AV-FDTI:Audio-visual fusion for drone threat identification

In response to the evolving challenges posed by small unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),which have the potential to transport harmful payloads or cause significant damage,we present AV-FDTI,an innovative Audio-Visual Fusion system designed for Drone Threat Identification.AV-FDTI leverages the fusion of audio and omnidirectional camera feature inputs,providing a comprehensive solution to enhance the precision and resilience of drone classification and 3D localization.Specifically,AV-FDTI employs a CRNN network to capture vital temporal dynamics within the audio domain and utilizes a pretrained ResNet50 model for image feature extraction.Furthermore,we adopt a visual information entropy and cross-attention-based mechanism to enhance the fusion of visual and audio data.Notably,our system is trained based on automated Leica tracking annotations,offering accurate ground truth data with millimeter-level accuracy.Comprehensive comparative evaluations demonstrate the superiority of our solution over the existing systems.In our commitment to advancing this field,we will release this work as open-source code and wearable AV-FDTI design,contributing valuable resources to the research community.

A survey on multi-agent reinforcement learning and its application

Multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL)has been a rapidly evolving field.This paper presents a comprehensive survey of MARL and its applications.We trace the historical evolution of MARL,highlight its progress,and discuss related survey works.Then,we review the existing works addressing inherent challenges and those focusing on diverse applications.Some representative stochastic games,MARL means,spatial forms of MARL,and task classification are revisited.We then conduct an in-depth exploration of a variety of challenges encountered in MARL applications.We also address critical operational aspects,such as hyperparameter tuning and computational complexity,which are pivotal in practical implementations of MARL.Afterward,we make a thorough overview of the applications of MARL to intelligent machines and devices,chemical engineering,biotechnology,healthcare,and societal issues,which highlights the extensive potential and relevance of MARL within both current and future technological contexts.Our survey also encompasses a detailed examination of benchmark environments used in MARL research,which are instrumental in evaluating MARL algorithms and demonstrate the adaptability of MARL to diverse application scenarios.In the end,we give our prospect for MARL and discuss their related techniques and potential future applications.

Exploration of Ideological and Political Materials for the Course of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry for Environmental and Ecological Engineering Major

Integrating ideological and political theories teaching into the whole process of classroom teaching construction is a new requirement for implementing the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue and playing the role of collaborative education.In order to realize the seamless integration of inorganic and analytical chemistry courses and ideological and political education,this paper summarizes the current situation of ideological and political research on inorganic and analytical chemistry courses in three major databases in China(VIP,CNKI and Wanfang),and sorts out the knowledge points,ideological and political elements and educational goals according to the content of the course chapters,to provide a basic guarantee for the ideological and political education construction of the course.

Research and Practice on the Construction of Professional Cluster in Application-Oriented Local Undergraduate Universities:Taking Environ-mental Chemical Engineering Professional Cluster in Pingdingshan University as an Example

Based on the analysis of the importance of professional cluster construction by ecological theory,with the change of social demand for talents,this paper explores the practice of environmental chemical professional cluster construction in Pingdingshan University,including gradually perfecting teaching conditions and reforming teaching mode,breaking through the limitations of resources,integrating the boundaries of colleges and departments,integrating multiple resources,innovating systems and mechanisms,reconstructing professional clusters,decon-structing professional connotations,reorganizing curriculum systems,etc.,in order to better build the ecological chain network of education in application-oriented colleges and universities,realize the deep integration of industry and education,train future-oriented interdisciplinary applied talents of new engineering,and realize the construction of characteristic professional cluster in application-oriented colleges.

