In this paper, we investigate the self-encoded multirate and the multimedia (SEMM) transmission. In SEMM system, the spreading codes are derived from its own previously transmitted bits rather than the pseudorandom co...In this paper, we investigate the self-encoded multirate and the multimedia (SEMM) transmission. In SEMM system, the spreading codes are derived from its own previously transmitted bits rather than the pseudorandom code generator. We employ block chip interleaving at the transmitter to combat the deep fading over the channels. At the receiver, decorrelation scheme separates the combined signals not only to reduce the crosstalk between different applications, but also provide a better estimation for the despreading sequence. Interference cancelation (IC) is also adopted to improve both the correlation detection and iterative detection (ID) performance. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves performance over fading channels.展开更多
The brain plays a critical role in controlling reproduction through the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal(HPG)axis in vertebrates.Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)has become an economically important marine fish in Europe and...The brain plays a critical role in controlling reproduction through the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal(HPG)axis in vertebrates.Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)has become an economically important marine fish in Europe and North China.Previous research investigating turbot reproduction has focused on the role of the HPG axis in regulating egg and sperm production.However,the morphology and histology of the organs in the HPG axis have not been studied.In this study,we investigated the morphology and histology of brains in female and male turbot at different stages of gonadal development.The results showed that the brains of both female and male turbot were composed of seven parts that are typical of advanced teleosts:the telencephalon,diencephalon,cerebellum,hypothalamus,pituitary gland,myelencephalon,and olfactory bulbs.The telencephalon was well-developed and contained five distinct lobes,with the contiguous diencephalon at the caudal portion.The torus longitudinales and rostral torus semicircularis of the mesencephalon flattened along the dorsal surface,and the rostral corpus cerebellum was located in the dorsal portion.The actual total brain volume in mature males was significantly greater(p<0.05)than that of females with gonadal development.Notably,the pituitary volume in male turbot significantly increased(p<0.05)from immature to mature stage,but this difference did not occur in females.The data together illustrate a distinct sex difference in the turbot brain during gonadal development,providing insight into their HPG axes.展开更多
Acidic digestion is an important digestive process of marine fish.In fish stomach,two enzymes are involved in the secretion of hydrochloric acid(HCl)and proteomic digestion:H^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase and pepsinogen.However,th...Acidic digestion is an important digestive process of marine fish.In fish stomach,two enzymes are involved in the secretion of hydrochloric acid(HCl)and proteomic digestion:H^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase and pepsinogen.However,the starting of digestive function in fish is still unclear.To reveal the details of acidic digestion of turbot Scophthalmus maximus in early development,a 40 day of turbot larvae culture was conducted.The H^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase gene from the turbot S.maximus(smH^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase)was identified and characterized.Based on our previous discription on pepsinogen of turbot S.maximus,we combined pepsinogen and H^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase and analyzed the mechanism of acidic digestion in turbot.Results show that the spatial and temporal expression profiles of H^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase agreed with pepsinogen A and C in turbot,indicating a synergetic action between H^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase and pepsinogen during the acidic digestion process.In addition,the turbot juveniles showed a faster growth after the expressions of H^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase gene and pepsinogen gene,demonstrating that pepsin had a higher digestive efficiency,for which a compound diet should be provided to the fish from Day 22 onward.This study provided a reference for biology research and aquaculture of turbot and other marine fishes.展开更多
Dissolved oxygen(DO)is one of most important factors which affect wide range physiologic features of including immune responses and intestinal bacterial community.However,the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic.To ...Dissolved oxygen(DO)is one of most important factors which affect wide range physiologic features of including immune responses and intestinal bacterial community.However,the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic.To address this question,the intestinal bacterial community compositions and the immune features of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)grown in recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS)were characterized.Fish were reared under different DO saturation levels,e.g.,200% saturation named high group(H),100%saturation named control group(CK),and 60%saturation named lower group(L).Large variations in the operational taxonomic units(OTUs)frequency distribution for the intestinal bacterial community of Atlantic salmon were observed.The intestinal bacterial community of all groups was dominated mainly by three phyla,e.g.,Proteobacteria.Firmicutes,and Bacteroidetes.Interestingly,Acinetobacter baumannii,an opportunistic pathogen of salmon was increased significantly in L group.We further monitored the immunity features of fish under different DO levels.The results show that leucocyte number,cortisol level,the expressions of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain like protein 2(NOD2)were higher at significant levels in the L group than those in the other two groups.TLR4 and NOD2 are usually related with the bacterial infections;therefore,it is reasonable to believe that the stronger immune responses observed in the L group might be related with the higher abundance of A.baumannii in the inte stine of Atlantic salmon.Overall,these findings demonstrated that low DO level may induce stronger immunity responses in Atlantic salmon.展开更多
