Evaluation of Cold Resistance and Semi-lethal Low Temperature(LT_(50))of Nine Pear Cultivars

[Objectives]To evaluate the cold resistance and semi-lethal temperature of pear cultivars,and provide a theoretical basis for the regional extension and breeding of cold-resistant pear cultivars.[Methods]Nine pear cultivars were used to study the changes in relative conductivity and cell injury rate of pear branches under low temperature stress,and the semi-lethal temperature(LT_(50))of pear branches was analyzed by fitting Logistic equation.[Results]The relative conductivity and cell injury rate of pear branches took on the trend of slow increase,rapid increase,and slow increase the decrease of treatment temperature.The LC_(50) of the nine pear cultivars were as follows:Nanguo pear-33.9℃,Wanyu-32.3℃,Red D Anjou-31.8℃,Jinfeng-31.3℃,Wujiuxiang-29.2℃,20 th Century Pear-29.1℃,Hanxiang-35.1℃,Yuluxiang-27.9℃ and Korla Fragrant Pear-29.2℃.[Conclusions]The semi-lethal temperature could reflect the cold resistance of pear trees,and Wanxiang had better cold resistance.The evaluation of cold resistance and semi-lethal temperature of pear cultivars can provide theoretical basis for regional extension and breeding of cold-resistant pear cultivars.

Advances in Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of Fruit Trees under Low Temperature Stress

The most recent research findings on the tolerance of fruit trees to cold stress are reviewed from a molecular perspective,including the perception and transduction of low temperature calcium signaling,CBF-dependent molecular regulatory mechanisms,non-CBF-dependent molecular regulatory mechanisms,and so forth.The objective is to provide a reference basis for further improving the cold resistance of fruit trees and cultivating new varieties of hardy plants.

A Light and Simplified Branch Bending Method for Young Pear Trees

Aiming at high cost and low efficiency of conventional branch bending method in the modern intensive planting and labor-saving cultivation mode of young pear trees,this paper provides a new branch bending method with wide source of raw materials,cheap price and simple operation,which is also suitable for the management of low-age branches in the process of high grafting and upgrading of traditional big trees.

A method for Improving the Efficiency of Pear Tree Crossbreeding

In view of the short blooming period of pear tree crossbreeding and the complexity of pollination process, a method that can improve the efficiency of crossbreeding of pear trees was provided. Meanwhile, this method can also be applied to the study of pollen xenia effect, pollination tree selection and pure pollen collection in pear tree cultivation.

Assessing the Impact of General Anesthesia and Bronchial Intubation in Conjunction with Thoracic Paravertebral Nerve Block on Cellular Immunity and Surgical Management in Tuberculous Pyothorax Patients

Objective:This study aims to investigate the impact of combining general anesthesia with bronchial intubation and thoracic paravertebral nerve block during surgery for patients with tuberculous pyothorax.Methods:Eighty patients diagnosed with tuberculous pyothorax,admitted to the hospital between January 2023 and September 2023,were randomly selected for this study.The patients were divided into control and study groups using a numerical table method.The control group underwent general anesthesia with bronchial intubation,while the study group received general anesthesia with bronchial intubation in conjunction with thoracic paravertebral nerve block.Subsequently,the patients were monitored to assess mean arterial pressure,heart rate variations,and adverse reactions to anesthesia.Results:The study group exhibited significantly lower mean arterial pressure and heart rate levels during the post-surgical incision,immediate end of surgery,and immediate extubation periods compared to the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the Ricker and Ramsay scores in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combined use of general anesthesia via bronchial intubation and thoracic paravertebral nerve block has been found to stabilize mean arterial pressure and heart rate while providing effective sedation for surgical treatment in patients with tuberculous septic thorax.

Occurrence and Integrated Control of Psylla chinensis in Eastern Hebei Province

The paper introduces the damage characteristics and occurrence regularity of Psylla chinensis in pear orchards in eastern Hebei Province,and summarizes the integrated prevention and control techniques of P.chinensis,in order to provide a reference for the prevention and control of P.chinensis in eastern Hebei Province.

