目前针对土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)导致产汇流等水文过程(直接水文效应)变化的研究较多,而对于LUCC导致区域气候变化引起的径流变化(间接水文效应)研究却鲜有报道。采用天气预报模式(Weather Research and Forecasting Model,WRF模式)和...目前针对土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)导致产汇流等水文过程(直接水文效应)变化的研究较多,而对于LUCC导致区域气候变化引起的径流变化(间接水文效应)研究却鲜有报道。采用天气预报模式(Weather Research and Forecasting Model,WRF模式)和弹性系数等方法研究了沂河流域1990—2010年LUCC产生的间接水文效应。结果表明:WRF模式对研究区气温具有较好的模拟能力,模拟值与实测值的相关系数较高(0.86—0.97,P<0.001);虽然模式对降水的模拟精度低于气温,但模拟值与实测值之间的相关系数(0.41—0.91)均达到了P<0.05显著性水平。近20年来,研究区LUCC主要是从旱地向建设用地(747.3km^2)和裸地(132.4km^2)转化的过程。LUCC引起2013年1月和10月气温增加了0.2℃,导致7月气温减小了0.2℃,而4月气温基本稳定。LUCC对1月、4月和10月降水变化的影响很弱,而对7月降水变化影响较大,表现在使其减少了23.7mm。弹性分析表明,1960—2013年,流域年均降水和气温变化1%,将引起年径流量分别变化2.4%和1.8%。1990—2010年,LUCC引起2013年沂河流域降水和气温变化使得径流量分别改变了18.4%和1.7%。展开更多
Using the daily precipitation data of 118 meteorological stations in Northwest China from January 1, 1961 to December 31,2010, we analyzed extreme precipitation events from prime precipitation data by applying R-langu...Using the daily precipitation data of 118 meteorological stations in Northwest China from January 1, 1961 to December 31,2010, we analyzed extreme precipitation events from prime precipitation data by applying R-language Climate Index （RClimDex）. The spatial-temporal change characteristics in the past 50 years have been examined using the method of trend analysis, Mann-Kendall and the spatial analysis module of Arcgis9.2. The results show that the spatial distribution of the indices for extreme precipitation in Northwest China is greatly influenced by geographic location, atmospheric circulation and topography, and the spatial difference of extreme precipitation events is very evident, while the indices reduce from the southeast to the northwest except Consecutive Dry Days （CDD）. In Xinjiang region, high values appear in Tianshan Mountains and decrease towards the south and north respectively. In the past 50 years, the temporal variation tendency of the indices for extreme precipitation in Northwest China has a great spatial distinction. It shows that the variation tendency is opposite between the east （decrease） and the west （increase）, and CDD has a decreasing tendency while other indices increase. For each region, it is found that the indices for extreme precipitation in Xinjiang and Qinghai Province shows an increasing trend, and it is remarkable in Tianshan Mountains, the north of Xinjiang and the northeast of Qinghai Province. The temporal variation tendency of the indices for extreme precipitation in Ningxia, Shaanxi and Gansu has a large spatial distinction. The stations which have an increasing tend are mainly found in the north of Ningxia, south of Shaanxi and Hexi Corridor of Gansu. However, the south of Ningxia, north of Shaanxi and Longnan of Gansu Province mainly present a decreasing trend. The temporal variation tendency of the indices for extreme precipitation in Inner Mongolia is not obvious. Overall, the east part of Northwest China has a dry tendency, while the west part has an opposite trend.展开更多
文摘目前针对土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)导致产汇流等水文过程(直接水文效应)变化的研究较多,而对于LUCC导致区域气候变化引起的径流变化(间接水文效应)研究却鲜有报道。采用天气预报模式(Weather Research and Forecasting Model,WRF模式)和弹性系数等方法研究了沂河流域1990—2010年LUCC产生的间接水文效应。结果表明:WRF模式对研究区气温具有较好的模拟能力,模拟值与实测值的相关系数较高(0.86—0.97,P<0.001);虽然模式对降水的模拟精度低于气温,但模拟值与实测值之间的相关系数(0.41—0.91)均达到了P<0.05显著性水平。近20年来,研究区LUCC主要是从旱地向建设用地(747.3km^2)和裸地(132.4km^2)转化的过程。LUCC引起2013年1月和10月气温增加了0.2℃,导致7月气温减小了0.2℃,而4月气温基本稳定。LUCC对1月、4月和10月降水变化的影响很弱,而对7月降水变化影响较大,表现在使其减少了23.7mm。弹性分析表明,1960—2013年,流域年均降水和气温变化1%,将引起年径流量分别变化2.4%和1.8%。1990—2010年,LUCC引起2013年沂河流域降水和气温变化使得径流量分别改变了18.4%和1.7%。
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2010DM011)
文摘Using the daily precipitation data of 118 meteorological stations in Northwest China from January 1, 1961 to December 31,2010, we analyzed extreme precipitation events from prime precipitation data by applying R-language Climate Index （RClimDex）. The spatial-temporal change characteristics in the past 50 years have been examined using the method of trend analysis, Mann-Kendall and the spatial analysis module of Arcgis9.2. The results show that the spatial distribution of the indices for extreme precipitation in Northwest China is greatly influenced by geographic location, atmospheric circulation and topography, and the spatial difference of extreme precipitation events is very evident, while the indices reduce from the southeast to the northwest except Consecutive Dry Days （CDD）. In Xinjiang region, high values appear in Tianshan Mountains and decrease towards the south and north respectively. In the past 50 years, the temporal variation tendency of the indices for extreme precipitation in Northwest China has a great spatial distinction. It shows that the variation tendency is opposite between the east （decrease） and the west （increase）, and CDD has a decreasing tendency while other indices increase. For each region, it is found that the indices for extreme precipitation in Xinjiang and Qinghai Province shows an increasing trend, and it is remarkable in Tianshan Mountains, the north of Xinjiang and the northeast of Qinghai Province. The temporal variation tendency of the indices for extreme precipitation in Ningxia, Shaanxi and Gansu has a large spatial distinction. The stations which have an increasing tend are mainly found in the north of Ningxia, south of Shaanxi and Hexi Corridor of Gansu. However, the south of Ningxia, north of Shaanxi and Longnan of Gansu Province mainly present a decreasing trend. The temporal variation tendency of the indices for extreme precipitation in Inner Mongolia is not obvious. Overall, the east part of Northwest China has a dry tendency, while the west part has an opposite trend.
