由质子化D-A型聚合物和MoS_(2)构建S型异质结实现高效光催化析氢

化石能源的过度消耗及其所引发的环境污染已经成为制约人类社会可持续发展的关键因素,因此开发绿色、可再生的能源已成为全球的迫切需求.氢能作为一种新型能源,具有能量密度高、清洁以及可持续等优点,备受研究者的关注.光催化分解水制氢技术能够将太阳能转化为可储存的清洁能源,被视为未来解决能源和环境问题的可行性方案.在过去几十年里,众多科学家致力于研发各种高效的析氢光催化剂,以推进光催化分解水制氢技术的实际应用.其中,S型异质结光催化剂因其快速的光生电荷转移效率和出色的氧化还原能力,被认为是提高光催化析氢性能的有效途径之一.本文以质子化、具有供体-受体(D-A)构型的PyDTDO-3共轭聚合物和二维层状MoS_(2)为原料,构建了一种S型异质结(PPMS),并将其用于光催化分解水制氢.红外光谱结果表明,质子化处理导致PyDTDO-3表面吸附了大量H^(+),使其Zeta电势降低,表面负电荷减少,更有利于MoS_(2)的吸附,进而形成具有紧密接触界面的PPMS S型异质结.在可见光照射下,PPMS-0.5%(即MoS_(2)占PyDTDO-3的质量百分数为0.5%)S型异质结的性能最佳,其光催化析氢效率达到75.4 mmol g^(–1)h^(–1),是纯PyDTDO-3的4.6倍.此外,在550 nm光激发下,PPMS-0.5%异质结的光催化析氢表观量子效率最高达到19.6%.光电流响应和电化学阻抗谱结果表明,PPMS异质结展现出了显著提升的光生电荷分离效率.通过密度泛函理论计算发现,PyDTDO-3和MoS_(2)具有不同的功函数,这导致费米能级间隙的产生,从而形成了内建电场.该内建电场有助于MoS_(2)上的电子自发转移到PyDTDO-3上,从而在PyDTDO-3与MoS_(2)的界面上产生了明显的差分电荷密度分布:PyDTDO-3表面带有负电荷,MoS_(2)表面则带有正电荷.在可见光激发下,得益于PyDTDO-3独特的D-A型结构,光生电子可以快速从供体(芘供体)的最高占据分子轨道传递到受体(DTDO受体)的最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO);随后,这些被激发的光生电子进入MoS_(2)的表面.利用飞秒瞬态吸收光谱研究动力学行为,结果表明,来自PyDTDO-3的LUMO电子转移加速了MoS_(2)价带的空穴消耗,这进一步证实了S型光生电荷分离机制.此外,与单组分PyDTDO-3和MoS_(2)相比,PPMS S型异质结具有较低的吉布斯自由能(ΔGH*,0.77 eV),表明它更有利于过渡态(H*)的形成以及分子氢在PPMS上的有效解吸.总之,PPMS S型异质结表现出促进的电荷定向迁移和增加的活性位点,共同增强了其光催化析氢性能.综上,本文首先对D-A构型的PyDTDO-3进行质子化处理,再与MoS_(2)复合,制备了具有紧密接触界面的S型PPMS异质结.该异质结结构显著促进了PyDTDO-3和MoS_(2)之间的电荷定向迁移;此外,通过引入MoS_(2)中丰富的S原子,增加了光催化析氢活性位点,从而大大提高了光催化析氢效率.本文为设计和开发新型高效的光催化析氢材料提供了新的思路和参考.

Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer alleviates the kernel position effect in summer maize by promoting post-silking nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation

Adjusting agronomic measures to alleviate the kernel position effect in maize is important for ensuring high yields.In order to clarify whether the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer(CAOFCF)can alleviate the kernel position effect of summer maize,field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons,and five treatments were assessed:CF,100%chemical fertilizer;OFCF1,15%organic fertilizer+85%chemical fertilizer;OFCF2,30%organic fertilizer+70%chemical fertilizer;OFCF3,45%organic fertilizer+55%chemical fertilizer;and OFCF4,60%organic fertilizer+40%chemical fertilizer.Compared with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments significantly alleviated the kernel position effect by increasing the weight ratio of inferior kernels to superior kernels and reducing the weight gap between the superior and inferior kernels.These effects were largely due to the improved filling and starch accumulation of inferior kernels.However,there were no obvious differences in the kernel position effect among plants treated with CF,OFCF3,or OFCF4 in most cases.Leaf area indexes,post-silking photosynthetic rates,and net assimilation rates were higher in plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2 than in those treated with CF,reflecting an enhanced photosynthetic capacity and improved postsilking dry matter accumulation(DMA)in the plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2.Compared with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments increased post-silking N uptake by 66.3 and 75.5%,respectively,which was the major factor driving post-silking photosynthetic capacity and DMA.Moreover,the increases in root DMA and zeatin riboside content observed following the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments resulted in reduced root senescence,which is associated with an increased post-silking N uptake.Analyses showed that post-silking N uptake,DMA,and grain yield in summer maize were negatively correlated with the kernel position effect.In conclusion,the combined application of 15-30%organic fertilizer and 70-85%chemical fertilizer alleviated the kernel position effect in summer maize by improving post-silking N uptake and DMA.These results provide new insights into how CAOFCF can be used to improve maize productivity.

Inkjet-Printing Controlled Phase Evolution Boosts the Efficiency of Hole Transport Material Free and Carbon-Based CsPbBr_(3) Perovskite Solar Cells Exceeding 9%

Hole transport material free carbon-based all-inorganic CsPbBr_(3)perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are promising for commercialization due to its low-cost,high open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))and superior stability.Due to the different solubility of PbBr_(2)and CsBr in conventional solvents,CsPbBr_(3)films are mainly obtained by multi-step spin-coating through the phase evolution from PbBr_(2)to CsPb_(2)Br_(5)and then to CsPbBr_(3).The scalable fabrication of high-quality CsPbBr_(3)films has been rarely studied.Herein,an inkjet-printing method is developed to prepare high-quality CsPbBr_(3)films.The formation of long-range crystalline CsPb_(2)Br_(5)phase can effectively improve phase purity and promote regular crystal stacking of CsPbBr_(3).Consequently,the inkjet-printed CsPbBr_(3)C-PSCs realized PCEs up to 9.09%,8.59%and 7.81%with active areas of 0.09,0.25,and 1 cm^(2),respectively,demonstrating the upscaling potential of our fabrication method and devices.This high performance is mainly ascribed to the high purity,strong crystal orientation,reduced surface roughness and lower trap states density of the as-printed CsPbBr_(3)films.This work provides insights into the relationship between the phase evolution mechanisms and crystal growth dynamics of cesium lead bromide halide films.

The impact of land use change on soil organic carbon and labile organic carbon stocks in the Longzhong region of Loess Plateau

Land use change （LUC） is widely recognized as one of the most important driving forces of global carbon cycles. The soil organic carbon （SOC） and labile organic carbon （LOC） stores were investigated at arable land （AL）, artificial grassland （AG）, artificial woodland （AW）, abandoned arable land （AAL） and desert steppe （DS） in the Longzhong region of the Loess Plateau in Northwest China. The results showed that conversions from DS to AL, AL to AG and AL to AAL led to an increase in SOC content, while the conversion from DS to AW led to a decline. The differences in SOC content were significant between DS and AW at the 20-40 cm depth and between AL and AG at the 0-10 cm depth. The SOC stock in DS at the 0-100 cm depth was 39.4 t/hm2, increased by 28.48% after cultivation and decreased by 19.12% after conversion to AW. The SOC stocks increased by 2.11% from AL to AG and 5.10% from AL to AAL. The LOC stocks changed by a larger magnitude than the SOC stocks, which suggests that it is a more sensitive index of carbon dynamics under a short-term LUC. The LOC stocks increased at 0-20 cm and 0-100 cm depths from DS to AW, which is opposite to that observed for SOC. The proportion of LOC to SOC ranged from 0.14 to 0.20 at the 0-20 cm depth for all the five land use types, indicating low SOC dynamics. The allocation proportion of LOC increased for four types of LUC conversion, and the change in magnitude was largest for DS to AW （40.91%）. The afforestation, abandonment and forage planting on arable land led to sequestration of SOC; the carbon was lost initially after afforestation. However, the carbon sink effect after abandonment may not be sustainable in the study area.