Genome-wide association study of vitamin E in sweet corn kernels

Vitamin E,consisting of tocopherols and tocotrienols,serves as a lipid-soluble antioxidant in sweet corn kernels,providing nutrients to both plants and humans.Though the key genes involved in the vitamin E biosynthesis pathway have been identified in plants,the genetic architecture of vitamin E content in sweet corn kernels remains largely unclear.In the present study,an association panel of 204 inbred lines of sweet corn was constructed.Seven compounds of vitamin E were quantified in sweet corn kernels at 28 days after pollination.A total of 119 loci for vitamin E were identified using a genome-wide association study based on genotyping by sequencing,and a genetic network of vitamin E was constructed.Candidate genes identified were involved mainly in RNA regulation and protein metabolism.The known gene ZmVTE4,encodingγ-tocopherol methyltransferase,was significantly associated with four traits(α-tocopherol,α-tocotrienol,theα/γ-tocopherol ratio,and theα/γ-tocotrienol ratio).The effects of two causative markers on ZmVTE4 were validated by haplotype analysis.Finally,two elite cultivars(Yuetian 9 and Yuetian 22)with a 4.5-fold increase in the sum ofα-andγ-tocopherols were developed by marker-assisted selection,demonstrating the successful biofortification of sweet corn.Three genes(DAHPS,ADT2,and cmu2)involved in chorismate and tyrosine synthesis were significantly associated with theα/γ-tocotrienol ratio.These results shed light on the genetic architecture of vitamin E and may accelerate the nutritional improvement of sweet corn.

Optimal full-order filtering for discrete-time systems with random measurement delays and multiple packet dropouts

This paper is concerned with the estimation problem for discrete-time stochastic linear systems with possible single unit delay and multiple packet dropouts. Based on a proposed uncertain model in data transmission, an optimal full-order filter for the state of the system is presented, which is shown to be of the form of employing the received outputs at the current and last time instants. The solution to the optimal filter is given in terms of a Riccati difference equation governed by two binary random variables. The optimal filter is reduced to the standard Kalman filter when there are no random delays and packet dropouts. The steady-state filter is also investigated. A sufficient condition for the existence of the steady-state filter is given. The asymptotic stability of the optimal filter is analyzed.

Road Pricing Design Based on Game Theory and Multi-agent Consensus

Consensus theory and noncooperative game theory respectively deal with cooperative and noncooperative interactions among multiple players/agents. They provide a natural framework for road pricing design, since each motorist may myopically optimize his or her own utility as a function of road price and collectively communicate with his or her friends and neighbors on traffic situation at the same time. This paper considers the road pricing design by using game theory and consensus theory. For the case where a system supervisor broadcasts information on the overall system to each agent, we present a variant of standard fictitious play called average strategy fictitious play(ASFP) for large-scale repeated congestion games.Only a weighted running average of all other players actions is assumed to be available to each player. The ASFP reduces the burden of both information gathering and information processing for each player. Compared to the joint strategy fictitious play(JSFP) studied in the literature, the updating process of utility functions for each player is avoided. We prove that there exists at least one pure strategy Nash equilibrium for the congestion game under investigation, and the players actions generated by the ASFP with inertia(players reluctance to change their previous actions) converge to a Nash equilibrium almost surely. For the case without broadcasting, a consensus protocol is introduced for individual agents to estimate the percentage of players choosing each resource, and the convergence property of players action profile is still ensured. The results are applied to road pricing design to achieve socially local optimal trip timing. Simulation results are provided based on the real traffic data for the Singapore case study.

Soaking seed with paclobutrazol increased tolerance of juvenile oilseed rape to waterlogging

Global increase in demand for edible plant oil along with changing climates has led to a greater need to grow oilseed rape even in wet and humid environments.To find effective measures to increase tolerance of juvenile oilseed rape to waterlogging is vitally important.A pot experiment was conducted to investigate effects of soaking seed in paclobutrazol(PBZ)solution(0(W),0.1(P1),0.3(P2)or 0.5(P3)g/L)on the growth of juvenile oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.cv.‘Zhongshuang 11’).Seed soaking with water without waterlogging was used as a control.Results showed that waterlogging decreased oilseed rape growth significantly;however,soaking seed with lower doses of PBZ(P1 and P2)significantly ameliorated the decrease in plant dry weight caused by waterlogging.Compared with W,both root dry weights and shoot dry weights of P1 and P2 treatments were significantly increased at 5 d and 10 d after waterlogging,and photosynthetic pigment contents and antioxidative enzyme activities were increased by P2 treatment at both 2 samples.Since it is labor saving and economical,soaking seed with an optimal dose(0.3 g/L)of PBZ might be an efficient way to improve waterlogging tolerance of oilseed rape.

