The ammonia loss through NalophanTM bags has been studied. Ammonia was chosen as target compound in order to be representative of odorous molecules of small dimensions. The losses observed for storage conditions and t...The ammonia loss through NalophanTM bags has been studied. Ammonia was chosen as target compound in order to be representative of odorous molecules of small dimensions. The losses observed for storage conditions and times as allowed by the reference standard for dynamic olfactometry (EN 13725:2003) indicate that odour concentration values due to the presence of small molecules may be significantly underestimated if samples are not analysed immediately after sampling. The diffusion coefficient of ammonia through the NalophanTM film was evaluated using the Fick’s law, and it turned out to be equal to 2.38E-12 (m2/s). The results and their theoretical interpretation indicate that concentration losses due to ammonia diffusion through the NalophanTM film can be decreased by using large bags and filling them up to their maximum capacity.展开更多
The cement hydration delay is due to comb-polymers (PCP), used as dispersant agent during the preparation of the cement paste. In order to evaluate the role of the PCP structure on hydration, the comb-polymer is separ...The cement hydration delay is due to comb-polymers (PCP), used as dispersant agent during the preparation of the cement paste. In order to evaluate the role of the PCP structure on hydration, the comb-polymer is separated in two main parts: the backbone (PAA) and the dispersing chain. A linear polymer made up of PEO, Mw = 1000, with a carboxylic head suitable to link the inorganic surface, was synthesized to simulate the effect of the dispersing-side chain. The hydration delay of C-S-H formation induced by comb-polymer on CEM I and C3S phase was analyzed by conduction calorimetry and the morphology of the crystalline structure in growth by SEM, specially studying the relation between structure and hydration time. The results show that the hydration delay is mainly ascribable to the comb-shaped structure as a whole, where PEO chain, as from considerations on energy, might assume conformations able to modify the salt concentration near the cement surface. The different hydration rates are tentatively related to the crystal growth and the surface texture observed by SEM.展开更多
文摘The ammonia loss through NalophanTM bags has been studied. Ammonia was chosen as target compound in order to be representative of odorous molecules of small dimensions. The losses observed for storage conditions and times as allowed by the reference standard for dynamic olfactometry (EN 13725:2003) indicate that odour concentration values due to the presence of small molecules may be significantly underestimated if samples are not analysed immediately after sampling. The diffusion coefficient of ammonia through the NalophanTM film was evaluated using the Fick’s law, and it turned out to be equal to 2.38E-12 (m2/s). The results and their theoretical interpretation indicate that concentration losses due to ammonia diffusion through the NalophanTM film can be decreased by using large bags and filling them up to their maximum capacity.
文摘The cement hydration delay is due to comb-polymers (PCP), used as dispersant agent during the preparation of the cement paste. In order to evaluate the role of the PCP structure on hydration, the comb-polymer is separated in two main parts: the backbone (PAA) and the dispersing chain. A linear polymer made up of PEO, Mw = 1000, with a carboxylic head suitable to link the inorganic surface, was synthesized to simulate the effect of the dispersing-side chain. The hydration delay of C-S-H formation induced by comb-polymer on CEM I and C3S phase was analyzed by conduction calorimetry and the morphology of the crystalline structure in growth by SEM, specially studying the relation between structure and hydration time. The results show that the hydration delay is mainly ascribable to the comb-shaped structure as a whole, where PEO chain, as from considerations on energy, might assume conformations able to modify the salt concentration near the cement surface. The different hydration rates are tentatively related to the crystal growth and the surface texture observed by SEM.
