Acid-rock reaction kinetics in a two-scale model based on reaction order correction

The reaction order plays a crucial role in evaluating the response rate of acid-rock.However,the conventional two-scale model typically assumes that the reaction order is constant as one,which can lead to significant deviations from reality.To address this issue,this study proposes a novel multi-order dynamic model for acid-rock reaction by combining rotating disk experimental data with theoretical derivation.Through numerical simulations,this model allows for the investigation of the impact of acidification conditions on different orders of reaction,thereby providing valuable insights for on-site construction.The analysis reveals that higher response orders require higher optimal acid liquid flow rates,and lower optimal H+diffusion coefficients,and demonstrate no significant correlation with acid concentration.Consequently,it is recommended to increase the displacement and use high-viscosity acid for reservoirs with high calcite content,while reducing the displacement and using low-viscosity acid for reservoirs with high dolomite content.

肌纤维E_(2)信号促进小鼠急性损伤骨骼肌内的巨噬细胞胞葬

目的探究骨骼肌E_(2)信号对Cardiotoxin(CTX)诱导的小鼠急性损伤骨骼肌内巨噬细胞胞葬作用的影响。方法选择野生C57BL/6雌鼠150只、C57BL/6雄鼠33只,对一部分雌鼠进行卵巢去势(OVX)操作。CTX胫骨前肌注射诱导小鼠急性肌损伤,后给予β-雌二醇(β-Estradiol)、4-他莫昔芬(4-OHT)等试剂肌注,分为Control(Female)组、Male组、Control+β-Estradiol组、Control+4-OHT组、OVX组、OVX+β-Estradiol组。采用ELISA法比较各组小鼠损伤肌内血清中E_(2)表达。采用免疫荧光、流式细胞术等方法比较损伤肌内炎性渗出巨噬细胞数量、表型、胞葬作用与肌再生修复的差异。紫外照射法体外诱导细胞凋亡。体外分化培养C2C12细胞,分化为成熟肌管后,将之于炎性环境中与巨噬细胞、凋亡细胞共培养,且给予β-Estradiol、4-OHT等处理,主要分为Control(C2C12+HS+Mac+ACs)组、C2C12+HS+IFN-γ+Mac+ACs组、C2C12+HS+IFN-γ+β-Estradiol+Mac+ACs组、C2C12+HS+IFN-γ+4-OHT+Mac+ACs组、C2C12+HS+IFN-γ+β-Estradiol+4-OHT+Mac+ACs组。采用免疫荧光、流式细胞术等方法比较各组巨噬细胞胞葬作用的差异。结果较之于Control组,OVX鼠损伤肌内炎性单核巨噬细胞渗出增加,M1细胞比例增加(P<0.05),但M2细胞比例、胞葬作用下调(P<0.05),肌纤维再生修复延迟。体外炎性环境中,β-Estradiol共培养体系中的M2巨噬细胞数目、巨噬细胞胞葬较之于Control组均上调(P<0.05),而4-OHT组的趋势则相反(P<0.05)。结论骨骼肌纤维E_(2)信号通过促使损伤肌内M1向M2的转变,以促进损伤肌内巨噬细胞胞葬作用,继而促进炎症撤退与肌再生修复。

A Novel Fracturing Fluid with High-Temperature Resistance for Ultra-Deep Reservoirs

Ultra-deep reservoirs play an important role at present in fossil energy exploitation.Due to the related high temperature,high pressure,and high formation fracture pressure,however,methods for oil well stimulation do not produce satisfactory results when conventional fracturing fluids with a low pumping rate are used.In response to the above problem,a fracturing fluid with a density of 1.2~1.4 g/cm^(3)was developed by using Potassium formatted,hydroxypropyl guanidine gum and zirconium crosslinking agents.The fracturing fluid was tested and its ability to maintain a viscosity of 100 mPa.s over more than 60 min was verified under a shear rate of 1701/s and at a temperature of 175℃.This fluid has good sand-carrying performances,a low viscosity after breaking the rubber,and the residue content is less than 200 mg/L.Compared with ordinary reconstruction fluid,it can increase the density by 30%~40%and reduce the wellhead pressure of 8000 m level reconstruction wells.Moreover,the new fracturing fluid can significantly mitigate safety risks.