SPAD chorophyll meter was suitable in nitrogen quick diagnosis,yield forecast and fertilization recommendation in rapeseed(Brassica napus L. )

Nitrogen （N） is one of the most important nutrients for oilseed rape （Brassica napus L . ） , but there is a lack of quick diagnosis and recommended fertilization. Three field experiments were con-ducted to seek the best diagnostic method and establish a fertilizer rate recommendation model. For ex-periment 1, six treatments as application N 0,90,180,240,300 and 400kg ha -1 were designed, and the general N nutrition diagnosis method as SPAD -502 chlorophyll meter, RQflex plus 10 nitrate reflectrom- eter and GreenSeeker - 505 spectrometer were used at eight leaf stage, tenth leaf stage and bolting stage of rape to determine the suitable nitrogen rapid diagnosis method and establish the model of yield forecast and N rate recommendation as topdressing. The experiment 2 was designed to validate the veracity of yield forecast model obtained from experiment 1. The experiment 3 was designed to test the accuracy of N rate recommendation model come from experiment 1. The results indicated that there is a preferable inter-relation between N application rates and rape yield for experiment 1 （ y = - 0. 0176x2 ＋ 11. 136x ＋797. 88 ,R2 =0. 9905 ＊ ＊ ） , which conform to the performance of yield variation with N application levels as shortage, appropriate and excessive rapeseed. For three diagnosis methods, nitrate reflectrometer could reflect rape N nutrition status to some extent, but which influenced by rapeseed physiological char-acteristics such as lower biomass at seedling stage and luxury absorption of N at bolting stage, and the re-liability and stability of diagnosis were inferior. Spectrometer is suitable for quick N nutrition diagnosis at bolting stage, but the stage of topdressing is too late to meet the demand of N support. SPAD meter could more suitable in quick N diagnosis of oilseed rapes since it could reflect rape N nutrition preferable, and it has some advantages such as the strong stability, easy measuring and lower cost in detection. By SPAD meter, model of yield forecast yforeCastyield =370. 517xSPAD value -13310.3 （x 〈42. 54） and recommended N rate yR_dedNrate =162.7-[（370.517xSPADTflliie- 13 10. 3 ）/10. 0617 - 76. 7398 ] （x〈42.54） were established. For experiment 2, the actual yield and forecast yield showed good correlation （y = 0. 5022 ＋2244. 3x, R2 =0. 7852 ＊ ） . For experiment 3 , the amount of topdressing N calculate from recommended N rate model were put forward, and the yield for different treatments had no significant difference. Total-ly ,SPAD chlorophyll meter could be used in quick N nutrition diagnosis, forecast yield and N recommen-dation of oilseed rape.

Infinite horizon LQR for systems with multiple delays in a single input channel

This paper is concerned with the linear quadratic regulation （LQR） problem for both linear discrete-time systems and linear continuous-time systems with multiple delays in a single input channel. Our solution is given in terms of the solution to a two-dimensional Riccati difference equation for the discrete-time case and a Riccati partial differential equation for the continuous-time case. The conditions for convergence and stability are provided.

Research on the Peanut Leaf Etiolation Prevention and Film Mulching Effect in Hubei Province

The possible nutrient problems existing in leaf etiolation,the influence of film mulching on the yield of peanut and benefits of balanced fertilization were analyzed. The results showed that the deficiency of nutrient elements was not main limiting factor in leaf etiolation of peanut in Hong'an. Deep trench,film mulching,liming and organic manure could be used to prevent leaf etiolation. The film mulching could increase the yield of peanut by improving the rate of germination and seedling,the number of branches and full pod,and it was beneficial to playing the effect of balanced fertilization.

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Response of Persimmon Plants under Salt Stress

[Objectives]To study the photosynthetic response mechanism of persimmon seedlings to salt stress.[Methods]The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Diospyros virginiana and Diospyros lotus seedlings under 4%salt stress were studied by pot culture salt control method,including the minimal fluorescence(F_(0)),maximum fluorescence(F_(m)),potential activity of PS II(F_(v)/F_(0)),maximum photochemical efficiency of PS II(F_(v)/F_(m)),electron transport rate(ETR),actual photochemical efficiency of PS II(Y II),and photochemical quenching coefficient(q_(p)).[Results]Under 4%salt stress,the maximum fluorescence(F_(m)),maximum photochemical efficiency of PS II(F v/F m),and photochemical quenching coefficient(q_(p))of two persimmon plants decreased with time.The potential activity of PS II(F_(v)/F_(0)),actual photochemical efficiency of PS II(Y_(II)),and electron transport rate(ETR)decreased under salt stress.[Conclusions]This study indicates that the PS II reaction center in the persimmon leaves was damaged and the electron transport at the acceptor side was damaged under salt stress.It is expected to lay a foundation for the analysis of salt-tolerance mechanism of persimmon plants.

