Objective:To explore the relationship between social isolation,psychological resilience,and psychological well-being in community-dwelling older adults.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted with 265 community-d...Objective:To explore the relationship between social isolation,psychological resilience,and psychological well-being in community-dwelling older adults.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted with 265 community-dwelling older adults using the Social Isolation Scale for the Elderly(C-SIS),the 10-item Brief Psychological Resilience Scale,and the Comprehensive Happiness Questionnaire(MHQ).The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS 27.0.Results:The highest score on the Social Isolation Scale for Community Elderly was 23,with a mean entry score of 2.36±0.62.A score of 14 was the cut-off point,with scores of≤14 classified as social isolation.There were 136 cases with scores below 14,resulting in a social isolation incidence rate of 51.3%.The median(P50)psychological resilience score was 27,indicating a higher level of resilience.The total score on the Psychological Well-being Scale was 161,suggesting a moderate to slightly higher level of well-being.Social isolation had a direct negative effect on psychological well-being,while psychological resilience had a positive effect.Conclusion:Older adults should be supported in reducing the incidence of social isolation and increasing psychological resilience to enhance psychological well-being and promote successful aging.展开更多
The development of effective visible and near-infrared photocatalysts is highly promising in the current field of photocatalysis.Herein,carbon dots/ZnFe_(2)O_(4)(CDs/ZFO)with coating zero dimensional(0D)CDs on the sur...The development of effective visible and near-infrared photocatalysts is highly promising in the current field of photocatalysis.Herein,carbon dots/ZnFe_(2)O_(4)(CDs/ZFO)with coating zero dimensional(0D)CDs on the surface of three dimensional(3D)yolk-shell ZFO spheres was designed and synthesized via a selftemplated solvothermal method.The as-prepared CDs/ZFO composites displayed outstanding visible and near-infrared photocatalytic degradation activity of tetracycline(TC),and the optimal 3%CDs/ZFO sample with loading 3%(mass)CDs displayed the highest photocatalytic TC degradation ability under visible light(79.5%within 120 min)and near-infrared light(41%within 120 min).The enhancement of photocatalytic activity for CDs/ZFO composite is mainly ascribed to the fact that 0D/3D yolk-shell CDs/ZFO structure not only effectively reflect the incident light to increase the utilization efficiency of solar light,but also utilize the up-conversion photoluminescence and electronic conductivity properties of CDs to broaden sunlight absorption range and promote separation and transfer of electron-hole pairs.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of oxymatrine on the gene expression profile of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) and provide novel insights into the mechanism of oxymatrine against hepatic fibrosis. Methods: HSC was isolat...AIM: To investigate the effects of oxymatrine on the gene expression profile of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) and provide novel insights into the mechanism of oxymatrine against hepatic fibrosis. Methods: HSC was isolated from normal SD by in situ perfusion of collagenase and pronase and density Nycodenz gradient centrifugation. MTT colorimetry was used to study the effect of oxymatrine on the proliferation of HSC. Total RNA and mRNA of quiescent HSC, culture-activated HSC and oxymatrine treated HSC were extracted. Effect of oxymatrine on HSC gene expression profile was detected by oligonucleotide microarray analysis with Affymetrix gene chip rat U230A. Differentially expressed genes were annotated with Gene Ontology (GO) and analyzed with Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Results: Oxymatrine could inhibit the proliferation of HSC in a dose-dependent manner. A total of 4641 differentially expressed genes were identified by cDNA chip between activated and quiescent HSC, among which 2702 genes were upregulated, and 1939 genes were down-regulated in activated HSC. cDNA microarray uncovered downregulation of 56 genes in response to oxymatrine, the representative genes including alpha 2 type I procollagen, alpha-1 type I collagen, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, interleukin 1 beta, early growth response 1, chemokine ligand 2, chemokine ligand 1, CTGF, TGFβ1. The most enriched GO terms included response to wounding, inflammatory response, cell migration, cell motility, wound healing, TGFβ receptor signaling pathway. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that oxymatrine affected the ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, cytokine-cytokine recaptor interaction, TGFβ signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway. There were 37 genes upregulated significantly following oxymatrine treatment. The most enriched GO terms included oxidation reduction, negative regulation of lipoprotein oxidation, regulation of lipoprotein oxidation, steroid metabolic process, regulation of lipase activity. Six genes were confirmed with QPCR, consistent with microarray. Conclusion: The mechanism of oxymatrine in inhibiting liver fibrogenesis is associated with multi-genes and multi-pathways regulation.展开更多