曲古抑菌素A预处理对小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤皮质炎症反应和凋亡的影响

目的探讨曲古抑菌素A预处理在小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤中对大脑皮质炎症反应和凋亡的影响。方法Balb/c小鼠随机分为3组:假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)、曲古抑菌素A预处理组(预处理组),每组10只。采用颈部切口大脑中动脉线栓(MCAO)法缺血1 h,再灌注24 h复制脑缺血再灌注模型,预处理组在复制脑缺血再灌注模型前连续3 d腹腔注射曲古抑菌素A 5 mg/kg。取脑皮质组织,光学显微镜下观察病理学结果,ELISA检测TNF-α、IL-1β,免疫组织化学法检测Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase-3,TUNEL检测细胞凋亡。结果3组TNF-α、IL-1β、Bax、Bcl-2及Caspase-3比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。与S组比较,IR组病理学损伤严重,TNF-α、IL-1β、Bax、Caspase-3阳性表达水平升高,Bcl-2降低(P <0.05);与IR组比较,预处理组病理学损伤减轻,TNF-α、IL-1β、Bax、Caspase-3阳性表达水平降低,Bcl-2升高(P <0.05)。结论曲古抑菌素A预处理能抑制炎症因子、凋亡因子的表达及减少细胞凋亡,从而减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤。

水环境下聚合物摩擦学性能研究进展

涉水环境下金属材料面临着严峻的腐蚀、磨损以及两者交互作用的问题,因此金属材料的应用受到了限制,而聚合物材料的应用可有效地改善这些问题。文中通过文献调研阐述了典型聚合物材料在水环境中的吸水机理,分析了水环境下改性聚合物的摩擦磨损特点,提出了聚合物用作涉水滑动摩擦副材料时需要注意的主要问题,结合现有基础为水环境中聚合物材料的开发和应用进行了展望。

Lycium barbarum polysaccharides protects retinal ganglion cells against oxidative stress injury

The accumulation of excessive reactive oxygen species can exacerbate any injury of retinal tissue because free radicals can trigger lipid peroxidation,protein damage and DNA fragmentation.Increased oxidative stress is associated with the common pathological process of many eye diseases,such as glaucoma,diabetic retinopathy and ischemic optic neuropathy.Many studies have demonstrated that Lycium barbarum polysaccharides(LBP)protects against oxidative injury in numerous cells and tissues.For the model of hypoxia we used cultured retinal ganglion cells and induced hypoxia by incubating with 200μM cobalt chloride(CoCl2)for 24 hours.To investigate the protective effect of LBP and its mechanism of action against oxidative stress injury,the retinal tissue was pretreated with 0.5 mg/mL LBP for 24 hours.The results of flow cytometric analysis showed LBP could effectively reduce the CoCl2-induced retinal ganglion cell apoptosis,inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species and the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential.These findings suggested that LBP could protect retinal ganglion cells from CoCl2-induced apoptosis by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species.

拒绝敏感性的心理机制及其干预策略

拒绝敏感性是指人对社交拒绝的焦虑性预期和过度反应倾向。研究表明,拒绝敏感性与社交焦虑、抑郁倾向、低自尊、攻击性等心理健康变量之间存在关联,并受到个体早期经历、父母养育方式和社会阶层等因素的影响。通过改善人际质量、提高情绪调节能力和调整认知模式,可以降低个体的拒绝敏感性。对国内近二十年的相关研究进行全面梳理,并对未来的研究方向进行展望。

BIS Monitoring on Intraoperative Awareness： A Meta-analysis

Intraoperative awareness is a very serious complication of general anesthesia. Several studies have evaluated the potential association between bispectral index （BIS） and intraoperative awareness, however, the results obtained were controversial. Therefore, we performed a metaanalysis to further assess the association between the BIS monitoring and the incidence of intraoperative awareness. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all eligible studies from the online literature databases published prior to Feb. 2017. A total of five studies with 17 432 cases and 16 749 controls were included. An odds ratio （OR） and a 95% confidence interval （CI） were calculated to examine the strength of the association. The results showed that in the overall analysis, the association between the BIS monitoring and the incidence of intraoperative awareness was not significant （OR=0.58, 95% CI= 0.22-1.58, P=0.29）. A stratified analysis by comparing different anesthesia methods revealed that BIS monitoring group showed a lower incidence of intraoperative awareness in patients with intravenous anesthesia when compared with non-BIS monitoring group （OR=0.20, 95% CI=0.08-0.49, P=-0.0004）, whereas there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of intraoperative awareness between BIS and non-BIS monitoring groups in patients with inhalation anesthesia （OR=1. 13, 95% CI=0.56- 2.26, P=-0.73）. In conclusion, our meta-analysis showed that BIS monitoring had no appreciable advantage in the reduction of the intraoperative awareness incidence in inhalation anesthesia, while showed a remarkable superiority in intravenous anesthesia.

