interactions

In this paper we present a new unified theory of electromagnetic and gravitational interactions. By considering a four-dimensional spacetime as a hypersurface embedded in a five-dimensional bulk spacetime, we derive the complete set of field equations in the four-dimensional spacetime from the five-dimensional Einstein field equation. Besides the Einstein field equation in the four-dimensional spacetime, an electromagnetic field equation is obtained: del F-a(ab) - xi R-b (a)A(a) = -4 pi J(b) with xi = -2, where F-ab is the antisymmetric electromagnetic field tensor defined by the potential vector A(a), R-ab is the Ricci curvature tensor of the hypersurface, and J(a) is the electric current density vector. The electromagnetic field equation differs from the Einstein-Maxwell equation by a curvature-coupled term xi R-b (a)A(a), whose presence addresses the problem of incompatibility of the Einstein-Maxwell equation with a universe containing a uniformly distributed net charge, as discussed in a previous paper by the author [L.-X. Li, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 48, 28 (2016)]. Hence, the new unified theory is physically different from Kaluza-Klein theory and its variants in which the Einstein-Maxwell equation is derived. In the four-dimensional Einstein field equation derived in the new theory, the source term includes the stress-energy tensor of electromagnetic fields as well as the stress-energy tensor of other unidentified matter. Under certain conditions the unidentified matter can be interpreted as a cosmological constant in the four-dimensional spacetime. We argue that, the electromagnetic field equation and hence the unified theory presented in this paper can be tested in an environment with a high mass density, e.g., inside a neutron star or a white dwarf, and in the early epoch of the universe.