Associations of genome-wide structural variations with phenotypic differences in cross-bred Eurasian pigs

Background During approximately 10,000 years of domestication and selection,a large number of structural variations(SVs)have emerged in the genome of pig breeds,profoundly influencing their phenotypes and the ability to adapt to the local environment.SVs(≥50 bp)are widely distributed in the genome,mainly in the form of insertion(INS),mobile element insertion(MEI),deletion(DEL),duplication(DUP),inversion(INV),and translocation(TRA).While studies have investigated the SVs in pig genomes,genome-wide association studies(GWAS)-based on SVs have been rarely conducted.Results Here,we obtained a high-quality SV map containing 123,151 SVs from 15 Large White and 15 Min pigs through integrating the power of several SV tools,with 53.95%of the SVs being reported for the first time.These high-quality SVs were used to recover the population genetic structure,confirming the accuracy of genotyping.Potential functional SV loci were then identified based on positional effects and breed stratification.Finally,GWAS were performed for 36 traits by genotyping the screened potential causal loci in the F2 population according to their corresponding genomic positions.We identified a large number of loci involved in 8 carcass traits and 6 skeletal traits on chromosome 7,with FKBP5 containing the most significant SV locus for almost all traits.In addition,we found several significant loci in intramuscular fat,abdominal circumference,heart weight,and liver weight,etc.Conclusions We constructed a high-quality SV map using high-coverage sequencing data and then analyzed them by performing GWAS for 25 carcass traits,7 skeletal traits,and 4 meat quality traits to determine that SVs may affect body size between European and Chinese pig breeds.

Repressor elements provide insights into tissue development and phenotypes in pigs

Repressor elements significantly influence economically relevant phenotypes in pigs;however,their precise roles and characteristics are inadequately understood.In the present study,we employed H3K27me3 profiling,assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with highthroughput sequencing(ATAC-seq),and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)data across six tissues derived from three embryonic layers to identify and map 2034 super repressor elements(SREs) and 22223 typical repressor elements(TREs) in the pig genome.Notably,many repressor elements were conserved across mesodermal and ectodermal tissues.SREs exhibited tight regulation of their target genes,affecting a limited number of genes within a specific genomic region with pronounced effects,while TREs exerted broader but weaker regulation over a wider range of target genes.Furthermore,in neuronal tissues,genes regulated by repressor elements started to be repressed during the differentiation of stem cells into progenitor cells.Notably,analysis showed that many repressor elements exhibited cooperative and additive effects on the modulation of KLF4 expression.This research provides the first comprehensive map of pig repressor elements,serving as an essential reference for future studies on repressor elements.

Single-atom catalysis for carbon neutrality

Currently,more than 86%of global energy consumption is still mainly dependent on traditional fossil fuels,which causes resource scarcity and even emission of high amounts of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),resulting in a severe“Greenhouse effect.”Considering this situation,the concept of“carbon neutrality”has been put forward by 125 countries one after another.To achieve the goals of“carbon neutrality,”two main strategies to reduce CO_(2) emissions and develop sustainable clean energy can be adopted.Notably,these are crucial for the synthesis of advanced single-atom catalysts(SACs)for energyrelated applications.In this review,we highlight unique SACs for conversion of CO_(2) into high-efficiency carbon energy,for example,through photocatalytic,electrocatalytic,and thermal catalytic hydrogenation technologies,to convert CO_(2) into hydrocarbon fuels(CO,CH_(4),HCOOH,CH_(3)OH,and multicarbon[C_(2+)]products).In addition,we introduce advanced energy conversion technologies and devices to replace traditional polluting fossil fuels,such as photocatalytic and electrocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen energy and a high-efficiency oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)for fuel cells.Impressively,several representative examples of SACs(including d-,ds-,p-,and f-blocks)for CO_(2) conversion,water splitting to H2,and ORR are discussed to describe synthesis methods,characterization,and corresponding catalytic activity.Finally,this review concludes with a description of the challenges and outlooks for future applications of SACs in contributing toward carbon neutrality.