Gravity observations along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and an application to the Lushan MS 7.0 earthquake

This paper introduces relative and absolute gravity change observations in the eastern portion of the Tibetan Plateau. We analyze and discuss a change that occurred in 2010 in the gravity along the eastern margin of the plateau and the relationship between this change and the 2013 Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake. Our results show that： （1） before the Lushan MsT.0 earthquake, gravity anomalies along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau changed drastically. The Lushan earthquake occurred at the bend of the high gradient zone of gravity var- iation along the southern edge of the Longmenshan fault zone. （2） The 2013 Lushan earthquake occurred less than 100 km away from the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Lushan and Wenchuan are located at the center of a four- quadrant section with different gravity anomalies, which may suggest that restoration after the Wenchuan earthquake may have played a role in causing the Lushan earthquake. （3） A medium-term prediction based on changes in gravity anoma- lies was made before the Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake, in par- ticular, a prediction of epicenter location.

The Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β pathway participates in the neuroprotective effect of interleukin-4 against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Interleukin-4(IL-4) has a protective effect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Animal experiments have shown that IL-4 improves the short-and long-term prognosis of neurological function. The Akt(also called protein kinase B, PKB)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β(Akt/GSK-3β) signaling pathway is involved in oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, it is not yet clear whether the Akt/GSK-3β pathway participates in the neuroprotective effect of IL-4 against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. In the present study, we established a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion mouse model by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 60 minutes followed by a 24-hour reperfusion. An IL-4/anti-IL-4 complex(10 μg) was intraperitoneally administered 30 minutes before surgery. We found that administration of IL-4 significantly alleviated the neurological deficits, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and autophagy and reduced infarct volume of the mice with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury 24 hours after reperfusion. Simultaneously, IL-4 activated Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. However, an Akt inhibitor LY294002, which was injected at 15 nmol/kg via the tail vein, attenuated the protective effects of IL-4. These findings indicate that IL-4 has a protective effect on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by mitigating oxidative stress, reducing apoptosis, and inhibiting excessive autophagy, and that this mechanism may be related to activation of the Akt/GSK-3β pathway. This animal study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China(approval No. WDRY2017-K037) on March 9, 2017.

Atsttrin reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway

Progranulin is closely related to neuronal survival in a neuroinflammatory mouse model and attenuates inflammatory reactions. Atsttrin is an engineered protein composed of three progranulin fragments and has been shown to have an effect similar to that of progranulin. Atsttrin has anti-inflammatory actions in multiple arthritis mouse models, and it protects against further arthritis development. However, whether Atsttrin has a role in neuroinflammation remains to be elucidated. In this study, we produced a neuroinflammatory mouse model by intracerebroventricular injection of 1 μL lipopolysaccharide(10 μg/μL). Atsttrin(2.5 mg/kg) was administered via intraperitoneal injection every 3 days over a period of 7 days before intracerebroventricular injection of 1 μL lipopolysaccharide(10 μg/μL). In addition, astrocyte cultures were treated with 0, 100 or 300 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide, with 200 ng/mL Atsttrin simultaneously. Immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were performed to examine the protein and mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators and to assess activation of the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Progranulin expression in the brain of wild-type mice and in astrocyte cultures was increased after lipopolysaccharide administration. The protein and mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and inducible nitric oxide synthase were increased in the brain of progranulin knockout mice after lipopolysaccharide administration. Atsttrin treatment reduced the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in the protein and mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, matrix metalloproteinase-3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the brain of progranulin knockout mice. Atsttrin also reduced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and matrix metalloproteinase 3 mRNA in lipopolysaccharide-treated astrocytes in vitro, and decreased the concentration of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β in the supernatant. Furthermore, Atsttrin significantly reduced the levels of phospho-nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor α in the brain of lipopolysaccharide-treated progranulin knockout mice and astrocytes, and it decreased the expression of nuclear factor kappa B2 in astrocytes. Collectively, our findings show that the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of Atsttrin involves inhibiton of the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway, and they suggest that Atsttrin may have clinical potential in neuroinflammatory therapy.

The association of lumican polymorphisms and high myopia in a Southern Chinese population

AIM：To investigate the correlation between lumican（LUM）gene and high myopia in a Southern Chinese population.METHODS：The study comprised of 95 high myopia patients with a spherical equivalent≤-6.5 diopters（D）.The control group recruited 95 individuals with a spherical equivalent ranging from-0.5 D to＋0.5 D.Direct sequencing was used to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs）of LUM gene in coding region.Genotype distributions were tested for Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium.Genotypic and allelic frequencies were analyzed through Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test.RESULTS：We identified 3 SNPs of the LUM gene：LUM c.32（rs577456426）,LUM c.507（rs17853500）and LUM c.849（rs181915277）.Among the three SNPs,the genotype and allele frequencies of rs17853500 showed a significant difference between patients and control subjects（P〈0.05）.However,there were no significant differences in rs181915277and rs577456426 between the two groups（P〉0.05）.CONCLUSION：LUM c.507 polymorphism may be a risk factor for the pathogenesis of high myopia in the Southern Chinese population.