The global demand for renewable energy has resulted in a rapid expansion of offshore wind farms(OWFs)and increased attention to the ecological impacts of OWFs on the marine ecosystem.Previous reviews mainly focused on...The global demand for renewable energy has resulted in a rapid expansion of offshore wind farms(OWFs)and increased attention to the ecological impacts of OWFs on the marine ecosystem.Previous reviews mainly focused on the OWFs’impacts on individual species like birds,bats,or mammals.This review collected numerous field-measured data and simulated results to summarize the ecological impacts on phytoplankton,zooplankton,zoobenthos,fishes,and mammals from each trophic level and also analyze their interactions in the marine food chain.Phytoplankton and zooplankton are positively or adversely affected by the‘wave effect’,‘shading effect’,oxygen depletion and predation pressure,leading to a ±10% fluctuation of primary production.Although zoobenthos are threatened transiently by habitat destruction with a reduction of around 60% in biomass in the construction stage,their abundance exhibited an over 90% increase,dominated by sessile species,due to the‘reef effect’in the operation stage.Marine fishes and mammals are to endure the interferences of noise and electromagnetic,but they are also aggregated around OWFs by the‘reef effect’and‘reserve effect’.Furthermore,the complexity of marine ecosystem would increase with a promotion of the total system biomass by 40% through trophic cascade effects strengthen and resource partitioning alternation triggered by the proliferation of filter-feeders.The suitable site selection,long-term monitoring,and life-cycle-assessment of ecological impacts of OWFs that are lacking in current literature have been described in this review,as well as the carbon emission and deposition.展开更多
The characteristics of ammonia in drinking water sources in China were evaluated during 2005-2009. The spatial distribution and seasonal changes of ammonia in different types of drinking water sources of 22 provinces,...The characteristics of ammonia in drinking water sources in China were evaluated during 2005-2009. The spatial distribution and seasonal changes of ammonia in different types of drinking water sources of 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 4 municipalities were investigated. The levels of ammonia in drinking water sources follow the order of fiver 〉 lake/reservoir 〉 groundwater. The levels of ammonia concentration in river sources gradually decreased from 2005 to 2008, while no obvious change was observed in the lakes/reservoirs and groundwater drinking water sources. The proportion of the type of drinking water sources is different in different regions. In river drinking water sources, the ammonia level was varied in different regions and changed seasonally. The highest value and wide range of annual ammonia was found in South East region, while the lowest value was found in Southwest region. In lake/reservoir drinking water sources, the ammonia levels were not varied obviously in different regions. In underground drinking water sources, the ammonia levels were varied obviously in different regions due to the geological permeability and the natural features of regions. In the drinking water sources with higher ammonia levels, there are enterprises and wastewater drainages in the protected areas of the drinking water sources.展开更多
Photocatalytic water splitting with simultaneous degradation of organic pollutants is an effective strategy to alleviate the increasingly serious energy and environmental crisis.However,the photocatalytic activity is ...Photocatalytic water splitting with simultaneous degradation of organic pollutants is an effective strategy to alleviate the increasingly serious energy and environmental crisis.However,the photocatalytic activity is restricted by the high charge recombination rate and limited sunlight utilization.Herein,black phosphorus(BP)with a broad sunlight response range was utilized as a photosensitizer to enhance the photocatalytic performance of the Au/carbon nitride(CN)heterostructure.The as-prepared BP/Au/CN exhibited a significantly enhanced H_(2) generation rate of 1400.8µmol h^(−1) g^(−1) under UV-vis light irradiation,which is almost 70 times higher than that of bare CN and BP/CN and 2 folds higher than that of the Au/CN heterojunction.Specifically,the optimal BP/Au/CN sample presented a waste-to-hydrogen production rate of 195.8µmol h^(−1) g^(−1) with the degradation of bisphenol A,verifying the synergistic effect of the ternary heterojunction.The photocatalytic mechanism was systematically studied by the combination of experiments and theoretical calculations.The improved photocatalytic performance was derived from the overall sunlight absorption ability of BP,effective electron transfer media and plasmonic character of Au nanoparticles,as well as the matched work function and strong interaction of the three components.A unidirectional electron transfer from BP to Au and then to CN was established,which effectively improved the charge transfer capability,resulting from the appropriate Ohmic contact of Au and BP and the Schottky barrier constructed in Au/CN hybrid.展开更多
Background In 2003,China implemented free antiretroviral therapy(ART)for people living with HIV(PLHIV),establishing an eligibility threshold of CD4<200 cells/μl.Subsequently,the entry criteria were revised in 2012...Background In 2003,China implemented free antiretroviral therapy(ART)for people living with HIV(PLHIV),establishing an eligibility threshold of CD4<200 cells/μl.Subsequently,the entry criteria were revised in 2012(eligibility threshold:CD4≤350 cells/μl),2014(CD4≤500 cells/μl),and 2016(treat-all).However,the impact of treat-all policy on HIV care and treatment indicators in China is unknown.We aimed to elucidate the immediate and long-term impact of the implementation of treat-all policy in China.Methods Anonymized programmatic data on ART initiation and collection in PLHIV who newly started ART were retrieved between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019,from two provincial and municipal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and ten major infectious disease hospitals specialized in HIV care in China.We used Poisson and quasi-Poisson segmented regression models to estimate the immediate and long-term impact of treat-all on three key indicators:monthly proportion of 30-day ART initiation,mean CD4 counts(cells/μl)at ART initiation,and mean estimated time from infection to diagnosis(year).We built separate models according to gender,age,route of transmission and region.Results Monthly data on ART initiation and collection were available for 75,516 individuals[gender:83.8%males;age:median 39 years,interquartile range(IQR):28-53;region:18.5%Northern China,10.9%Northeastern China,17.5%Southern China,49.2%Southwestern China].In