Estimation of inbreeding and identification of regions under heavy selection based on runs of homozygosity in a Large White pig population

Background: Runs of homozygosity(ROHs) are homozygous segments of the genome where the two haplotypes inherited from the parents are identical. The current availability of genotypes for a very large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) is leading to more accurate characterization of ROHs in the whole genome. Here,we investigated the occurrence and distribution of ROHs in 3,692 Large White pigs and compared estimates of inbreeding coefficients calculated based on ROHs(FROH), homozygosity(FHOM), genomic relationship matrix(FGRM)and pedigree(FPED). Furthermore, we identified genomic regions with high ROH frequencies and annotated their candidate genes.Results: In total, 176,182 ROHs were identified from 3,569 animals, and all individuals displayed at least one ROH longer than 1 Mb. The ROHs identified were unevenly distributed on the autosomes. The highest and lowest coverages of Sus scrofa chromosomes(SSC) by ROH were on SSC14 and SSC13, respectively. The highest pairwise correlation among the different inbreeding coefficient estimates was 0.95 between FROH_totaland FHOM, while the lowest was-0.083 between FGRMand FPED. The correlations between FPEDand FROHusing four classes of ROH lengths ranged from 0.18 to 0.37 and increased with increasing ROH length, except for ROH > 10 Mb. Twelve ROH islands were located on four chromosomes(SSC1, 4, 6 and 14). These ROH islands harboured genes associated with reproduction, muscular development, fat deposition and adaptation, such as SIRT1, MYPN, SETDB1 and PSMD4.Conclusion: FROHcan be used to accurately assess individual inbreeding levels compared to other inbreeding coefficient estimators. In the absence of pedigree records, FROHcan provide an alternative to inbreeding estimates.Our findings can be used not only to effectively increase the response to selection by appropriately managing the rate of inbreeding and minimizing the negative effects of inbreeding depression but also to help detect genomic regions with an effect on traits under selection.

Genome-wide identification of RNA editing in seven porcine tissues by matched DNA and RNA high-throughput sequencing

Background: RNA editing is a co/posttranscriptional modification mechanism that increases the diversity of transcripts, with potential functional consequences. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has enabled the identification of RNA edits at unprecedented throughput and resolution. However, our knowledge of RNA editing in swine is still limited.Results: Here, we utilized RES-Scanner to identify RNA editing sites in the brain, subcutaneous fat, heart, liver,muscle, lung and ovary in three 180-day-old Large White gilts based on matched strand-specific RNA sequencing and whole-genome resequencing datasets. In total, we identified 74863 editing sites, and 92.1% of these sites caused adenosine-to-guanosine(A-to-G) conversion. Most A-to-G sites were located in noncoding regions and generally had low editing levels. In total, 151 A-to-G sites were detected in coding regions(CDS), including 94 sites that could lead to nonsynonymous amino acid changes. We provide further evidence supporting a previous observation that pig transcriptomes are highly editable at PRE-1 elements. The number of A-to-G editing sites ranged from 4155(muscle) to 25001(brain) across the seven tissues. The expression levels of the ADAR enzymes could explain some but not all of this variation across tissues. The functional analysis of the genes with tissuespecific editing sites in each tissue revealed that RNA editing might play important roles in tissue function.Specifically, more pathways showed significant enrichment in the fat and liver than in other tissues, while no pathway was enriched in the muscle.Conclusions: This study identified a total of 74863 nonredundant RNA editing sites in seven tissues and revealed the potential importance of RNA editing in tissue function. Our findings largely extend the porcine editome and enhance our understanding of RNA editing in swine.

The landscape of chromatin accessibility in skeletal muscle during embryonic development in pigs