Reconstruction of tyrosol synthetic pathways in Escherichia coli

Tyrosol is a pharmacologically active phenolic compound widely used in the medicine and chemical industries.Traditional methods of plant extraction are complicated and chemical synthesis of tyrosol is not commercially viable. In this study, a recombinant Escherichia coli strain was constructed by overexpressing the phenylpyruvate decarboxylase ARO10 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which could produce tyrosol from glucose. Furthermore,genes encoding key enzymes from the competing phenylalanine and tyrosine synthesis pathways and the repression protein TyrR were eliminated, and the resulting engineered strain generated 3.57 mmol·L^(-1) tyrosol from glucose. More significantly, codon optimization of ARO10 increased expression and tyrosol titer. Using the novel engineered strain expressing codon-optimized AR10 in shake-flask culture, 8.72 mmol·L^(-1) tyrosol was obtained after 48 h. Optimization of the induction conditions improved tyrosol production to 9.53 mmol·L^(-1)(1316.3 mg·L^(-1)). A higher titer of tyrosol was achieved by reconstruction of tyrosol synthetic pathway in E. coli.

Assessment of wetland fragmentation in the middle reaches of the Heihe River by the type change tracker model

The quantitative research of wetland landscape fragmentation in the middle reaches of the Heihe River is important for the wetland and oasis sustainable development in the Hexi Corridor. Based on the data of remote sensing and GIS, we constructed the type change tracker model with sliding window technique and spatially mor- phological rule. The suitable scale and optimum scale of the fragmentation model of wetland landscape in the middle reaches of the Heihe River were determined by the area frequency statistics method, Chi-square distribution normal- ized scale variance, fractal dimension and diversity index. By integrating type change tracker model and the optimum scale with GIS spatial analysis, the spatial distribution characteristics of wetland landscape fragmentation in different periods and the related spatial-temporal change process were clarified. The results showed that （1） the type change tracker model, which analyzes the spatial pattern of wetland fragmentation on the pixel level, is better than the tradi- tional wetland fragmentation analysis on the landscape and patch levels; （2） The suitable scale for the wetland frag- mentation ranged from 150 rex150 m to 450 mx450 m and the optimum scale was 250 mx250 m in the middle reaches of the Heihe River; and （3） In the past 35 years, the total wetland area decreased by 23.2% and the frag- mentatJon of wetland markedly increased in the middle reaches of the Heihe River. The areas of core wetlands re- duced by 12.8% and the areas of perforated, edge and patch wetlands increased by 0.8%, 3.1% and 8.9%, respec- tively. The process of wetland fragmentation in the research region showed the order of core wetland, perforated or edge wetland, patch wetland or non-wetland. The results of this study would provide a reference for the protection, utilization and restoration of limited wetland resources and for the sustainable development of the regional eco-environment in the Heihe River Basin.

Effects of Mowing Heights on N₂O Emission from Temperate Grasslands in Inner Mongolia, Northern China

Grazing and mowing are two common practices for grassland management. Mowing is now recommended as an alternative to the traditional grazing for grassland conservation in Inner Mongolia, northern China. Many studies have revealed that mowing may alter ecosystem properties in various ways. However, little attention has been paid to the effect of mowing on trace gas emissions, especially on N2O flux. We conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of mowing on N2O fluxes from the semiarid grassland in Inner Mongolia. The mowing experiment, which started in 2003, comprised four mowing intensity treatments, i.e. mowing heights at 2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm above the soil surface, respectively, and a control (non-mowing), with five replicates. Gas fluxes were measured through a closed static chamber technique during the growing seasons (usually from May to September, depending on local climate at the time) of 2008 and 2009, respectively. Our results showed that mowing decreased N2O emissions, above-ground biomass and total litter production. N2O emissions were greater in May and June than in other sampling periods, regardless of treatments (P 2O fluxes were mainly driven by variations in soil moisture, except in July and August. In July and August, above-ground plant biomass and soil total nitrogen became the major drivers of N2O fluxes under the soil temperatures between 16 ° C and 18 ° C. Though there were some uncertainties due to the low frequency of N2O flux measurement, our study mainly indicated that 5 cm mowing height might decrease N2O emissions in grasslands during the growing season, and soil properties affected the magnitude of the reduction.