目的探讨降糖舒胶囊联合利格列汀治疗2型糖尿病的临床效果。方法选取2017年1月—2019年1月镇平县人民医院收治的2型糖尿病患者106例,随机分成对照组(53例)和治疗组(53例)。对照组患者晨服利格列汀片,5 mg/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组基础...目的探讨降糖舒胶囊联合利格列汀治疗2型糖尿病的临床效果。方法选取2017年1月—2019年1月镇平县人民医院收治的2型糖尿病患者106例,随机分成对照组(53例)和治疗组(53例)。对照组患者晨服利格列汀片,5 mg/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服降糖舒胶囊,4粒/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗12周。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者糖脂代谢指标空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、三酰甘油(TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),胰岛功能指标李光伟指数(IAI)和胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β),血流变学指标全血高切黏度(HBV)、全血低切黏度(LBV)、血浆黏度(PV)、红细胞变形指数(EDI)及氧化应激指标超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和SOD/MDA。结果治疗后,对照组临床有效率83.02%,显著低于治疗组的96.23%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清FPG、2 h PG、Hb A1c和TG水平均显著降低(P<0.05),但血清HDL-C浓度均显著升高(P<0.05);且治疗后治疗组糖脂代谢参数明显好于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者IAI、HOMA-β值显著升高(P<0.05),且治疗组IAI和HOMA-β值均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血流变学指标HBV、LBV、PV、EDI值显著降低(P<0.05),且治疗组比对照组下降更显著(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清SOD水平和SOD/MDA比值显著上升(P<0.05),而MDA水平显著减少(P<0.05);且治疗组上述氧化应激参数比对照组改善更显著(P<0.05)。结论降糖舒胶囊联合利格列汀治疗2型糖尿病有助于维持患者血糖稳定,正性调节体内脂代谢紊乱,增强胰岛素敏感性,保护胰岛β细胞功能,抑制机体氧化应激。展开更多
文摘In this paper, we investigate the self-encoded multirate and the multimedia (SEMM) transmission. In SEMM system, the spreading codes are derived from its own previously transmitted bits rather than the pseudorandom code generator. We employ block chip interleaving at the transmitter to combat the deep fading over the channels. At the receiver, decorrelation scheme separates the combined signals not only to reduce the crosstalk between different applications, but also provide a better estimation for the despreading sequence. Interference cancelation (IC) is also adopted to improve both the correlation detection and iterative detection (ID) performance. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves performance over fading channels.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 31802319,31972784,31802269the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under contract No.ZR2018BC053+1 种基金the Agricultural Application Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province under contract No.SD2019YY006the Advanced Talents Foundation of Qingdao Agricultural University under contract Nos 6631119055,6631119032.
文摘The brain plays a critical role in controlling reproduction through the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal(HPG)axis in vertebrates.Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)has become an economically important marine fish in Europe and North China.Previous research investigating turbot reproduction has focused on the role of the HPG axis in regulating egg and sperm production.However,the morphology and histology of the organs in the HPG axis have not been studied.In this study,we investigated the morphology and histology of brains in female and male turbot at different stages of gonadal development.The results showed that the brains of both female and male turbot were composed of seven parts that are typical of advanced teleosts:the telencephalon,diencephalon,cerebellum,hypothalamus,pituitary gland,myelencephalon,and olfactory bulbs.The telencephalon was well-developed and contained five distinct lobes,with the contiguous diencephalon at the caudal portion.The torus longitudinales and rostral torus semicircularis of the mesencephalon flattened along the dorsal surface,and the rostral corpus cerebellum was located in the dorsal portion.The actual total brain volume in mature males was significantly greater(p<0.05)than that of females with gonadal development.Notably,the pituitary volume in male turbot significantly increased(p<0.05)from immature to mature stage,but this difference did not occur in females.The data together illustrate a distinct sex difference in the turbot brain during gonadal development,providing insight into their HPG axes.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2018YFD0901204)the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(No.GML2019ZD0402)+3 种基金the Major Agricultural Application Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province(No.SD2019YY011)the Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(No.2018SDKJ0502-2)the China Agriculture Research System(No.CARS-47),the Major Science and Technology for Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects(Shandong)(No.2019JZZY020710)the STS Project(Nos.KFZD-SW-106,ZSSD-019,2017T3017,2019T3022)。
文摘Acidic digestion is an important digestive process of marine fish.In fish stomach,two enzymes are involved in the secretion of hydrochloric acid(HCl)and proteomic digestion:H^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase and pepsinogen.However,the starting of digestive function in fish is still unclear.To reveal the details of acidic digestion of turbot Scophthalmus maximus in early development,a 40 day of turbot larvae culture was conducted.The H^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase gene from the turbot S.maximus(smH^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase)was identified and characterized.Based on our previous discription on pepsinogen of turbot S.maximus,we combined pepsinogen and H^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase and analyzed the mechanism of acidic digestion in turbot.Results show that the spatial and temporal expression profiles of H^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase agreed with pepsinogen A and C in turbot,indicating a synergetic action between H^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase and pepsinogen during the acidic digestion process.In addition,the turbot juveniles showed a faster growth after the expressions of H^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase gene and pepsinogen gene,demonstrating that pepsin had a higher digestive efficiency,for which a compound diet should be provided to the fish from Day 22 onward.This study provided a reference for biology research and aquaculture of turbot and other marine fishes.