Background:The development of skeletal muscle in pigs during the embryonic stage is precisely regulated by transcriptional mechanisms,which depend on chromatin accessibility.However,how chromatin accessibility plays a regulatory role during embryonic skeletal muscle development in pigs has not been reported.To gain insight into the landscape of chromatin accessibility and the associated genome-wide transcriptome during embryonic muscle development,we performed ATAC-seq and RNA-seq analyses of skeletal muscle from pig embryos at 45,70 and 100 days post coitus(dpc).Results:In total,21,638,35,447 and 60,181 unique regions(or peaks)were found across the embryos at 45 dpc(LW45),70 dpc(LW70)and 100 dpc(LW100),respectively.More than 91%of the peaks were annotated within−1 kb to 100 bp of transcription start sites(TSSs).First,widespread increases in specific accessible chromatin regions(ACRs)from embryos at 45 to 100 dpc suggested that the regulatory mechanisms became increasingly complicated during embryonic development.Second,the findings from integrated ATAC-seq and RNA-seq analyses showed that not only the numbers but also the intensities of ACRs could control the expression of associated genes.Moreover,the motif screening of stage-specific ACRs revealed some transcription factors that regulate muscle developmentrelated genes,such as MyoG,Mef2c,and Mef2d.Several potential transcriptional repressors,including E2F6,OTX2 and CTCF,were identified among the genes that exhibited different regulation trends between the ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data.Conclusions:This work indicates that chromatin accessibility plays an important regulatory role in the embryonic muscle development of pigs and regulates the temporal and spatial expression patterns of key genes in muscle development by influencing the binding of transcription factors.Our results contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory dynamics of genes involved in pig embryonic skeletal muscle development.

Changing Rule of Carbon-Enriched Zone and Diffusion Behavior of Carbon in Aging 0Cr6Mn13Ni10MoTi/1Cr5Mo Dissimilar Welded Joints

The microstructures, the changing rule of carbon-enriched zone, the diffusion behaviors of elements C and Cr, and thecarbide type of 0Cr6Mn13Ni10MoTi/1Cr5Mo dissimilar welded joints after aging at 500℃ for various times and afterlong-term service in technical practice were investigated by using the optical microscopy electron probe microanalysis,scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that in aging0Cr6Mn13Ni10MoTi/1Cr5Mo dissimilar welded joints, the main carbides are M_3C and a few carbides are M_7C_3 andM_(23)C_6. The M_3C carbide decomposition and dissolution with increasing aging time or aging temperature and theanti-diffusion of C and Cr cause the decrease and disappearance of the carbon-enriched zone. The results are differentfrom those of the A302/1Cr5Mo dissimilar welded joints in previous studies.

Influence of Reaction Conditions on Methanol Synthesis and WGS Reaction in the Syngas-to-DME Process

A series of CuO-ZnO catalysts （with different Cu/Zn molar ratios） were prepared, and evaluated under the reaction conditions of syngas-to-dimethyl ether （DME） with three sorts of feed gas and different space velocity. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and temperatureprogrammed reduction （TPR）. The experiment results showed that the reaction conditions of syngas-to- DME process greatly affected the methanol synthesis and WGS reaction. The influence caused by Cu/Zn molar ratio was quite different on the two reactions; increasing of percentage of CO2 in feed gas was unfavorable for catalyst activity, and also inhibited both reactions; enhancement of reaction space velocity heavily influenced the performance of the catalyst, and the benefits were relatively less for methanol synthesis than for the WGS reaction.

Energy hub-based optimal planning for integrated energy systems considering part-load characteristics and synergistic effect of equipment

Integrated energy systems(lESs)represent a promising energy supply model within the energy internet.However,multi-energy flow coupling in the optimal configuration of IES results in a series of simplifications in the preliminary planning,affecting the cost,efficiency,and environmental performance of IES.A novel optimal planning method that considers the part-load characteristics and spatio-temporal synergistic effects of IES components is proposed to enable a rational design of the structure and size of IES.An extended energy hub model is introduced based on the“node of energy hub”concept by decomposing the IES into different types of energy equipment.Subsequently,a planning method is applied as a two-level optimization framework-the upper level is used to identify the type and size of the component,while the bottom level is used to optimize the operation strategy based on a typical day analysis method.The planning problem is solved using a two-stage evolutionary algorithm,combing the multiple-mutations adaptive genetic algorithm with an interior point optimization solver,to minimize the lifetime cost of the IES.Finally,the feasibility of the proposed planning method is demonstrated using a case study.The life cycle costs of the IES with and without consideration of the part-load characteristics of the components were$4.26 million and$4.15 million,respectively,in the case study.Moreover,ignoring the variation in component characteristics in the design stage resulted in an additional 11.57%expenditure due to an energy efficiency reduction under the off-design conditions.