Resveratrol elongates the lifespan and improves antioxidant activity in the silkworm Bombyx mori

A number of research has shown that the plant polyphenol resveratrol,one of the most prominent small molecules,has beneficial protective effects in multiple organisms,including worms,flies,and killifish.To understand the effects of resveratrol on lifespan,we evaluated its effects in the silkworm Bombyx mori.In this study,we found that lifespan was significantly prolonged in both female and male silkworms treated with resveratrol.Silkworm larval weight was significantly increased from day 3 of the 5th larval instar(L5D3)to day 7 of the 5th larval instar(L5D7).However,the weight of the pupa,cocoon,and total cocoon was not significantly different in female silkworms with resveratrol treatment than that in controls.Meanwhile,resveratrol significantly improved the thermotolerance of the silkworms,which enhanced their survival rate.Moreover,antioxidant activity was increased by resveratrol in both female and male silkworms.Furthermore,an antioxidant-related signalling pathway,SIRT7-FoxO-GST,was activated in silkworms with resveratrol treatment.Collectively,these results help us to understand the molecular pathways underlying resveratrol induced pro-longevity effects and indicate that silkworm is a promising animal model for evaluating the effects of lifespan-extending drugs.

正常组织并发症概率模型预测食管癌患者行同步放化疗时发生中-重度急性放射性食管炎的效能

目的探讨正常组织并发症概率(NTCP)模型预测食管癌患者行同步放化疗时发生中-重度急性放射性食管炎的效能。方法纳入71例食管癌患者,均给予紫杉醇联合顺铂化疗,并行同步放疗。收集放疗相关数据,获取剂量体积直方图(DVH)参数并输入NTCP模型,使用最大似然估计算法拟合参数。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析中-重度急性放射性食管炎发生的影响因素,并使用受试者工作特征曲线评价相关参数预测中-重度急性放射性食管炎的效能。结果NTCP、双肺受照射量≥50 Gy的体积(V50)和55 Gy剂量照射的环周食管长度(LETT55)是中-重度急性放射性食管炎发生的影响因素(均P<0.05)。NTCP模型预测中-重度急性放射性食管炎的曲线下面积达0.860,均大于V50和LETT55(均P<0.05)。结论与V50、LETT55等物理参数相比,NTCP模型能更好地利用DVH信息,对行同步放化疗的食管癌患者发生急性放射性食管炎的预测价值更高。

Postoperative chemotherapy with S-1 plus oxaliplatin versus S-1alone in locally advanced gastric cancer(RESCUE-GC study): a protocol for a phase Ⅲ randomized controlled trial

Background： The ACTS-GC study had shown postoperative adiuvant therapy with S-1 improved survival of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Addition of oxaliplatin to S-1 is considered to be acceptable as one of the treatment options for gastric cancer patients after radical gastrectomy with D2 lymph node excision. Methods： We have commenced a randomized phase III trial in December 2016 to evaluate S-I plus oxaliplatin compared with S-1 alone in the adjuvant setting for locally advanced gastric cancer. A total of 564 patients will be accrued from 13 Chinese institutions in two years. The primary endpoint is 3-year relapse-free survival. The secondary endpoints are 5-year overall survival, proportion of patients who complete the postoperative chemotherapy and incidence of adverse events. Ethic and dissemination： The trial has been approved by the institutional review board of each participating institution and it was activated on December, 2016. The enrollment will be finished in December, 2018. Patient＇s follow-up will be ended until December, 2023. Trial registration： ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier： NCT02867839. Registered on August 4, 2016.

