Advances in chromatin remodeling and its role in the molecular mechanism of leukemia

Leukemia is a type of malignant clonal disease of hematopoietic stem cells.Its root cause is the change in the structure and function of genetic material inside hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.DNA is no longer the only substance that affects heredity.Research on genetic material other than DNA is getting deeper and deeper.Scientists have found that epigenetic abnormality is also an important part of the pathogenesis of leukemia.Epigenetics involves DNA,protein,chromatin and RNA,and they are interrelated and regulated by each other in regulating gene expression.In recent years,chromatin remodeling has become a research focus in the field of oncology epigenetics,and its role in gene expression regulation has been recognized.To explore the potential value of chromatin remodeling in human pathogenesis and therapeutics,this review describes chromatin remodeling and remodeling factor classification,and its impact on human diseases,particularly leukemia.

Early diagnosis of renal pelvis villous adenoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Villous adenoma is a rare tumor in the urinary system that usually occurs in the bladder.It is extremely uncommon in the renal pelvis.Most of the previously reported cases have been diagnosed with severe hydronephrosis associated with renal parenchyma atrophy prior to surgery.Because of its rarity,available information on the pathogenesis,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of the disease is limited.We reported a case of kidney stones with hydronephrosis.During percutaneous nephroscopic lithotripsy,a renal pelvis tumor was found.Biopsy confirmed that the tumor was a villous adenoma of the renal pelvis.CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old female was admitted to the hospital due to right kidney stones with right hydronephrosis.After admission,a urinary system plain computed tomography scan was performed,which revealed right kidney stones with right hydronephrosis and right upper ureteral dilatation.Multiple new cauliflower-like papillary masses were then discovered in the renal pelvis and calyces during right percutaneous nephroscopic lithotripsy.Biopsy results indicated villous adenoma with high-grade glandular intraepithelial neoplasia.The patient underwent laparoscopic radical resection of the right kidney and ureter.Based on histopathological and immunohistochemical examination,the patient was diagnosed with villous adenoma without adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION Villous adenoma is rare in the urinary system.We reported a case of renal pelvis villous adenoma,which may provide useful information for the early diagnosis and treatment of this tumor.

Radiotherapy of unicentric mediastinal Castleman's disease

Castleman's disease is a slowly progressive and rare lymphoproliferative disorder.Here,we report a 55-year-old woman with superior mediastinal Castleman's disease being misdiagnosed for a long term.We found a 4.3 cm mass localized in the superior mediastinum accompanied with severe clinical symptoms.The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy,but the mass failed to be totally excised.Pathologic examination revealed a mediastinal mass of Castleman's disease.After radiotherapy of 30 Gy by 15 fractions,the patient no longer presented previous symptoms.At 3 months after radiotherapy of 60 Gy by 30 fractions,Computed tomography of the chest showed significantly smaller mass,indicating partial remission.Upon a 10-month follow-up,the patient was alive and free of symptoms.

In-situ hydrothermal synthesis of Ni−MoO_(2)heterostructure on porous bulk NiMo alloy for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction

The Ni−MoO_(2) heterostructure was synthesized in suit on porous bulk NiMo alloy by a facile powder metallurgy and hydrothermal method.The results of field emission scanning electron microscopy(SEM),field emission transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)reveal that the as-prepared electrode possesses the heterostructure and a layer of Ni(OH)_(2) nanosheets is formed on the surface of Ni−MoO_(2) electrode simultaneously after hydrothermal treatment,which provides abundant interface and much active sites,as well as much active specific surface area.The results of hydrogen evolution reaction indicate that the Ni−MoO_(2) heterostructure electrode exhibits excellent catalytic performance,requiring only 41 mV overpotential to reach the current density of 10 mA/cm^(2).It also possesses a small Tafel slope of 52.7 mV/dec and long-term stability of electrolysis in alkaline medium.

Comparative mitogenomic analyses unveil conserved and variable mitogenomic features and phylogeny of Chedrinae fish

Chedrinae fish,which belong to Danionidae,have important ornamental,economic,and scientific value.At present,however,their mitogenomic features are unclear and their phylogenetic relationships remain controversial.In this study,we presented five new Chedrinae mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)and analyzed the conserved and variable mitogenomic characteristics of 17 Chedrinae fish.The gene composition and arrangement and secondary structure of transfer RNAs(tRNAs)were highly conserved among the Chedrinae mitogenomes.However,the length of the control region and base composition were variable.Interestingly,the mitogenome of Barilius barila was unusual,with lower A+T content in the first codon of protein-coding genes(PCGs)(47.32%versus average of 54.47%)and distinct pattern of codons per thousand codons(CDspT).Three Chedrinae fish had a long tandem repeat(>291 bp)in the 5'-end of the control region,which may increase their adaptability.In addition,tRNALys had notably larger DHU and TΨC loops than other tRNAs.The phylogenetic trees of the Chedrinae fish suggested that the Barilius genus was not a monophyletic group but could be divided into two main groups based on significant differences in A+T content.This study provides insights into the mitogenomic features and phylogenetic implications of Chedrinae fish,which should benefit their systematics and conservation.