the first month of treat-all,compared with the contemporaneous counterfactual,there was a significant increase in proportion of 30-day ART initiation[+12.6%,incidence rate ratio(IRR)=1.126,95%CI:1.033-1.229;P=0.007]and mean estimated time from infection to diagnosis(+7.0%,IRR=1.070,95%CI:1.021-1.120;P=0.004),while there was no significant change in mean CD4 at ART initiation(IRR=0.990,95%CI:0.956-1.026;P=0.585).By December 2019,the three outcomes were not significantly different from expected levels.In the stratified analysis,compared with the contemporaneous counterfactual,mean CD4 at ART initiation showed significant increases in Northern China(+3.3%,IRR=1.033,95%CI:1.001-1.065;P=0.041)and Northeastern China(+8.0%,IRR=1.080,95%CI:1.003-1.164;P=0.042)in the first month of treat-all;mean estimated time from infection to diagnosis showed significant increases in male(+5.6%,IRR=1.056,95%CI:1.010-1.104;P=0.016),female(+14.8%,IRR=1.148,95%CI:1.062-1.240;P<0.001),aged 26-35(+5.3%,IRR=1.053,95%CI:1.001-1.109;P=0.048)and>50(+7.8%,IRR=1.078,95%CI:1.000-1.161;P=0.046),heterosexual transmission(+12.4%,IRR=1.124,95%CI:1.042-1.213;P=0.002)and Southwestern China(+12.9%,IRR=1.129,95%CI:1.055-1.208;P<0.001)in the first month of treat-all.Conclusions The implementation of treat-all policy in China was associated with a positive effect on HIV care and treatment outcomes.To advance the work of rapid ART,efforts should be made to streamline the testing and ART initiation process,provide comprehensive support services,and address the issue of uneven distribution of medical resources.展开更多
Optimizing photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction with simultaneous pollutant degradation is highly desired.However,the photocatalytic efficiency is restricted by the unmatched redox ability,high carriers’recombination rate,...Optimizing photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction with simultaneous pollutant degradation is highly desired.However,the photocatalytic efficiency is restricted by the unmatched redox ability,high carriers’recombination rate,and lack of reactive sites of the present photocatalysts.Herein,the CuInZnS-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)hybrid with matched redox ability and suitable CO_(2)adsorption property was rationally synthesized.The nucleation and growth process of CuInZnS was interfered by the addition of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)with a negative charge,resulting in thinner nanosheets and richer reactive sites.Besides,the Schottky heterojunction built in the hybrid simultaneously improved the photoexcited charge transfer property,sunlight absorption range,and CO_(2)adsorption ability.Consequently,upon exposure to sunlight,CuInZnS-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)exhibited an efficient photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction performance(10.2μmol·h^(−1)·g^(−1))with synergetic tetracycline degradation,obviously higher than that of pure CuInZnS.Based on the combination of theoretical calculation and experimental characterization,the photocatalytic mechanism was investigated comprehensively.This work offers a reference for the remission of worldwide energy shortage and environmental pollution problems.展开更多
Maize（Zea mays L.） is a commercially important crop.Its yield can be reduced by mutations in biosynthetic and degradative pathways that cause death.In this paper,we describe the necrotic leaf（nec-t） mutant,which w...Maize（Zea mays L.） is a commercially important crop.Its yield can be reduced by mutations in biosynthetic and degradative pathways that cause death.In this paper,we describe the necrotic leaf（nec-t） mutant,which was obtained from an inbred line,81647.The nec-t mutant plants had yellow leaves with necrotic spots,reduced chlorophyll content,and the etiolated seedlings died under normal growth conditions.Transmission electron microscopy revealed scattered thylakoids,and reduced numbers of grana lamellae and chloroplasts per cell.Histochemical staining suggested that spot formation of nec-t leaves might be due to cell death.Genetic analysis showed that necrosis was caused by the mutation of a recessive locus.Using simple sequence repeat markers,the Nec-t gene was mapped between mmc0111 and bnlg2277 on the short arm of chromosome 2.A total of 1287 individuals with the mutant phenotype from a F_2 population were used for physical mapping.The Nec-t gene was located between markers T31 and H8 within a physical region of 131.7 kb.展开更多
Gene transfection is an indispensable approach for studying gene function since it provides important information on gain-and/or loss-of-function.Chick embryos are also extensively employed for studying biological fun...Gene transfection is an indispensable approach for studying gene function since it provides important information on gain-and/or loss-of-function.Chick embryos are also extensively employed for studying biological function since they are easily accessible and can be maintained alive after manipulation.The combination of both techniques presents a powerful approach to understanding how genes regulate embryo development.Furthermore,combining these approaches with tissue transplant techniques make even more attractive for elucidate gene function.Electroporation,employing parallelly fashioned electrodes,has been widely used in chick embryos.However,experimenters have been frustrated by unsuccessfully transfection in some embryonic tissue of interest because the electrodes were improperly positioned.We presently demonstrated the different patterns of organizing and positioning the electrodes,in combination with tissue transplantation,to efficiently and specifically transfect the chick embryonic head,trunk neural tube,heart tube,somites and neural crest cells with the GFP reporter gene.展开更多
