Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window(NIR-II,900–1880 nm)with less scattering background in biological tissues has been combined with the confocal microscopic system for achieving deep in vivo imagi...Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window(NIR-II,900–1880 nm)with less scattering background in biological tissues has been combined with the confocal microscopic system for achieving deep in vivo imaging with high spatial resolution.However,the traditional NIR-IIfluorescence confocal microscope with separate excitation focus and detection pinhole makes it possess low confocal e±ciency,as well as di±cultly to adjust.Two types of upgraded NIR-IIfluorescence confocal microscopes,sharing the same pinhole by excitation and emission focus,leading to higher confocal e±ciency,are built in this work.One type is-ber-pinhole-based confocal microscope applicable to CW laser excitation.It is constructed forfluorescence intensity imaging with large depth,high stabilization and low cost,which could replace multiphotonfluorescence microscopy in some applications(e.g.,cerebrovascular and hepatocellular imaging).The other type is air-pinhole-based confocal microscope applicable to femtosecond(fs)laser excitation.It can be employed not only for NIR-IIfluorescence intensity imaging,but also for multi-channelfluorescence lifetime imaging to recognize different structures with similarfluorescence spectrum.Moreover,it can be facilely combined with multiphotonfluorescence microscopy.A single fs pulsed laser is utilized to achieve up-conversion(visible multiphotonfluorescence)and down-conversion(NIR-II one-photonfluorescence)excitation simultaneously,extending imaging spectral channels,and thus facilitates multi-structure and multi-functional observation.展开更多
Background:Clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)stands as the most prevalent form of kidney cancer,accounting for a significant proportion of malignancies affecting the kidneys.ccRCC is well known as a type of tumour...Background:Clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)stands as the most prevalent form of kidney cancer,accounting for a significant proportion of malignancies affecting the kidneys.ccRCC is well known as a type of tumour with immunogenicity.Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)aim to enhance the anticancer immune response in ccRCC by blocking programmed cell death 1 ligand 1/programmed death 1(PD-L1/PD-1)pathways.In a previous study,we showed that RING finger protein 26(RNF26)degrades chromobox 7(CBX7)to activate the tumor necrosis factor(TNF)in ccRCC.Methods:We analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database using the R package ESTIMATE and found that RNF26 was significantly associated with ccRCC immune infiltration.The relationship between RNF26 and the PD1 checkpoint signaling pathway was detected by enrichment analysis.In addition,the molecular mechanism of RNF26 up-regulation of PD-L1 was detected by transcriptome sequencing,RT-qPCR,and Western Blot in ccRCC cell lineages 786-O and A498 cells.The transplantation tumor experiments in C57BL/6 mice were used to test the efficacy of anti-PD1 and knockdown of RNF26 in vivo.Results:We showed that RNF26 suppressed the immune response to ccRCC.Next,we revealed that RNF26 activated the PD-1 checkpoint pathway to suppress the immune response to ccRCC,possibly via the CBX7/PD-L1 axis.Conclusion:The suggestion derived from our results is that targeting RNF26 holds the potential to amplify the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies in the treatment of ccRCC.展开更多
Studying user electricity consumption behavior is crucial for understanding their power usage patterns.However,the traditional clustering methods fail to identify emerging types of electricity consumption behavior.To ...Studying user electricity consumption behavior is crucial for understanding their power usage patterns.However,the traditional clustering methods fail to identify emerging types of electricity consumption behavior.To address this issue,this paper introduces a statistical analysis of clusters and evaluates the set of indicators for power usage patterns.The fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is then used to analyze 6 months of electricity consumption data in 2017 from energy storage equipment,agricultural drainage irrigation,port shore power,and electric vehicles.Finally,the proposed method is validated through experiments,where the Davies-Bouldin index and profile coefficient are calculated and compared.Experiments showed that the optimal number of clusters is 4.This study demonstrates the potential of using a fuzzy C-means clustering algorithmin identifying emerging types of electricity consumption behavior,which can help power system operators and policymakers to make informed decisions and improve energy efficiency.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61975172,82001874 and 61735016).