Porcine methionine sulfoxide reductase B3:molecular cloning,tissue-specific expression profiles,and polymorphisms associated with ear size in Sus scrofa

Background： In Sus scrofa, methionine sulfoxide reductase B3（MSRB3） is a crucial candidate gene for ear size, and an important conformational trait of pig breeds. However, challenges in MSRB3 c DNA amplification have prevented further identification of MSRB3 allelic variants influencing pig ear size.Results： We cloned a full-length c DNA sequence of porcine MSRB3 by rapid-amplification of c DNA ends. The3,765-bp gene contained a 5＇-untranslated region（UTR）（190 bp）, a coding region（552 bp）, and a 3＇-UTR（3,016 bp） and shared 84 %, 84 %, 87 %, 86 %, and 70 % sequence identities with human, orangutan, mouse, chicken, and zebrafish,respectively. The gene encoded a 183-amino acid protein, which shared 88 %, 91 %, 89 %, 86 %, and 67 % identities with human, orangutan, mouse, chicken, and zebrafish, respectively. Tissue expression analysis using q RT-PCR revealed that MSRB3 was expressed in the heart, liver, lung, kidney, spleen, ear, muscle, fat, lymph, skeletal, and hypothalamic tissues. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs） were identified in MSRB3： c.-735 C 〉 T in the 5＇ flanking region,c.2571 T 〉 C in the 3＇-UTR, and a synonymous mutation of c.484 T 〉 C in the coding region. The SNPs c.-735 C 〉 T and c.2571 T 〉 C were significantly associated with ear size in a Large White × Minzhu F2 population other than in Beijing Black pigs. Subsequently, at SNP c.-735 C 〉 T, the m RNA of MSRB3 was significantly higher expressed in ears of individuals with the TT genotype（Minzhu） than those with CC（Large White）.Conclusions： The porcine MSRB3 owned a 3,765-bp full-length c DNA sequence and was detected to express in ear tissue. Two SNPs of this gene were shown to be significantly associated with ear size in a Large White × Minzhu intercross population instead of Beijing Black pig population. What＇s more, the individuals with higher m RNA expression of MSRB3 have larger ear sizes. These results provide useful information for further functional analyses of MSRB3 influencing ear size in pigs.

The reformation of catalyst:From a trial-and-error synthesis to rational design

The appropriate catalysts can accelerate the reaction rate and effectively boost the efficient conversion of various molecules,which is of great importance in the study of chemistry,chemical industry,energy,materials and environmental science.Therefore,efficient,environmentally friendly,and easy to operate synthesis methods have been used to prepare various types of catalysts.Although previous studies have reported the synthesis and characterization of the aforementioned catalysts,more still remain in trial and error methods,without in-depth consideration and improvement of traditional synthesis methods.Here,we comprehensively summarize and compare the preparation methods of the trial-and-error synthesis strategy,structure–activity relationships and density functional theory(DFT)guided catalysts rational design for nanomaterials and atomically dispersed catalysts.We also discuss in detail the utilization of the nanomaterials and single atom catalysts for converting small molecules(H_(2)O,O_(2),CO_(2),N_(2),etc.)into value-added products driven by electrocatalysis,photocatalysis,and thermocatalysis.Finally,the challenges and outlooks of mass preparation and production of efficient and green catalysts through conventional trial and error synthesis and DFT theory are featured in accordance with its current development.

Energy Planning of Beijing Towards Low-carbon,Clean and Efficient Development in 2035

Energy transition towards clean,efficient energy supply has been a common sense of the government and public in China.However,lacking reasonable planning will lead to undisciplined development,resource waste,and excessive investment.In this context,this paper investigates potential pathways of Beijing energy transition towards a high-level low-carbon,clean and efficient energy system in 2035 with an extended energysocpe model.Firstly,based on available data,future energy demands are predicted by a newly proposed hybrid forecasting method,which combines the traditional regression model,grey model,and support vector machine model with an entropy-based weighted factor.Secondly,the superstructure-based optimization model is employed to investigate the system configuration and operation strategy of the future Beijing energy system.Finally,the uncertainty impact of electricity price,natural gas price,hydrogen price,and the capital expenditures of electrolyzer and steam methane reforming for hydrogen applications are studied.The forecasting results show that all walks of life will witness a continuously increasing energy demand in multiple sectors of Beijing towards 2035.The planning results suggest that the imported electricity and natural gas will dominate the energy supply of Beijing in 2035 with a contribution of 86%of the energy resources consumption of 384 TWh.Moreover,the energy system presents a high end-use electrification level of 65%and high penetration of efficient technologies,which supply 119 TWh via combined heat and power,26 TWh via heat pump and 95 TWh via district heating network.The energy use of various sectors of energy resources,technologies and end-use are closely related.Hydrogen will have an increased penetration in the private mobility sector,but the locally generated hydrogen is mainly from steam methane reforming technology.