Hypoxia challenges aerobic organisms in numerous environments,and hypoxic conditions may become more severe under future climate-change scenarios.The impact of hypoxia on the development of terrestrial insect embryos ...Hypoxia challenges aerobic organisms in numerous environments,and hypoxic conditions may become more severe under future climate-change scenarios.The impact of hypoxia on the development of terrestrial insect embryos is not well understood.Here,to address this gap,embryonic life-history traits of migratory locust Locusta migratoria from low-altitude and high-altitude regions were compared under 2 oxygen levels:normoxia(i.e.,21 kPa oxygen partial pressure and mild hypoxia(i.e.,10 kPa oxygen partial pressure).Our results demonstrated that,whether reared under normoxia or mild hypoxia,L.migratoria from high-altitude populations had longer developmental times,reduced weight,and lower mean relative growth rate as compared with those from low-altitude populations.When transferred from normoxia to mild hypoxia,nearly all the tested lifehistory traits presented significant negative changes in the low-altitude populations,but not in the high-altitude populations.The factor'strain'alone explained 18.26%-54.59%of the total variation for traits,suggesting that the phenotypic differences between L.migratoria populations from the 2 altitudes could be driven by genetic variation.Significant genetic correlations were found between life-history traits,and most of these showed differentiation between the 2 altitudinal gradients.G-matrix comparisons showed significant structural differences between L.migratoria from the 2 regions,as well as several negative covariances(i.e.,trade-offs)between traits in the low-altitude populations.Overall,our study provides clear evidence that evolutionary divergence of embryonic traits between L.migratoria populations from different altitudes has occurred.展开更多
The development of a high-performing pseudocapacitor requires a comprehensive understanding of electrode materials from the aspects of electron transfer and electrolyte ion adsorption and diffusion.Herein,these factor...The development of a high-performing pseudocapacitor requires a comprehensive understanding of electrode materials from the aspects of electron transfer and electrolyte ion adsorption and diffusion.Herein,these factors are considered over the prototype TiO_(2),and a high pseudocapacitance is achieved via the introduction of various defects,i.e.,oxygen defect(V_(O))and co-doped defect(V_(O)+N_(O)).The study is based on joint explorations of first-principle calculations and the transfer matrix method.Relative to pristine TiO_(2)(300 F g^(-1)),defective TiO_(2) produces pseudocapacitance as high as 1700 F g^(-1).Moreover,defects induce small barriers for electron transmission caused by surface band bending.The climbing image nudged elastic band diffusion of H ions displays a much higher barrier in TiO_(2)-V_(O) than in TiO_(2)-V_(O)+N_(O).Such a result indicates easy H diffusion in the co-doped system.This work provides insights into the adsorption and diffusion of electrolyte ions and the influence of defects on electron transfer.The results are also significant for the design and optimization of electrode materials for the next generation of supercapacitors.展开更多
Loss of TGF-β-mediated growth suppression is a major contributor to the development of cancers,best exemplified by loss-offunction mutations in genes encoding components of the TGF-βsignaling pathway in colorectal a...Loss of TGF-β-mediated growth suppression is a major contributor to the development of cancers,best exemplified by loss-offunction mutations in genes encoding components of the TGF-βsignaling pathway in colorectal and pancreatic cancers.Alternatively,gain-of-function oncogene mutations can also disrupt antiproliferative TGF-βsignaling.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying oncogene-induced modulation of TGF-βsignaling have not been extensively investigated.Here,we show that the oncogenic BCR-ABL1 of chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML)and the cellular ABL1 tyrosine kinases phosphorylate and inactivate Smad4 to block antiproliferative TGF-βsignaling.Mechanistically,phosphorylation of Smad4 at Tyr195,Tyr301,and Tyr322 in the linker region interferes with its binding to the transcription co-activator p300/CBP,thereby blocking the ability of Smad4 to activate the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK)inhibitors and induce cell cycle arrest.In contrast,the inhibition of BCR-ABL1 kinase with Imatinib prevented Smad4 tyrosine phosphorylation and re-sensitized CML cells to TGF-β-induced antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic responses.Furthermore,expression of phosphorylation-site-mutated Y195F/Y301F/Y322F mutant of Smad4 in Smad4-null CML cells enhanced antiproliferative responses to TGF-β,whereas the phosphorylation-mimicking Y195E/Y301E/Y322E mutant interfered with TGF-βsignaling and enhanced the in vivo growth of CML cells.These findings demonstrate the direct role of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase in suppressing TGF-βsignaling in CML and explain how Imatinib-targeted therapy restored beneficial TGF-βanti-growth responses.展开更多
基金Medical Discipline Cultivation Program of Hebei University(Project No.Medicine+X 2022X01)。
文摘Objective:To explore the relationship between social isolation,psychological resilience,and psychological well-being in community-dwelling older adults.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted with 265 community-dwelling older adults using the Social Isolation Scale for the Elderly(C-SIS),the 10-item Brief Psychological Resilience Scale,and the Comprehensive Happiness Questionnaire(MHQ).The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS 27.0.Results:The highest score on the Social Isolation Scale for Community Elderly was 23,with a mean entry score of 2.36±0.62.A score of 14 was the cut-off point,with scores of≤14 classified as social isolation.There were 136 cases with scores below 14,resulting in a social isolation incidence rate of 51.3%.The median(P50)psychological resilience score was 27,indicating a higher level of resilience.The total score on the Psychological Well-being Scale was 161,suggesting a moderate to slightly higher level of well-being.Social isolation had a direct negative effect on psychological well-being,while psychological resilience had a positive effect.Conclusion:Older adults should be supported in reducing the incidence of social isolation and increasing psychological resilience to enhance psychological well-being and promote successful aging.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21906072 and 22006057)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190982)+4 种基金Henan Postdoctoral Foundation(202003013)"Doctor of Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation"Project in Jiangsu Provincethe Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2021JM-047)Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province(202102210055)General project of Chinese postdoctoral program(2020M672263)。