2-D distributed pose estimation of multi-agent systems using bearing measurements

This article studies distributed pose(orientation and position)estimation of leader–follower multi-agent systems over𝜅-layer graphs in 2-D plane.Only the leaders have access to their orientations and positions,while the followers can measure the relative bearings or(angular and linear)velocities in their unknown local coordinate frames.For the orientation estimation,the local relative bearings are used to obtain the relative orientations among the agents,based on which a distributed orientation estimation algorithm is proposed for each follower to estimate its orientation.For the position estimation,the local relative bearings are used to obtain the position constraints among the agents,and a distributed position estimation algorithm is proposed for each follower to estimate its position by solving its position constraints.Both the orientation and position estimation errors converge to zero asymptotically.A simulation example is given to verify the theoretical results.

Deep learning and transfer learning for device-free human activity recognition:A survey

Device-free activity recognition plays a crucial role in smart building,security,and human–computer interaction,which shows its strength in its convenience and cost-efficiency.Traditional machine learning has made significant progress by heuristic hand-crafted features and statistical models,but it suffers from the limitation of manual feature design.Deep learning overcomes such issues by automatic high-level feature extraction,but its performance degrades due to the requirement of massive annotated data and cross-site issues.To deal with these problems,transfer learning helps to transfer knowledge from existing datasets while dealing with the negative effect of background dynamics.This paper surveys the recent progress of deep learning and transfer learning for device-free activity recognition.We begin with the motivation of deep learning and transfer learning,and then introduce the major sensor modalities.Then the deep and transfer learning techniques for device-free human activity recognition are introduced.Eventually,insights on existing works and grand challenges are summarized and presented to promote future research.

IAA involved in root growth of rapeseed in response to waterlogging

Waterlogging is frequently stressed rapeseed growth. Under this stress, plant is in state of hypoxia which limits aerobic respiration and energy metabolism. Promoting root growth is an adaptive strategy of terrestrial plants in response to waterlogging stress. Auxin plays important roles in root growth. However, the effects of auxin on rapeseed root growth under waterlogging stress remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated endoge-nous IAA levels and root growth of rapeseed under hypoxia stress （H）, hypoxia treatment with IAA（HI）f PCIB （an auxin action inhibitor, HP） or TIBA（an auxin polar-transport inhibi-tor, HT） through hydroponic experiment. Pot experiment was further employed to evaluate effects of exogenous IAA on growth of rapeseed under waterlogging stress by foliar spray-ing. Results from hydroponic showed that compared with control （CK）, hypoxia significantly decreased rapeseed growth after 48 hours treatment, while HI dramatically alleviated the depression. In contrast, HP and HT aggravated growth depression by hypoxia stress, as indicated by obvious decrease in root and shoot dry weight. Under hypoxia stress, alter-ation in root growth, especially for lateral roots with a diameter 〈1.5 mm was positively related with IAA levels in roots. Pot experiment further proved those findings. These results suggested that endogenous IAA might be involved in root growth of rapeseed response to waterlogging stress. Furthermore, foliar spraying with moderate IAA increased rapeseed growth underwaterlogging stress through promoting endogenous lAA-caused root growth. This work provided an available method to improve rapeseed tolerance to waterlogging in soil.

Game-theoretic multi-agent motion planning in a mixed environment

The motion planning problem for multi-agent systems becomes particularly challenging when humans or human-controlled robots are present in a mixed environment.To address this challenge,this paper presents an interaction-aware motion planning approach based on game theory in a receding-horizon manner Leveraging the framework provided by dynamic potential games for handling the interactions among agents,this approach formulates the multi-agent motion planning problem as a differential potential game,highlighting the effectiveness of constrained potential games in facilitating interactive motion planning among agents.Furthermore,online learning techniques are incorporated to dynamically learn the unknown preferences and models of humans or human-controlled robots through the analysis of observed data.To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach,numerical simulations are conducted,demonstrating its capability to generate interactive trajectories for all agents,including humans and human-controlled agents,operating within the mixed environment.The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in handling the complexities of multi-agent motion planning in real-world scenarios.