Calculation of the Added Mass of a Liquid Tank's Bulkheads

The added mass coefficient and the water level index formulas for the same-phase and anti-phase vibration of rectangular liquid tanks' bulkheads were derived based on dry mode theory. Three fluid-structure interaction numerical methods including Fluid FEM and Fluid BEM were used in this case. The comparison of numerical and theoretical results by the present method shows that ANSYS/Fluid80 is more credible, the NASTRAN/Virtual Mass Method is more suitable for engineering calculations and results of the same-phase vibration by the present method is more accurate.

Seasonal variation and ecological importance of tannin and nutrient concentrations in Casuarina equisetifolia branchlets and fine roots

In this study,we investigated the effects of environmental factors on plant phenolic variability,seasonal dynamics of total phenolic content(TP),extractable condensed tannins(ECT),protein-bound condensed tannins(PBCT),fiber-bound condensed tannins(FBCT),total condensed tannins(TCT),protein precipitation capacity(PPC)and nutrient content in the branchlets and fine roots of Casuarina equisetifolia.TP and TCT concentrations in branchlets were lowest in the spring,then increased in summer and autumn,similar to the seasonal dynamics in air temperature.TP and TCT concentrations in fine roots were highest in summer,coinciding with heavy precipitation.In general,TP and TCT concentrations were higher in branchlets than in fine roots.No significant difference was found in C concentration among various seasons for either branchlets or fine roots.Branchlets had significantly higher N and P concentrations than fine roots in most seasons.The C/N and N/P ratios in branchlets were significantly lower than in fine roots in all seasons,except summer.The relationship between branchlets and fine roots was significant for C,P and FBCT,but no significant relationships were found for N,TP,ECT,PBCT and TCT.Additionally,TP and TCT content were each significantly correlated with PPC in branchlets and in fine roots.Both TP/N and TCT/N ratios were highest in the autumn for the branchlets and in the summer for fine roots.The results indicate that high temperatures lead to increased tannin production in branchlets,but that the tannin content in fine roots is mainly affected by precipitation.Tannin content was greater in branchlets than in fine roots,which may indicate that selective pressure is greater on branchlets than on fine roots.

一个Toda晶格方程的条件对称

本文把离散的Lie点对称群分析方法应用于一个非线性微分–差分Toda晶格方程(即Toda-like晶格方程)。即首先应用Lie点对称方法约化Toda晶格方程,用以得到此方程对应的超定方程,再引入一个约化条件解超定方程,从而对该Toda晶格方程进行了相似约化,进而得到了其新的精确解。

Detection of early-stage research fronts——An example of complex networks research

Purpose:This study aims to detect research fronts of a scientific field in its early development stage using bibliometric indicators developed based on the features of research fronts.Design/methodology/approach:We first focused on conceptualization of'research fronts'and outlined 4 indicators to measure different aspects of the concept:Innovation,timeliness,stability and interdisciplinarity.Then research specialties obtained based on direct citation networks were evaluated with the 4 indicators and research fronts were identified.Finally,methodology was illustrated and verified in the research domain of complex networks.Findings:The results indicate that the proposed method is useful in detecting research fronts in a specific field which is at an early development stage.Research limitations:The quality of clustering results was not assessed.It needs to be further studied whether the method can be applicable to the fields that evolve slowly such as mathematics or are highly specialized like entomology and zoology.Practical implications:This study helps researchers keep abreast of emerging trends and policy-makers formulate science and technology policies and strategic plans.Originality/value:This research provides insights into a quantitative assessment method to detect research fronts of a scientific field in its early development stage.

A Line-Surface Integrated Algorithm for Underwater Terrain Matching

The current underwater terrain surface matching algorithm,which uses Hu moment as the similarity index,cannot gain accurate location due to the algorithm’s disadvantage in detecting slight differences.To solve this problem,a line-surface integrated terrain matching algorithm is presented.First,the similarity evaluation method of the traditional Terrain Contour Matching(TERCOM)algorithm is improved,and the strategy used to select the matching regions is developed.Then,a surface matching algorithm based on the geometric similarity is established to determine the optimum match between the reference maps and the actual measured terrains.Finally,a means of“line matching algorithm”and“surface matching algorithm”integration is proposed based on a fixed threshold.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain a more accurate location and has greater robustness than that of the surface underwater matching algorithm based on Hu moment.