Advances in Pharmacological Studies of Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside

The isoflavone compound Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (CG) is an active monomer component extracted from the dry roots of the leguminous plant Astragalus mongolicus and Astragalus. It is also one of the main active ingredients in the Astragalus that is a commonly used traditional herb. CG has obvious effects of anti-oxidation, anti-virus, inhibition of melanin formation, and immunosuppression. With the advancement of modern technology, it has become a pivotal subject that the adjuvant therapy or even substitute for the synthetic drug of monomer of Chinese herb in medical field. In recent years, with the deepening of research on the mechanism of action of CG, which has been found that its pharmacological effects are very extensive, such as the anti-tumor effect and the effect on cerebrovascular diseases of CG. This review summarizes the pharmacological effects and the latest research progress of CG.

Causal gene identification and desirable trait recreation in goldfish

Goldfish(Carassius auratus) have long fascinated evolutionary biologists and geneticists because of their diverse morphological and color variations.Recent genome-wide association studies have provided a clue to uncover genomic basis underlying these phenotypic variations,but the causality between phenotypic and genotypic variations have not yet been confirmed.Here,we edited proposed candidate genes to recreate phenotypic traits and developed a rapid biotechnology approach which combines gene editing with high-efficiency breeding,artificial gynogenesis,and temperature-induced sex reversal to establish homozygous mutants within two generations(approximately eight months).We first verified that low-density lipoprotein receptorrelated protein 2B(lrp2a B) is the causal gene for the dragon-eye variation and recreated the dragon-eye phenotype in side-view Pleated-skirt Lion-head goldfish.Subsequently,we demonstrated that the albino phenotype was determined by both homeologs of oculocutaneous albinism type II(oca2),which has subfunctionalized to differentially govern melanogenesis in the goldfish body surface and pupils.Overall,we determined two causal genes for dragon-eye and albino phenotypes,and created four stable homozygous strains and more appealing goldfish with desirable traits.The developed biotechnology approach facilitates precise genetic breeding,which will accelerate re-domestication and recreation of phenotypically desirable goldfish.

Evaluation of CMIP6 HighResMIP models in simulating precipitation over Central Asia

The High Resolutio n Model Intercomparison Project(HighResMIP)experiment within the Coupled Model In tercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6),for the first time,has provided an opportunity to evaluate the performance of climate models over complex topographies.Based on the HighResMIP's historical simulations of atmospheric general circulation models,the performances of global high-resolution models,with a horizontal resolution finer than 50 km,in representing precipitation over Central Asia were evaluated using rain gauge observation datasets.All the models successfully reproduce the large precipitation regions that are located over the mountainous areas and Northern Central Asia.However,nearly all the models overestimate precipitation frequency over Central Asia and large overestimations of precipitation amount and frequency are located over the mountainous areas.Although the HighResMIP multi-model ensemble mean performs better than all individual models at simulating the spatial pattern of precipitation frequency,it is inferior to HadGEM3-GC31-HM and ECMWF-IFS-HR at simulating that of precipitation amount.The simulation performance exhibits remarkable regional differences.Over the Qilian Mountains,the relationship between precipitation and elevation is totally captured by climate models.In contrast,over the Tianshan Mountains,the models fail to simulate the decrease in precipitation frequency after elevation higher than the maximum precipitation elevation.Most models successfully reproduce the annual cycle shape of precipitation amount over the Southern Central Asia,Qilian Mountains and Tianshan Mountains,but fail to reproduce it over the Northern Central Asia.More than half of the high-resolution GCMs have a reduced bias relative to the corresponding low-resolution GCMs.The performances of most high-resolution GCMs in simulating precipitation pattern are well over the Tianshan Mountains.

Boron nitride/agarose hydrogel composites with high thermal conductivities

Hydrogels are cross-linked polymers suitable for various applications,but the thermal conductivities of hydrogel-based composites have not been thoroughly investigated.In this study,agarose hydrogel-based composites with various boron nitride(BN)fillers were synthesized and their thermal conductivities were systematically investigated.With the increase in the agarose content from 1.5 wt%to 3.0 wt%,the thermal conductivity of the composite decreased.The composites with BN micropowder had larger thermal conductivities than those of the composites with BN nanopowder at the same filler loading,as the BN micropowder provided better thermal conduction pathways in the hydrogel matrix than those provided by the nanopowder.The maximum thermal conductivity of 2.69 W m-1·K-1 was achieved when 15 wt%microscale BN fillers were added into 1.5 wt%agarose hydrogel,which was 3.5 times larger than that of the pure agarose hydrogel.Additionally,a theoretical model was used to calculate the thermal conductivities of the BN/agarose hydrogel composites;a good agreement was achieved between the experimental and fitting ones.This study demonstrated that the thermal conductivities of hydrogel-based materials can be efficiently and significantly enhanced using BN fillers.