文摘The development of effective visible and near-infrared photocatalysts is highly promising in the current field of photocatalysis.Herein,carbon dots/ZnFe_(2)O_(4)(CDs/ZFO)with coating zero dimensional(0D)CDs on the surface of three dimensional(3D)yolk-shell ZFO spheres was designed and synthesized via a selftemplated solvothermal method.The as-prepared CDs/ZFO composites displayed outstanding visible and near-infrared photocatalytic degradation activity of tetracycline(TC),and the optimal 3%CDs/ZFO sample with loading 3%(mass)CDs displayed the highest photocatalytic TC degradation ability under visible light(79.5%within 120 min)and near-infrared light(41%within 120 min).The enhancement of photocatalytic activity for CDs/ZFO composite is mainly ascribed to the fact that 0D/3D yolk-shell CDs/ZFO structure not only effectively reflect the incident light to increase the utilization efficiency of solar light,but also utilize the up-conversion photoluminescence and electronic conductivity properties of CDs to broaden sunlight absorption range and promote separation and transfer of electron-hole pairs.
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of oxymatrine on the gene expression profile of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) and provide novel insights into the mechanism of oxymatrine against hepatic fibrosis. Methods: HSC was isolated from normal SD by in situ perfusion of collagenase and pronase and density Nycodenz gradient centrifugation. MTT colorimetry was used to study the effect of oxymatrine on the proliferation of HSC. Total RNA and mRNA of quiescent HSC, culture-activated HSC and oxymatrine treated HSC were extracted. Effect of oxymatrine on HSC gene expression profile was detected by oligonucleotide microarray analysis with Affymetrix gene chip rat U230A. Differentially expressed genes were annotated with Gene Ontology (GO) and analyzed with Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Results: Oxymatrine could inhibit the proliferation of HSC in a dose-dependent manner. A total of 4641 differentially expressed genes were identified by cDNA chip between activated and quiescent HSC, among which 2702 genes were upregulated, and 1939 genes were down-regulated in activated HSC. cDNA microarray uncovered downregulation of 56 genes in response to oxymatrine, the representative genes including alpha 2 type I procollagen, alpha-1 type I collagen, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, interleukin 1 beta, early growth response 1, chemokine ligand 2, chemokine ligand 1, CTGF, TGFβ1. The most enriched GO terms included response to wounding, inflammatory response, cell migration, cell motility, wound healing, TGFβ receptor signaling pathway. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that oxymatrine affected the ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, cytokine-cytokine recaptor interaction, TGFβ signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway. There were 37 genes upregulated significantly following oxymatrine treatment. The most enriched GO terms included oxidation reduction, negative regulation of lipoprotein oxidation, regulation of lipoprotein oxidation, steroid metabolic process, regulation of lipase activity. Six genes were confirmed with QPCR, consistent with microarray. Conclusion: The mechanism of oxymatrine in inhibiting liver fibrogenesis is associated with multi-genes and multi-pathways regulation.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0209500)the Industry-Academy cooperation project(No.E2021000435)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41877310)the Network Information Security and Information Special Application Demonstration Project(Cultivation Project)of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.CAS-WX2023PY-0103)the Innovative practice training program for college students of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.117900M002)。
文摘The global demand for renewable energy has resulted in a rapid expansion of offshore wind farms(OWFs)and increased attention to the ecological impacts of OWFs on the marine ecosystem.Previous reviews mainly focused on the OWFs’impacts on individual species like birds,bats,or mammals.This review collected numerous field-measured data and simulated results to summarize the ecological impacts on phytoplankton,zooplankton,zoobenthos,fishes,and mammals from each trophic level and also analyze their interactions in the marine food chain.Phytoplankton and zooplankton are positively or adversely affected by the‘wave effect’,‘shading effect’,oxygen depletion and predation pressure,leading to a ±10% fluctuation of primary production.Although zoobenthos are threatened transiently by habitat destruction with a reduction of around 60% in biomass in the construction stage,their abundance exhibited an over 90% increase,dominated by sessile species,due to the‘reef effect’in the operation stage.Marine fishes and mammals are to endure the interferences of noise and electromagnetic,but they are also aggregated around OWFs by the‘reef effect’and‘reserve effect’.Furthermore,the complexity of marine ecosystem would increase with a promotion of the total system biomass by 40% through trophic cascade effects strengthen and resource partitioning alternation triggered by the proliferation of filter-feeders.The suitable site selection,long-term monitoring,and life-cycle-assessment of ecological impacts of OWFs that are lacking in current literature have been described in this review,as well as the carbon emission and deposition.