Physi-Chemical Property Research of Polysaccharides from Pomegranate Flowers

Pomegranate flowers as row materials were used for extraction of polysaccharides by water-extraction and alcohol-precipitation method. After purification, the physical and chemical properties, structure, monosaccharide composition and molecular weight were studied. The results showed that the polysaccharides from pomegranate flowers mainly contained two kinds of water soluble acidic polysaccharides, and monosaccharide composition were arabinose and galactose, both contained hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, hydroxyl radical, sulfate, beta glycosidic bond and alpha glycosidic bond structure. The molecular weight of PP1 and PP2 were 6.16 × 104 (±6.6%) and 9.01 × 104 (±3.2%), respectively. The results of this study laid the foundation for further development and application of polysaccharides from pomegranate flowers.

A Collaborative Simplification Method for Multiple Coastlines Based on the Hierarchical Triangulation Network Partition

For the current automatic coastline generalization method,only one-line element is considered separately,but the relationship between the nearby elements is not effectively considered.A synergistic simplification method for multiple coastlines based on the hierarchical triangulation network partition(HTNP)is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the constrained Delaunay triangulation is constructed to partition the regions that can be simplified.Then,a hierarchical binary tree model to structure the morphological characteristics of the above several coastlines and the spatial proximity between different coastlines is constructed.Finally,the small curved and curved invisible parts of the coastline are deleted according to the visual constraints,and the narrow part between the coastline itself or the different coastlines is exaggerated appropriately,and the automatic simplification of the coastline is realized.The experimental results show that:①Relationships between the different coastlines are considered,and the shortcomings of considering the coastline separately are overcome;②Under the condition of the multiple coastlines in complex sea areas,the problem of collaborative simplification is solved,the quality of the coastlines are improved obviously,and the proposed method can be applied into more types of coastlines.

Determination of Content of VB_2 Tablet with Fluorescence Fiber-optic Chemical Sensor

[Objective]Using fiber optic chemical sensor based fluorescence method to accurately determine the content of VB2tablets.[Method]VB2tablets were dissolved in aqueous solution and the detection system of fiber optic chemical sensor based fluorescence method was used to measure the spectrum of the solution and to quantitative analyze the content of VB2.[Result]With this method the maximum emission wavelength of VB2was 533 nm.The mass concentration was3.2×10^-5-8×10^-4mg/ml,which had good linear relationship with fluorescence intensity.The detection line was 1.55×10^-8mg/ml and within-day precision was 0.19%while day to day precision was 1.2%,and the recovery was 97.9%-105.1%.[Conclusion]The degree of accuracy was high and the detection line was low when this method was used to determine the content of VB2tablets,and the results were satisfactory.

Cloning and bioinformatical analysis of the N-terminus of the sonic hedgehog gene

The sonic hedgehog protein not only plays a key role in early embryonic development, but also has essential effects on the adult nervous system, including neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation migration and neuronal axon guidance. The N-terminal fragment of sonic hedgehog is the key functional element in this process. Therefore, this study aimed to clone and analyze the N-terminal fragment of the sonic hedgehog gene. Total RNA was extracted from the notochord of a Sprague-Dawley rat at embryonic day 9 and the N-terminal fragment of sonic hedgehog was amplified by nested reverse transcription-PCR. The N-terminal fragment of the sonic hedgehog gene was successfully cloned. The secondary and tertiary structures of the N-terminal fragment of the sonic hedgehog protein were predicted using Jpred and Phyre online.

A Normal Contact Stiffness Model of Joint Surface Based on Fractal Theory

Based on the fractal theory,a normal contact stiffness model is established.In the model,the asperity is initially in elastic deformation under contact interference.As the interference is increased,a transition from elastic to elastoplastic to full plastic deformation occurs in this order.The critical elastic interference,the first elastoplastic critical interference and the second elastoplastic critical interference are scale-dependent.According to the truncated asperity size distribution function,the relations between the total normal contact stiffness and the total contact load are obtained.The results show the total normal contact stiffness depends on the range of frequency indexes of asperities.The normal contact stiffness in elastic deformation is major contribution to the total normal contact stiffness.When the first six frequency indexes are less than the critical elastic frequency index,the dimensionless load-stiffness relation approximately isF^*r^(K^*r)^3.When the initial frequency index is greater than the critical elastic frequency index,the dimensionless load-stiffness relation approximately isF^*r^K^*r.The comparison between the theoretical results and the experimental results indicates that the theoretical results are consistent with the experimental data;therefore,the present fractal model of contact stiffness is reasonable.

