Relationship between XRCC1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to prostate cancer in men from Han, Southern China

Aim： To investigate the association among XRCC1 polymorphisms, smoking, drinking and the risk of prostate cancer （PCa） in men from Han, Southern China. Methods： In a case-control study of 207 patients with PCa and 235 cancerfree controls, frequency-matched by age, we genotyped three XRCC1 polymorphisms （codons 194, 280 and 399） using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RELP） method. Results： Among the three polymorphisms, we found that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln variant allele was associated with increased PCa risk （adjusted odd ratio [OR]： 1.67, 95% confident interval [CI]： 1.11-2.51）, but the XRCC1 Arg 194Trp variant allele had a 38% reduction in risk of PCa （adjusted OR： 0.62, 95% CI： 0.41-0.93）. However, there was no significant risk of PCa associated with Arg280His polymorphism. When we evaluated the three polymorphisms together, we found that the individuals with 194Arg/Arg wild-type genotype, Arg280His and Arg399Gln variant genotypes had a significantly higher risk of PCa （adjusted OR： 4.31; 95% CI： 1.24-14.99） than those with three wild-type genotypes. In addition, we found that Arg399Gln variant genotypes had a significant risk of PCa among heavy smokers （adjusted OR： 2.04; 95% CI： 1.03-4.05）. Conclusion： These results suggest that polymorphisms of XRCC1 appear to influence the risk of PCa and may modify risks attributable to environmental exposure.

Increased expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),VEGF-C and VEGF receptor-3 in prostate cancer tissue are associated with tumor progression

Aim： To investigate the differences in microvessel densities （MVD） and the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, VEGF-C and VEGF receptor-3 （VEGFR-3） between prostate cancer （PCa） tissues and adjacent benign tissues, and to explore the correlations among MVD, Jewett-Whitmore staging, Gleason scores and expressions of VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in the progression of PCa. Methods： An immunohistochemical approach was adopted to detect the expressions of CD34, VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in both cancer areas and peripheral benign areas of 71 primary prostatic adenocarcinoma specimens. A statistic analysis was then performed according to the experimental and clinic data. Results： Significantly upregulated expressions of VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 were all found in malignant epithelium/cancer cells compared with adjacent benign epithelium （P 〈 0.01）. Patients in stage D had a significantly higher score than patients in stage A, B or C when comparing the expression of VEGF-C or VEGFR-3 in the tumor area （P 〈 0.01）. In addition, significant correlations were observed between Jewett-Whitmore staging and VEGF-C （rs = 0.738, P 〈 0.01）, clinical staging and VEGFR-3 （rs = 0.410, P 〈 0.01）, VEGF-C and Gleason scores （rs = 0.401, P 〈 0.01）, VEGFR-3 and Gleason scores （rs = 0.581, P 〈 0.001） and MVD and VEGF （rs = 0.492, P 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Increased expressions of VEGF and VEGF-C were closely associ- ated with progression of PCa. The main contribution of increased VEGF expression for PCa progression was to upregulate MVD, which maintained the growth advantage of tumor tissue. However, the chief role of increased expressions of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 was to enhance lymphangiogenesis and provide a main pathway for cancer cells to disseminate. （Asian J Androl 2006 Mar; 8： 169-175）

Detection of the assimilation characteristics of iron ores: Dynamic resistance measurements

Resistance in iron ore undergoes a sharp change of up to several orders of magnitude when the sintered solid phase changes to liquid phase.In view of the insufficiency of existing assimilation detection methods,a timing-of-assimilation reaction is proposed,which was judged by continuously detecting the changes in resistance at the reaction interface.Effects of pole position and additional amounts of iron ore on assimilation reaction timing were investigated.The results showed that the suitable depth of pole groove was about 2 mm,and there was no obvious impact when the distance of the poles changed from 4 to 6 mm,or the amount of iron ore changed from 0.4 to 0.6 g.The temperature of sudden change of resistance in the temperature-resistant image was considered to be the lowest assimilation temperature of iron ore.The accuracy of this resistance method was clarified by X-ray diffraction,optical microscope,and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer(SEM/EDS)analyses.

Pressure assessment in intercavernous embedding of bulboperineal urethra for treatment of urinary incontinence after prostatic operation

Aim: To put forward criteria for the pressure assessment in the operation of intercavernous embedding of bulboper-ineal urethra for the treatment of urinary incontinence after prostatic operation. Methods: A F14 urethral catheter isinserted during the operation and upon suturing the corpora cavernosa centrally, the catheter is slowly pushed in andpulled out in order that the operator feels a certain degree of close-fit resistance. The degree of tightness of the stitches,which regulate the compression pressure, is adjusted in accordance with this close-fit sensation. To further ascertain theadequacy of the force of compression, the bladder is filled with 300 ml physiological saline and observe the appropriate-ness (size and continuity) of the outflow stream when the lower abdomen is depressed with a pressure of 80 - 90 cmH_2O. The operation was given to six patients suffered from urinary incontinence for 20 or more months after prostaticoperation. Results: Five cases achieved complete recovery, while the therapeutic effect of the 6th one was not sat-isfactory . A second stage operation was carried out 3 months later with the addition of one more stitch both proximallyand distally to reinforce the compression force. The condition was improved dramatically. The follow-up period aver-aged 3.5 years. Conclusion; The adequacy of the compression pressure exerted by the juxtaposed corpora cavernosais the key point determining the outcome of the operation. The measures for assessing the compression pressure suggest-ed by the authors are helpful in obtaining the good results of the present paper (6/6 success) as compared with 25/34success in the previous report. (Asian J Androl 2001 Sep; 3: 235 — 237)

Optimization on class of operator equations in the probabilistic case setting

In this paper, we introduce a problem of the optimization of approximate solutions of operator equations in the probabilistic case setting, and prove a general result which connects the relation between the optimal approximation order of operator equations with the asymptotic order of the probabilistic width. Moreover, using this result, we determine the exact orders on the optimal approximate solutions of multivariate Freldholm integral equations of the second kind with the kernels belonging to the multivariate Sobolev class with the mixed derivative in the probabilistic case setting.