基金supported by the Water Pollution Control and Management (No. 2009ZX07419-002-2,2009ZX07419-003)the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (No.2007DFA90510)
文摘The characteristics of ammonia in drinking water sources in China were evaluated during 2005-2009. The spatial distribution and seasonal changes of ammonia in different types of drinking water sources of 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 4 municipalities were investigated. The levels of ammonia in drinking water sources follow the order of fiver 〉 lake/reservoir 〉 groundwater. The levels of ammonia concentration in river sources gradually decreased from 2005 to 2008, while no obvious change was observed in the lakes/reservoirs and groundwater drinking water sources. The proportion of the type of drinking water sources is different in different regions. In river drinking water sources, the ammonia level was varied in different regions and changed seasonally. The highest value and wide range of annual ammonia was found in South East region, while the lowest value was found in Southwest region. In lake/reservoir drinking water sources, the ammonia levels were not varied obviously in different regions. In underground drinking water sources, the ammonia levels were varied obviously in different regions due to the geological permeability and the natural features of regions. In the drinking water sources with higher ammonia levels, there are enterprises and wastewater drainages in the protected areas of the drinking water sources.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21801092,21872001,U1704140)the Program for the Development of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20200801040GH)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province(202102210055)the General project of Chinese postdoctoral program(2020M672263)the Key Research Programs in Universities of Henan Province(20A150031)the Science and Technology Innovation Talent Support Program of Henan Province(19HASTIT034)。
文摘Photocatalytic water splitting with simultaneous degradation of organic pollutants is an effective strategy to alleviate the increasingly serious energy and environmental crisis.However,the photocatalytic activity is restricted by the high charge recombination rate and limited sunlight utilization.Herein,black phosphorus(BP)with a broad sunlight response range was utilized as a photosensitizer to enhance the photocatalytic performance of the Au/carbon nitride(CN)heterostructure.The as-prepared BP/Au/CN exhibited a significantly enhanced H_(2) generation rate of 1400.8µmol h^(−1) g^(−1) under UV-vis light irradiation,which is almost 70 times higher than that of bare CN and BP/CN and 2 folds higher than that of the Au/CN heterojunction.Specifically,the optimal BP/Au/CN sample presented a waste-to-hydrogen production rate of 195.8µmol h^(−1) g^(−1) with the degradation of bisphenol A,verifying the synergistic effect of the ternary heterojunction.The photocatalytic mechanism was systematically studied by the combination of experiments and theoretical calculations.The improved photocatalytic performance was derived from the overall sunlight absorption ability of BP,effective electron transfer media and plasmonic character of Au nanoparticles,as well as the matched work function and strong interaction of the three components.A unidirectional electron transfer from BP to Au and then to CN was established,which effectively improved the charge transfer capability,resulting from the appropriate Ohmic contact of Au and BP and the Schottky barrier constructed in Au/CN hybrid.
基金This study was supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission Basic Research Program[JCYJ20190807155409373]the Natural Science Foundation of China Excellent Young Scientists Fund[82022064]+6 种基金Natural Science Foundation of China International/Regional Research Collaboration Project[72061137001]the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen[SZSM201811071]the High Level Project of Medicine in Longhua,Shenzhen[HLPM201907020105]Special Support Plan for High-Level Talents of Guangdong Province[2019TQ05Y230]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[58000-31620005]Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences[2020-JKCS-030]All funding parties did not have any role in the design of the study or in the explanation of the data.