Pan Shuh:the founding figure of modern Chinese psychology

Entering the lobby of the Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,the first thing that catches the eye is the Pan Shuh Library.In the library,Pan Shuh’s six decades of life are displayed in the form of a life photo exhibition,representing 10 years of determination,10 years of wandering,10 years of exploration,10 years of following the path,10 years of self-improvement,and 10 years of propagation.These six decades not only reflect the life journey of Pan Shuh,the pioneer of Chinese psychology but also serve as a microcosm of the historical development of modern Chinese psychology(Qicheng Jing,Xiaolan Fu,2011).

A study of miRNAs targets prediction and experimental validation

microRNAs(miRNAs)are 20–24 nucleotide(nt)RNAs that regulate eukaryotic gene expression post-transcriptionally by the degradation or translational inhibition of their target messenger RNAs(mRNAs).To identify miRNA target genes will help a lot by understanding their biological functions.Sophisticated computational approaches for miRNA target prediction,and effective biological techniques for validating these targets now play a central role in elucidating their functions.Owing to the imperfect complementarity of animal miRNAs with their targets,it is difficult to judge the accuracy of the prediction.Complexity of regulation by miRNA-mediated targets at protein and mRNAs levels has made it more challenging to identify the targets.To date,only a few miRNAs targets are confirmed.In this article,we review the methods of miRNA target prediction and the experimental validation for their corresponding mRNA targets in animals.

Single-cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Thoracolumbar Vertebra Heterogeneity and Rib-genesis in Pigs

Development of thoracolumbar vertebra(TLV)and rib primordium(RP)is a common evolutionary feature across vertebrates,although whole-organism analysis of the expression dynamics of TLV-and RP-related genes has been lacking.Here,we investigated the single-cell transcriptome landscape of thoracic vertebra(TV),lumbar vertebra(LV),and RP cells from a pig embryo at 27 days post-fertilization(dpf)and identified six cell types with distinct gene expression signatures.In-depth dissection of the gene expression dynamics and RNA velocity revealed a coupled process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis during TLV and RP development.Further analysis of cell type-specific and strand-specific expression uncovered the extremely high level of HOXA103′-UTR sequence specific to osteoblasts of LV cells,which may function as anti-HOXA10-antisense by counteracting the HOXA10-antisense effect to determine TLV transition.Thus,this work provides a valuable resource for understanding embryonic osteogenesis and angiogenesis underlying vertebrate TLV and RP development at the cell type-specific resolution,which serves as a comprehensive view on the transcriptional profile of animal embryo development.

SUPPRESSION OF BENDING WAVES IN A PERIODIC BEAM WITH TIMOSHENKO BEAM THEORY

Active control of bending waves in a periodic beam by the Timoshenko beam theory is concerned. A discussion about the possible wave solutions for periodic beams and their control by forces is presented. Wave propagation in a periodic beam is studied. The transfer matrix between two consecutive unit cells is obtained based on the continuity conditions. Wave amplitudes are derived by employing the Bloch-Floquet theorem and the transfer matrix. The influences of the propagating constant on the wave amplitudes are considered. It is shown that vibrations are still needed to be suppressed in the pass-band regions. Wave-suppression strategy described in this paper is employed to eliminate the propagating disturbance of an infinite periodic beam. A minimum wave-suppression strategy is compared with the classical wave-suppression strategy.