Low-temperature oxidation behavior and mechanism of semi-dry desulfurization ash from iron ore sintering flue gas

The low-temperature wet oxidation behavior of semi-dry desulfurization ash from iron ore sintering flue gas in ammonium citrate solution was investigated for efficiently utilizing the low-quality desulfurization ash. The effects of the ammonium citrate concentration, oxidation temperature, solid/liquid ratio, and oxidation time on the wet oxidation behavior of desulfurization ash were studied. Simultaneously, the oxidation mechanism of desulfurization ash was revealed by means of X-ray diffraction, Zeta electric resistance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Under the optimal conditions with ammonium citrate, the oxidation ratio of CaSO_(3) was up to the maximum value (98.49%), while that of CaSO_(3) was only 8.92% without ammonium citrate. Zeta electric resistance and XPS results indicate that the dissolution process of CaSO_(3) could be significantly promoted by complexation derived from the ammonium citrate hydrolysis. As a result, the oxidation process of CaSO_(3) was transformed from particle oxidation to SO_(3)^(2−) ion oxidation, realizing the rapid transformation of desulfurization ash from CaSO_(3) to CaSO_(4) at low temperature. It provides a reference for the application of semi-dry desulfurization ash and contributes to sustainable management for semi-dry desulfurization ash.

Determination method of high-temperature characteristics of iron-ore sintering based on n(Fe2O3)/n(CaO)

The high-temperature characteristics of iron ores play important roles in optimizing ore proportion of sintering,which are tested by using iron-ore fines and analytical reagent CaO as raw materials.Two calculation methods of CaO addition amount based on binary basicity(basicity method)and n(Fe2O3)/n(CaO)(mole ratio method),respectively,were employed to evaluate the liquid phase fluidity(LPF)and the capability of calcium ferrite formation(CCFF)of iron ores.The results show that the rule of LPF of iron ores under the mole ratio method is different from that with basicity method.The LPF measured by basicity method has a linear positive correlation with the SiO2 content,and there is no linear relationship between LPF and Al2O3 content or mass loss on ignition,which are inconsistent with the results of the previous study.And the results of CCFF with low SiO2 content(<3 wt.%)or high SiO2 content(>7 wt.%)based on basicity method cannot reflect the true CCFF.The mole ratio method could successfully solve this problem by reducing the effect of CaO addition amount changes caused by SiO2 content of iron ores.

A promising method to recover spent V_(2)O_(5)-WO_(3)/TiO_(2) catalyst: treatment by vanadium-titanium magnetite sintering process

A large number of spent selective catalytic reduction(SCR)denitration catalysts are produced after the ultra-low emission transformation of coal-fired power plants in China.According to the China’s“Directory of National Hazardous Wastes(Version 2021)”,these spent vanadium-tungsten-titanium catalysts are classified as“HW50”hazardous waste,and their disposal and utilization processes have been strictly controlled.Thus,an effective and low-cost technique was developed to treat and utilize these spent SCR catalysts by the vanadium-titanium magnetite sintering process.Effects of adding spent SCR catalysts on the sintering production process and product quality indexes of sinter were studied.The results showed that adding spent SCR catalysts can improve the sintering granulation and green feed permeability,thereby increasing the productivity and flame front speed.When the addition proportion of spent SCR catalysts is less than 1 wt.%,the performance indexes of the finished sinter are basically equal to those of the finished sinter without adding spent SCR catalysts.Further increasing the proportion of spent SCR catalysts to 2.0 wt.%results in a decrease in product quality indexes,which could be attributed to the increase in perovskite content in the finished sinter.

Low-temperature deNO_(x)performance and mechanism:a novel FeVO_(4)/CeO_(2)catalyst for iron ore sintering flue gas

Developing deNO_(x)catalysts with lower activity temperatures range significantly reduces NH_(3)selective catalytic reduction(SCR)operating costs for low-temperature industrial flue gases.Herein,a novel FeVO_(4)/CeO_(2)catalyst with great low-temperature NH_(3)-SCR and nitrogen selectivity was synthesized using a dipping method.Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,specific surface and porosity analysis,H2 temperature-programmed reduction,NH_(3)temperature-programmed desorption,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and the in situ diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy were used to investigate the catalytic mechanism.An appropriate addition for FeVO_(4)in the catalyst was 5 wt.%from the results,and the active substance content reached the maximum dispersal capacity of the carrier.The NO_(x)conversion exceeded 90%,and the nitrogen selectivity was more than 98%over this catalyst at 200–350℃.The activity was kept at 88%after 7.5 h of reaction at 200℃ for 7.5 h in 35 mg m^(-3)SO_(2)gas.The remarkable deNO_(x)activity,nitrogen selectivity,and sulphur resistance performances are attributed to the low redox temperature,the abundance of medium-strong acid and strong acid sites,the sufficient adsorbed oxygen,and the superior Fe^(2+)content on the surface.The Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism was observed on the FeVO_(4)/CeO_(2)catalyst in the NH_(3)selective catalytic reduction of NO_(x).