文摘Background In 2003,China implemented free antiretroviral therapy(ART)for people living with HIV(PLHIV),establishing an eligibility threshold of CD4<200 cells/μl.Subsequently,the entry criteria were revised in 2012(eligibility threshold:CD4≤350 cells/μl),2014(CD4≤500 cells/μl),and 2016(treat-all).However,the impact of treat-all policy on HIV care and treatment indicators in China is unknown.We aimed to elucidate the immediate and long-term impact of the implementation of treat-all policy in China.Methods Anonymized programmatic data on ART initiation and collection in PLHIV who newly started ART were retrieved between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019,from two provincial and municipal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and ten major infectious disease hospitals specialized in HIV care in China.We used Poisson and quasi-Poisson segmented regression models to estimate the immediate and long-term impact of treat-all on three key indicators:monthly proportion of 30-day ART initiation,mean CD4 counts(cells/μl)at ART initiation,and mean estimated time from infection to diagnosis(year).We built separate models according to gender,age,route of transmission and region.Results Monthly data on ART initiation and collection were available for 75,516 individuals[gender:83.8%males;age:median 39 years,interquartile range(IQR):28-53;region:18.5%Northern China,10.9%Northeastern China,17.5%Southern China,49.2%Southwestern China].In the first month of treat-all,compared with the contemporaneous counterfactual,there was a significant increase in proportion of 30-day ART initiation[+12.6%,incidence rate ratio(IRR)=1.126,95%CI:1.033-1.229;P=0.007]and mean estimated time from infection to diagnosis(+7.0%,IRR=1.070,95%CI:1.021-1.120;P=0.004),while there was no significant change in mean CD4 at ART initiation(IRR=0.990,95%CI:0.956-1.026;P=0.585).By December 2019,the three outcomes were not significantly different from expected levels.In the stratified analysis,compared with the contemporaneous counterfactual,mean CD4 at ART initiation showed significant increases in Northern China(+3.3%,IRR=1.033,95%CI:1.001-1.065;P=0.041)and Northeastern China(+8.0%,IRR=1.080,95%CI:1.003-1.164;P=0.042)in the first month of treat-all;mean estimated time from infection to diagnosis showed significant increases in male(+5.6%,IRR=1.056,95%CI:1.010-1.104;P=0.016),female(+14.8%,IRR=1.148,95%CI:1.062-1.240;P<0.001),aged 26-35(+5.3%,IRR=1.053,95%CI:1.001-1.109;P=0.048)and>50(+7.8%,IRR=1.078,95%CI:1.000-1.161;P=0.046),heterosexual transmission(+12.4%,IRR=1.124,95%CI:1.042-1.213;P=0.002)and Southwestern China(+12.9%,IRR=1.129,95%CI:1.055-1.208;P<0.001)in the first month of treat-all.Conclusions The implementation of treat-all policy in China was associated with a positive effect on HIV care and treatment outcomes.To advance the work of rapid ART,efforts should be made to streamline the testing and ART initiation process,provide comprehensive support services,and address the issue of uneven distribution of medical resources.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21801092,U1804138,and 22006057)the Program for the Development of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(Nos.20210101409JC and 20200801040GH)+4 种基金the Program for Science&Technology Innovative Research Team at University of Henan Province(No.20IRTSTHN007)the Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(No.22HASTIT028)the Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province(Nos.202102210055,212102210128,and 202102310615)Henan Postdoctoral Foundation(No.202003013)the General project of Chinese postdoctoral program(No.2020M672263).
文摘Optimizing photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction with simultaneous pollutant degradation is highly desired.However,the photocatalytic efficiency is restricted by the unmatched redox ability,high carriers’recombination rate,and lack of reactive sites of the present photocatalysts.Herein,the CuInZnS-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)hybrid with matched redox ability and suitable CO_(2)adsorption property was rationally synthesized.The nucleation and growth process of CuInZnS was interfered by the addition of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)with a negative charge,resulting in thinner nanosheets and richer reactive sites.Besides,the Schottky heterojunction built in the hybrid simultaneously improved the photoexcited charge transfer property,sunlight absorption range,and CO_(2)adsorption ability.Consequently,upon exposure to sunlight,CuInZnS-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)exhibited an efficient photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction performance(10.2μmol·h^(−1)·g^(−1))with synergetic tetracycline degradation,obviously higher than that of pure CuInZnS.Based on the combination of theoretical calculation and experimental characterization,the photocatalytic mechanism was investigated comprehensively.This work offers a reference for the remission of worldwide energy shortage and environmental pollution problems.
基金financially supported by the grants from the Agriculture Thoroughbred Industrialization of Shandong Province(No.2011-7)the Ministry of Agriculture of China(Nos.2008ZX08003-003 and 2009ZX08003-023B)the National High-tech‘863' Program of China(No. 2012AA101104)
文摘Maize（Zea mays L.） is a commercially important crop.Its yield can be reduced by mutations in biosynthetic and degradative pathways that cause death.In this paper,we describe the necrotic leaf（nec-t） mutant,which was obtained from an inbred line,81647.The nec-t mutant plants had yellow leaves with necrotic spots,reduced chlorophyll content,and the etiolated seedlings died under normal growth conditions.Transmission electron microscopy revealed scattered thylakoids,and reduced numbers of grana lamellae and chloroplasts per cell.Histochemical staining suggested that spot formation of nec-t leaves might be due to cell death.Genetic analysis showed that necrosis was caused by the mutation of a recessive locus.Using simple sequence repeat markers,the Nec-t gene was mapped between mmc0111 and bnlg2277 on the short arm of chromosome 2.A total of 1287 individuals with the mutant phenotype from a F_2 population were used for physical mapping.The Nec-t gene was located between markers T31 and H8 within a physical region of 131.7 kb.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071054,30971493,31271455)the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB529703)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(S2011010001593)
文摘Gene transfection is an indispensable approach for studying gene function since it provides important information on gain-and/or loss-of-function.Chick embryos are also extensively employed for studying biological function since they are easily accessible and can be maintained alive after manipulation.The combination of both techniques presents a powerful approach to understanding how genes regulate embryo development.Furthermore,combining these approaches with tissue transplant techniques make even more attractive for elucidate gene function.Electroporation,employing parallelly fashioned electrodes,has been widely used in chick embryos.However,experimenters have been frustrated by unsuccessfully transfection in some embryonic tissue of interest because the electrodes were improperly positioned.We presently demonstrated the different patterns of organizing and positioning the electrodes,in combination with tissue transplantation,to efficiently and specifically transfect the chick embryonic head,trunk neural tube,heart tube,somites and neural crest cells with the GFP reporter gene.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32102208)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.C2021201052)a grant from Hebei University(No.521000981353).