Cobalt diselenide (001) surface with short-range Co-Co interaction triggering high-performance electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) still suffers from the bottleneck in electrocatalytic water splitting. Herein, in virtue of volcano plots drawn by theoretical calculation, the (001) facet was screened as the superb facet of orthorhombic CoSe_(2) for OER. Afterwards, CoSe_(2)(001) nanosheets were synthesized and the exposure ratio of (001) facet is controllable with thermodynamics methods effectively. The single-facet CoSe2(001) delivered an overpotential as low as 240 mV at 10 mA·cm^(−2) in 1 M KOH, which outperformed the bulk (380 mV) as well as other CoSe_(2)-base OER catalysts reported before. Especially, a shorter Co-Co path was observed in CoSe_(2)(001) by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Further density functional theory (DFT) studies revealed that the reversible compression on the shorter Co-Co path could regulate the electronic structure of active sites during the OER process, and thus the energy barrier of the rate-determining step was reduced by 0.15 eV. This work could inspire more insights on the modification of electronic structure for OER electrocatalysts.

The investigation of an amidine-based additive in the perovskite films and solar cells

Here,we introduced acetamidine（C2H3N2H3,Aa）-based salt as an additive in the fabrication of perovskite（CH3NH3PW3）layer for perovskite solar cells.It was found that as an amidine-based salt,this additive successfully enhanced the crystallinity of CH3NH3PW3 and helped to form smooth and uniform films with comparable grain size and full coverage.Besides,perovskite film with additive showed a much longer carrier lifetime and an obviously enhanced open-circuit voltage in the corresponding devices,indicating that the acetamidine-based salt can reduce the carrier recombination in both the film and device.We further demonstrate a promising perovskite device based on acetamidine salt by using a configuration of ITOATiO2/Perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au under 〈 150 ℃ fabrication condition.A power conversion efficiency（PCE）of 16.54%was achieved,which is much higher than the control device without acetamidine salt.These results present a simple method for film quality optimization of perovskite to further improve photovoltaic performances of perovskite solar cells,which may also benefit the exploration of A cation in perovskite materials.

Genome-wide search for candidate genes determining vertebrae number in pigs

Longer porcine carcasses may be expected to have more vertebrae. Therefore, vertebrae number in pigs is an economically important trait. To examine the genetic basis of this trait, we genotyped 578 F-2 Large White x Minzhu pigs using the Porcine SNP60K BeadChip. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 36 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the chromosomes SSC1 (294.28-300.32 Mb) and SSC7 (102.22-109.39 Mb). A 6.04-Mb region that contained all 13 significant SNPs on SSC1 also contained the gene NR6A1, previously reported to influence the number of vertebrae in pigs. However, the reported putative casual mutation of NR6A1 c. 748C > T showed no genome-wide significant association with the trait, suggesting it was not a causal mutation in our population. The remaining 23 significant SNPs on SSC7 were concentrated in a 7.17-Mb region, which was within a quantitative trait locus interval for number of vertebrae. TMED10 was the closest gene to the most significant SNP and might be a candidate. Haplotype sharing and block analysis refined the QTL to an interval of about 3 Mb containing 29 candidate genes. Of these 29 genes, the previously reported possible casual mutation of VRTN g. 19034A > C was not found to be a causal mutation in our population. Exploration of these genes via additional genetic and functional studies in mammals revealed that TGF beta 3 could be a good candidate on SSC7. A mutation of TGF beta 3 c. 1749G > A was detected by GWAS and could be proposed as a candidate causal mutation, or as closely linked to a causal mutation, for the number of vertebrae in pigs.

Healthy soils for sustainable food production and environmental quality

Soil is the foundation for sustainable foodproduction and environmental protection. Created byunsustainable land management practices and a range ofsocial, economic and environmental drivers, soil degrada-tion and pollution have been an ongoing threat tointernational food security and environmental quality.Soil degradation and pollution assessments are, however,often focused on the soil itself with little scope to devisenew soil management approaches that match foodproduction systems and/or environmentalprotection.This study draws lessons from an Australia-China JointResearch Center Program, Healthy Soils for SustainableFood Production and Environmental Quality: a researchplatform that has brought together multi-disciplinaryapproaches fromworld-renowned universitiesandresearch organizations in Australia and China. To thisend, a framework is presented for future soil managementin a new way that combines excellence in research,industry and policymakers in a partnership that will ensurenot only the right focus of the research but also that high-quality outputs will be transferable to industry and end-users.