文摘Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window(NIR-II,900–1880 nm)with less scattering background in biological tissues has been combined with the confocal microscopic system for achieving deep in vivo imaging with high spatial resolution.However,the traditional NIR-IIfluorescence confocal microscope with separate excitation focus and detection pinhole makes it possess low confocal e±ciency,as well as di±cultly to adjust.Two types of upgraded NIR-IIfluorescence confocal microscopes,sharing the same pinhole by excitation and emission focus,leading to higher confocal e±ciency,are built in this work.One type is-ber-pinhole-based confocal microscope applicable to CW laser excitation.It is constructed forfluorescence intensity imaging with large depth,high stabilization and low cost,which could replace multiphotonfluorescence microscopy in some applications(e.g.,cerebrovascular and hepatocellular imaging).The other type is air-pinhole-based confocal microscope applicable to femtosecond(fs)laser excitation.It can be employed not only for NIR-IIfluorescence intensity imaging,but also for multi-channelfluorescence lifetime imaging to recognize different structures with similarfluorescence spectrum.Moreover,it can be facilely combined with multiphotonfluorescence microscopy.A single fs pulsed laser is utilized to achieve up-conversion(visible multiphotonfluorescence)and down-conversion(NIR-II one-photonfluorescence)excitation simultaneously,extending imaging spectral channels,and thus facilitates multi-structure and multi-functional observation.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(Grant No.2022JJ30870(Liang Zhu)).
文摘Background:Clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)stands as the most prevalent form of kidney cancer,accounting for a significant proportion of malignancies affecting the kidneys.ccRCC is well known as a type of tumour with immunogenicity.Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)aim to enhance the anticancer immune response in ccRCC by blocking programmed cell death 1 ligand 1/programmed death 1(PD-L1/PD-1)pathways.In a previous study,we showed that RING finger protein 26(RNF26)degrades chromobox 7(CBX7)to activate the tumor necrosis factor(TNF)in ccRCC.Methods:We analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database using the R package ESTIMATE and found that RNF26 was significantly associated with ccRCC immune infiltration.The relationship between RNF26 and the PD1 checkpoint signaling pathway was detected by enrichment analysis.In addition,the molecular mechanism of RNF26 up-regulation of PD-L1 was detected by transcriptome sequencing,RT-qPCR,and Western Blot in ccRCC cell lineages 786-O and A498 cells.The transplantation tumor experiments in C57BL/6 mice were used to test the efficacy of anti-PD1 and knockdown of RNF26 in vivo.Results:We showed that RNF26 suppressed the immune response to ccRCC.Next,we revealed that RNF26 activated the PD-1 checkpoint pathway to suppress the immune response to ccRCC,possibly via the CBX7/PD-L1 axis.Conclusion:The suggestion derived from our results is that targeting RNF26 holds the potential to amplify the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies in the treatment of ccRCC.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Jiangxi Electric Power Corporation Limited‘Research on Key Technologies for Non-Intrusive Load Identification for Typical Power Industry Users in Jiangxi Province’(521852220004)。
文摘Studying user electricity consumption behavior is crucial for understanding their power usage patterns.However,the traditional clustering methods fail to identify emerging types of electricity consumption behavior.To address this issue,this paper introduces a statistical analysis of clusters and evaluates the set of indicators for power usage patterns.The fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is then used to analyze 6 months of electricity consumption data in 2017 from energy storage equipment,agricultural drainage irrigation,port shore power,and electric vehicles.Finally,the proposed method is validated through experiments,where the Davies-Bouldin index and profile coefficient are calculated and compared.Experiments showed that the optimal number of clusters is 4.This study demonstrates the potential of using a fuzzy C-means clustering algorithmin identifying emerging types of electricity consumption behavior,which can help power system operators and policymakers to make informed decisions and improve energy efficiency.