文摘Hypoxia challenges aerobic organisms in numerous environments,and hypoxic conditions may become more severe under future climate-change scenarios.The impact of hypoxia on the development of terrestrial insect embryos is not well understood.Here,to address this gap,embryonic life-history traits of migratory locust Locusta migratoria from low-altitude and high-altitude regions were compared under 2 oxygen levels:normoxia(i.e.,21 kPa oxygen partial pressure and mild hypoxia(i.e.,10 kPa oxygen partial pressure).Our results demonstrated that,whether reared under normoxia or mild hypoxia,L.migratoria from high-altitude populations had longer developmental times,reduced weight,and lower mean relative growth rate as compared with those from low-altitude populations.When transferred from normoxia to mild hypoxia,nearly all the tested lifehistory traits presented significant negative changes in the low-altitude populations,but not in the high-altitude populations.The factor'strain'alone explained 18.26%-54.59%of the total variation for traits,suggesting that the phenotypic differences between L.migratoria populations from the 2 altitudes could be driven by genetic variation.Significant genetic correlations were found between life-history traits,and most of these showed differentiation between the 2 altitudinal gradients.G-matrix comparisons showed significant structural differences between L.migratoria from the 2 regions,as well as several negative covariances(i.e.,trade-offs)between traits in the low-altitude populations.Overall,our study provides clear evidence that evolutionary divergence of embryonic traits between L.migratoria populations from different altitudes has occurred.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFB0901600)Tianjin City Distinguished Young Scholar Fund(17JCJQJC45100)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975136 and 21573117)Tianjin Key Research and Development Program(18ZXSZSF00060)the Open Funds from the National Engineering Lab for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology(NELMS2018A01)the project of Shenzhen Science,Technology and Innovation Committee(JCYJ20190808151603654)。
文摘The development of a high-performing pseudocapacitor requires a comprehensive understanding of electrode materials from the aspects of electron transfer and electrolyte ion adsorption and diffusion.Herein,these factors are considered over the prototype TiO_(2),and a high pseudocapacitance is achieved via the introduction of various defects,i.e.,oxygen defect(V_(O))and co-doped defect(V_(O)+N_(O)).The study is based on joint explorations of first-principle calculations and the transfer matrix method.Relative to pristine TiO_(2)(300 F g^(-1)),defective TiO_(2) produces pseudocapacitance as high as 1700 F g^(-1).Moreover,defects induce small barriers for electron transmission caused by surface band bending.The climbing image nudged elastic band diffusion of H ions displays a much higher barrier in TiO_(2)-V_(O) than in TiO_(2)-V_(O)+N_(O).Such a result indicates easy H diffusion in the co-doped system.This work provides insights into the adsorption and diffusion of electrolyte ions and the influence of defects on electron transfer.The results are also significant for the design and optimization of electrode materials for the next generation of supercapacitors.
基金grants from NSFC(U21A20356,31730057,and 91540205)and ZNSF(LD21C070001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.L.W.was supported by a short-term predoctoral fellowship from the Graduate School of Zhejiang University for studying abroad.
文摘Loss of TGF-β-mediated growth suppression is a major contributor to the development of cancers,best exemplified by loss-offunction mutations in genes encoding components of the TGF-βsignaling pathway in colorectal and pancreatic cancers.Alternatively,gain-of-function oncogene mutations can also disrupt antiproliferative TGF-βsignaling.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying oncogene-induced modulation of TGF-βsignaling have not been extensively investigated.Here,we show that the oncogenic BCR-ABL1 of chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML)and the cellular ABL1 tyrosine kinases phosphorylate and inactivate Smad4 to block antiproliferative TGF-βsignaling.Mechanistically,phosphorylation of Smad4 at Tyr195,Tyr301,and Tyr322 in the linker region interferes with its binding to the transcription co-activator p300/CBP,thereby blocking the ability of Smad4 to activate the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK)inhibitors and induce cell cycle arrest.In contrast,the inhibition of BCR-ABL1 kinase with Imatinib prevented Smad4 tyrosine phosphorylation and re-sensitized CML cells to TGF-β-induced antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic responses.Furthermore,expression of phosphorylation-site-mutated Y195F/Y301F/Y322F mutant of Smad4 in Smad4-null CML cells enhanced antiproliferative responses to TGF-β,whereas the phosphorylation-mimicking Y195E/Y301E/Y322E mutant interfered with TGF-βsignaling and enhanced the in vivo growth of CML cells.These findings demonstrate the direct role of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase in suppressing TGF-βsignaling in CML and explain how Imatinib-targeted therapy restored beneficial TGF-βanti-growth responses.