Cisplatin increases carboxylesterases through increasing PXR mediated by the decrease of DEC1

cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(CDDP)is widely used for the treatment of various solid cancers.Here we reported that CDDP increased the expression and enzymatic activities of carboxylesterase 1(CES1)and carboxylesterase 2(CES2),along with the upregulation of pregnane X receptor(PXR)and the downregulation of differentiated embryonic chondrocyte-expressed gene 1(DEC1)in human hepatoma cells,primary mouse hepatocytes,mouse liver and intestine.The overexpression or knockdown of PXR alone upregulated or downregulated the CES1 and CES2 expression,respectively.The increases in CES1 and CES2 expression levels induced by CDDP abolished or enhanced by PXR knockdown or overexpression,implying that CDDP induces carboxylesterases through the activation of PXR.Likewise,the overexpression or knockdown of DEC1 alone significantly decreased or increased PXR and its targets.Moreover,the increases of PXR and its targets induced by CDDP were abolished or alleviated by the overexpression or knockdown of DEC1.The overexpression or knockdown of DEC1 affected the response of PXR to CDDP,but not vice versa,suggesting that CDDP increases carboxylesterases by upregulating PXR mediated by the decrease of DEC1.In addition,CDDP did not increase DEC1 mRNA degradation but suppressed DEC1 promoter reporter activity,indicating that it suppresses DEC1 transcriptionally.The combined use of CDDP and irinotecan had a synergistic effect on two cell lines,especially when CDDP was used first.

Exploring the Spatial Control of Topotactic Phase Transitions Using Vertically Oriented Epitaxial Interfaces

Engineering oxygen vacancy formation and distribution is a powerful route for controlling the oxygen sublattice evolution that affects diverse functional behavior.The controlling of the oxygen vacancy formation process is particularly important for inducing topotactic phase transitions that occur by transformation of the oxygen sublattice.Here we demonstrate an epitaxial nanocomposite approach for exploring the spatial control of topotactic phase transition from a pristine perovskite phase to an oxygen vacancy-ordered brownmillerite(BM)phase in a model oxide La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_(3)(LSMO).Incorporating a minority phase NiO in LSMO films creates ultrahigh density of vertically aligned epitaxial interfaces that strongly influence the oxygen vacancy formation and distribution in LSMO.Combined structural characterizations reveal strong interactions between NiO and LSMO across the epitaxial interfaces leading to a topotactic phase transition in LSMO accompanied by significant morphology evolution in NiO.Using the NiO nominal ratio as a single control parameter,we obtain intermediate topotactic nanostructures with distinct distribution of the transformed LSMO-BM phase,which enables systematic tuning of magnetic and electrical transport properties.The use of self-assembled heterostructure interfaces by the epitaxial nanocomposite platform enables more versatile design of topotactic phase structures and correlated functionalities that are sensitive to oxygen vacancies.

Nanoscale structural investigation of Zn_(1-x)Mg_(x)O alloy films on polar and nonpolar ZnO substrates with different Mg contents

Zn_(1-x)Mg_(x)O alloy films are important deep ultraviolet photoelectric materials.In this work,we used plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy to prepare Zn_(1-x)Mg_(x)O films with different magnesium contents on polar(0001)and nonpolar(1010)ZnO substrates.The nanoscale structural features of the grown alloy films as well as the interfaces were investigated.It was observed that the cubic phases of the alloy films emerged when the Mg content reached 20%and 37%for the alloy films grown on the(0001)and(1010)ZnO substrates,respectively.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images revealed cubic phases without visible hexagonal phases for the alloy films with more than 70%magnesium,and the cubic phases exhibited three-fold and two-fold rotations for the alloy films on the polar(0001)and nonpolar(1010)ZnO substrates,respectively.This work aims to provide references for monitoring the Zn_(1-x)Mg_(x)O film structure with respect to different substrate orientations.