Aberrant seed development in Litchi chinensis is associated with the impaired expression of cell wall invertase genes

Cell wall invertase(CWIN)are known to play important roles in seed development.However,most reports to date have focused on a single gene family member,and have mainly investigated CWIN functions during the filling stage of seed development.In this study,we found significant lower levels of CWIN protein and activity associated with seed abortion in the Litchi chinensis cultivar“Nuomici.”We identified five litchi CWIN genes and observed that the expression of LcCWIN5 was limited to the flower tissues and decreased sharply with fruit development.Silencing of LcCWIN5 expression before 28 DAA(cell division stage)resulted in perturbed liquid endosperm development,smaller seeds,and higher seed abortion rate,while silencing after 28 DAA(filling stage)had no effect on seed development.In contrast,LcCWIN2 was mostly expressed in the funicle and seed coat,and increased with fruit development.Decreased LcCWIN2 expression and CWIN activity during early seed filling coincided with smaller seeds in the cultivar“Feizixiao.”Silencing of LcCWIN2 caused a reduction in the seed size without inducing seed abortion.We propose that CWIN activity in seed maternal tissues during cell division stage is likely due to LcCWIN5 expression,which regulates early seed development.On the other hand,CWIN activity during the filling stage is due to the expression of LcCWIN2,which may promote carbon import by creating a sucrose gradient.Comparable LcCWIN5 expression,but much lower CWIN activity,detected in the funicle of“Nuomici”is consistent with post-translational regulation.

Comparison of trabeculectomy and trabeculectomy with amniotic membrane transplantation in the same patient with bilateral glaucoma

AIM:To observe effects of trabeculectomy with amniotic membrane transplantation(AMT) in controlling postoperative intraocular pressure(IOP) in patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma.·METHODS:This study included adult patients with requiring bilateral glaucoma surgery.Each patient underwent trabeculectomy(Non-AMT group) in one eye and with AMT(AMT group) in the other eye according to randomized principle.Success was defined as intraocular pressure(IOP) 【21mmHg without any anti-glaucoma medications at 24 months follow-up.The two groups were compared in terms of IOP,complications and success rate.·RESULTS:Thirty-four eyes of 17 patients were investigated in this study.There was no statistically signifcant difference in pre-operative IOP between the two groups.The mean IOP was lower in AMT group compared with Non-AMT group on follow up months 12,18,and 24.Postoperative complications were more frequent in Non-AMT group(35.3%,6/17) compared with AMT group(5.9%,1/17).The success rate of surgery was88.2%(15/17) in Non-AMT group and 100%(17/17) in AMT group.·CONCLUSION:Trabeculectomy with AMT is an effective procedure to reduce IOP and complications,thereby improving surgical success rates.

Mean Residence Time of CO2 Molecules in Flexible ZIF-8 Cages Explored by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

The adsorption sites and diffusion mechanism of CO2 molecules in the flexible Zn（MeIM）2 （MeIM=2-methylimidazole） （ZIF-8） have been investigated by grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. A reasonable time correlation function is for the first time constructed to explore the mean residence time of CO2 molecules in the ZIF-8 cages, suggesting that C02 molecules can remain in the same cage for up to several tens of picoseconds. Furthermore, we find that the mean residence time almost linearly increases with the increasing pressure （or loading） at 273 and 298 K.

The role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in brain injury induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model of diabetes mellitus

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury can lead to severe brain injury.Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta is known to be involved in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and diabetes mellitus.However,the precise role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced brain injury is unclear.In this study,we observed the effects of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta on brain injury induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats.Rat models of diabetes mellitus were generated via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.Models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury were generated by occluding the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery.Post-conditioning comprised three cycles of ischemia/reperfusion.Immunohistochemical staining and western blot assays demonstrated that after 48 hours of reperfusion,the structure of the brain was seriously damaged in the experimental rats compared with normal controls.Expression of Bax,interleukin-6,interleukin-8,terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d UTP nick end labeling,and cleaved caspase-3 in the brain was significantly increased,while expression of Bcl-2,interleukin-10,and phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta was decreased.Diabetes mellitus can aggravate inflammatory reactions and apoptosis.Ischemic post-conditioning with glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inhibitor lithium chloride can effectively reverse these changes.Our results showed that myocardial ischemic post-conditioning attenuated myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced brain injury by activating glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta.According to these results,glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta appears to be an important factor in brain injury induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Strategies to improve the effect of mesenchymal stem cell therapy on inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis and is an idiopathic,chronic inflammatory disease of the colonic mucosa.The occurrence of IBD,causes irreversible damage to the colon and increases the risk of carcinoma.The routine clinical treatment of IBD includes drug treatment,endoscopic treatment and surgery.The vast majority of patients are treated with drugs and biological agents,but the complete cure of IBD is difficult.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have become a new type of cell therapy for the treatment of IBD due to their immunomodulatory and nutritional functions,which have been confirmed in many clinical trials.This review discusses some potential mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of IBD,summarizes the experimental results,and provides new insights to enhance the therapeutic effects of MSCs in future applications.