基金Supported by the Shandong Province Key Research and Invention Program(No.2017CXGC010K)the China Agriculture Research System(No.CARS-47)+7 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2018YFD0901204)the National Infrastructure of Fishery Germplasm Resource(No.2019DKA30470)the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.2018SDKJ0502-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31872606,31572657,U1701233,31402283,31802319)the Department of Agriculture and Rural Areas of Guangdong Province(No.KA1911101)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2018BC053)the Agricultural Application Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province in 2018/2019(No.SD2019YY011)the Shandong Province Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects(No.2019JZZY020710)。
文摘Dissolved oxygen(DO)is one of most important factors which affect wide range physiologic features of including immune responses and intestinal bacterial community.However,the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic.To address this question,the intestinal bacterial community compositions and the immune features of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)grown in recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS)were characterized.Fish were reared under different DO saturation levels,e.g.,200% saturation named high group(H),100%saturation named control group(CK),and 60%saturation named lower group(L).Large variations in the operational taxonomic units(OTUs)frequency distribution for the intestinal bacterial community of Atlantic salmon were observed.The intestinal bacterial community of all groups was dominated mainly by three phyla,e.g.,Proteobacteria.Firmicutes,and Bacteroidetes.Interestingly,Acinetobacter baumannii,an opportunistic pathogen of salmon was increased significantly in L group.We further monitored the immunity features of fish under different DO levels.The results show that leucocyte number,cortisol level,the expressions of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain like protein 2(NOD2)were higher at significant levels in the L group than those in the other two groups.TLR4 and NOD2 are usually related with the bacterial infections;therefore,it is reasonable to believe that the stronger immune responses observed in the L group might be related with the higher abundance of A.baumannii in the inte stine of Atlantic salmon.Overall,these findings demonstrated that low DO level may induce stronger immunity responses in Atlantic salmon.
文摘目的探讨降糖舒胶囊联合利格列汀治疗2型糖尿病的临床效果。方法选取2017年1月—2019年1月镇平县人民医院收治的2型糖尿病患者106例,随机分成对照组(53例)和治疗组(53例)。对照组患者晨服利格列汀片,5 mg/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服降糖舒胶囊,4粒/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗12周。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者糖脂代谢指标空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、三酰甘油(TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),胰岛功能指标李光伟指数(IAI)和胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β),血流变学指标全血高切黏度(HBV)、全血低切黏度(LBV)、血浆黏度(PV)、红细胞变形指数(EDI)及氧化应激指标超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和SOD/MDA。结果治疗后,对照组临床有效率83.02%,显著低于治疗组的96.23%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清FPG、2 h PG、Hb A1c和TG水平均显著降低(P<0.05),但血清HDL-C浓度均显著升高(P<0.05);且治疗后治疗组糖脂代谢参数明显好于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者IAI、HOMA-β值显著升高(P<0.05),且治疗组IAI和HOMA-β值均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血流变学指标HBV、LBV、PV、EDI值显著降低(P<0.05),且治疗组比对照组下降更显著(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清SOD水平和SOD/MDA比值显著上升(P<0.05),而MDA水平显著减少(P<0.05);且治疗组上述氧化应激参数比对照组改善更显著(P<0.05)。结论降糖舒胶囊联合利格列汀治疗2型糖尿病有助于维持患者血糖稳定,正性调节体内脂代谢紊乱,增强胰岛素敏感性,保护胰岛β细胞功能,抑制机体氧化应激。
文摘目的探讨玉泉丸联合沙格列汀治疗老年2型糖尿病的临床效果。方法选取2017年1月—2019年2月镇平县人民医院收治的老年2型糖尿病患者98例,随机分成对照组(49例)和治疗组(49例)。对照组口服沙格列汀片,5 mg/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组的基础上口服玉泉丸,6g/次,4次/d。两组患者均连续治疗12周。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者糖脂代谢参数、血流变学、胰岛功能和炎症标志物水平。结果治疗后,对照组临床有效率为83.67%,显著低于治疗组的95.92%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血清糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、总胆固醇(TC)和三酰甘油(TG)水平均显著降低(P<0.05),且治疗组比对照组降低更明显(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血浆黏度(PV)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)值均显著降低(P<0.05),而红细胞变形指数(EDI)、胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)和胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)值显著升高(P<0.05),且治疗组血流变学及胰岛功能指标的改善效果均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、C反应蛋白(CRP)浓度及外周血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)均显著下降(P<0.05),治疗组以上炎症标志物水平较同期对照组更低(P<0.05)。结论玉泉丸联合沙格列汀治疗老年2型糖尿病疗效显著,能有效调控患者体内糖脂代谢状态,纠正血流变学异常,缓解胰岛素抵抗,改善胰岛β细胞功能,减轻机体慢性微炎症状态。