Learning the continuous-time optimal decision law from discrete-time rewards

The concept of reward is fundamental in reinforcement learning with a wide range of applications in natural and social sciences.Seeking an interpretable reward for decision-making that largely shapes the system's behavior has always been a challenge in reinforcement learning.In this work,we explore a discrete-time reward for reinforcement learning in continuous time and action spaces that represent many phenomena captured by applying physical laws.We find that the discrete-time reward leads to the extraction of the unique continuous-time decision law and improved computational efficiency by dropping the integrator operator that appears in classical results with integral rewards.We apply this finding to solve output-feedback design problems in power systems.The results reveal that our approach removes an intermediate stage of identifying dynamical models.Our work suggests that the discrete-time reward is efficient in search of the desired decision law,which provides a computational tool to understand and modify the behavior of large-scale engineering systems using the optimal learned decision.

德国资历框架内容体系的特点及启示

德国资历框架现已进入全面实施与评估阶段,其内容体系建设已较为完善。在德国资历框架建设的过程中逐渐在综合能力描述、职业资格与学历资格等值沟通、对现有教育体系影响边界等方面形成了自身特色。其框架中以综合能力为导向的学习成果描述、职业教育与普通教育等值不同类的论证、对现有教育领域内部资格体系的不可替代性,对德国资历框架确立建设基础、解决建设难点、设立建设边界等具有突出作用,也能为我国综合性资历框架构建提供有益的启示。

Investigation on the mechanism of YQHX against cerebral ischemic injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Cerebral ischemia(CI)is the world’s second-largest lethal disease,with a high recurrence and teratogenic rate.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)YQHX(a pharmaceutical preparation from herbs)has a certain effect in the clinical treatment of CI,while its underlying mechanism remains largely undetermined.To explore the potential mechanism,we used network pharmacology and molecular docking in the present study.TCMSP and CNKI databases were used to explore the active ingredients of YQHX;the Pharmmapper database was used to get the ingredient targets;the OMIM,GeneCards,and DisGeNET databases were used to obtain the disease targets;the Venn diagram was used to obtain the intersection targets,the Cytoscape was used to visualize results and plug-in MCODE to obtain core targets;the Metascape database was used to perform GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses on core targets.The top 20 KEGG pathway enrichment pathways were used to construct the“ingredient-target-pathway”network by Cytoscape;the top 10 ingredients and the top five protein targets were used for molecular docking with AutoDock Vina software,and PyMoL and Ligplus software were used to visualize the results.A total of 83 active ingredients were screened from YQHX.Moreover,432 corresponding targets,2005 disease-related targets,and 140 drug-disease intersection targets were obtained.GO biological function and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses yielded 507 biological function entries and 141 signaling pathways.KEGG pathway enrichment was mainly involved in cell proliferation,adhesion,migration,and other processes.Molecular docking results showed that the key ingredients and core targets screened had a strong binding activity,including EGFR,MAP2K1,and KDR.The combination of miltionone I and miltiodiol was relatively stable.The main biological mechanism of YQHX in the treatment of CI might play a role through the signaling pathway related to the tyrosine kinase receptor,which was also the improvement of the theory of“benefiting qi and activating blood circulation for promoting the production of blood and blood vessels”.

Distributed optimal consensus of multiple double integrators under bounded velocity and acceleration

This paper studies a distributed optimal consensus problem for multiple double integrators under bounded velocity and acceleration. Assigned with an in dividual and private convex cost which is dependent on the position, each age nt n eeds to achieve consensus at the optimum of the aggregate cost under bounded velocity and acceleration. Based on relative positions and velocities to neighbor agents, we design a distributed control law by including the integration feedback of position and velocity errors. By employing quadratic Lyapunov functions, we solve the optimal consensus problem of double-integrators when the fixed topology is strongly connected and weight-balanced. Furthermore, if an initial estimate of the optimum can be known, then control gains can be properly selected to achieve an exponentially fast convergence under bounded velocity and acceleration. The result still holds when the relative velocity is not available, and we also discuss an extension for heterogeneous Euler-Lagrange systems by in verse dynamics control. A nu meric example is provided to illustrate the result.