TRDMT1 exhibited protective effects against LPS-induced inflammation in rats through TLR4-NF-κB/MAPK-TNF-αpathway

Background:Inflammation is a complex physiological and pathological process.Although many types of inflammation are well characterized,their physiological func-tions are largely unknown.tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1(TRDMT1)has been implicated as a stress-related protein,but its intrinsic biological role is unclear.Methods:We constructed a Trdmt1 knockout rat and adopted the LPS-induced sepsis model.Survival curve,histopathological examination,expression of inflammatory fac-tors,and protein level of TLR4 pathway were analyzed.Results:Trdmt1 deletion had no obvious impact on development and growth.Trdmt1 de-letion slightly increased the mortality during aging.Our data showed that Trdmt1 strongly responded in LPS-treated rats,and Trdmt1 knockout rats were vulnerable to LPS treat-ment with declined survival rate.We also observed more aggravated tissue damage and more cumulative functional cell degeneration in LPS-treated knockout rats compared with control rats.Further studies showed upregulated TNF-αlevel in liver,spleen,lung,and serum tissues,which may be explained by enhanced p65 and p38 phosphorylation.Conclusions:Our data demonstrated that Trdmt1 plays a protective role in inflamma-tion by regulating the TLR4-NF-κB/MAPK-TNF-αpathway.This work provides useful information to understand the TRDMT1 function in inflammation.

Study on the Changes of the Major Nutrient Elements During Simple Composting Process of Dry Chicken Manure

[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide a theoretical basis for production and application of chicken manure compost.[Methods]With dry manure as a material,the variations of the major nutrients during simple composting process of dry chicken manure were studied,in order to get the best fermentation method.[Results]Chicken manure should not be preserved wet,but should be preserved after air-drying and fermented before use.Necessary moisture,simple sealing treatment and a certain amount of N element were conducive to simple fermentation of chicken manure.The treatments in which the chicken manure was wrapped around and compacted,added with an appropriate amount of water(50%-60%)and naturally fermented,or was wrapped around and compacted and added with an appropriate amount of water(50%-60%)and 0.2%of urea,were more appropriate for the production directly.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the actual production and application of chicken manure compost.

Effect of Different Cultivation Practices on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties for Greenhouse Vegetables under Long-Term Continuous Cropping

Five kinds of greenhouse vegetables( eggplant,loofah,tomato,cucumber and pepper) were selected in summer uprooting stage from greenhouse in Shouguang area,Shandong Province. Total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,organic matter content and p H,EC value of three soil layers were measured,respectively. The results showed that the total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil were mainly accumulated in the upper soil,which made the soil acidification trend,because different farmers adopted different cultivation practices for different greenhouse vegetables in Shouguang region,but there was no significant effect on soil EC value. The input of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen and other related fertilizers to greenhouse cucumber was higher than that of other greenhouse vegetables,but the amount of available potassium fertilizer and organic matter input to greenhouse tomato under different cultivation practices was lower than other greenhouse vegetables. In Shouguang area,the input of organic matter into greenhouse vegetables should be increased by increasing the proportion of manure input to increase the content of soil organic carbon,so as to achieve the balance of carbon and nitrogen ratio,and to provide a scientific basis for the establishment of an evaluation system for the environmental benefits brought about by chemical fertilizer reduction in greenhouse vegetables in Shouguang area.

Optimization of Texture Determination of ‘Yali' by Texture Analyzer

[Objectives] This study was carried out to determine texture parameters for texture profile analysis （TPA）, and optimize the texture determination of ‘Yali’ by texture analyzer.[Methods] The traditional varieties of ‘Yali’ were taken as the materials, and texture parameters were determined at different compression rates and deformations at target.[Results] In the process of the TPA, the deformation at target had an extremely significant influence on 8 TPA texture parameters, namely, the hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, adhesiveness, gumminess, resilience, fracturability, and chewiness （ P ≤0.01）, while the compression rate had significant influence on the hardness and gumminess （ P ≤0.05）, had an extremely significant influence on fracturability （ P ≤0.01）, and had no significant influence on other 5 TPA parameters.[Conclusions] Taking the compression rate of 1 mm/s and 20% deformation at target as the experimental conditions for TPA could avoid the impact load of high speed on the tissue and objectively reflect the textural characteristics of ‘Yali’ pulp tissue.

Construction of Technology System on Development and Repropagation in Vitro of Several Cultivars in Pear

It is the most available way to obtain self-rooted seedlings by tissue culture,which could breed de-virus seedlings with uniform traits and contribute to improve seedling quality.To construct a complete and efficient technology system,this test used stem with buds of 16 cultivars and super lines including Yali,Jingbaili,03-04-034,03-08-080 and so on as materials to study the best way for explant sampling time and position,sterilization time using HgCl 2 and hormone concentrations.The result indicated that the optimum technology system was that the middle parts of longest shoots before 20 d after full-blossom were sterilized for 8 min by 0.1%HgCl 2 and inoculated on the development medium MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L+saccharose 3%+agar 0.6%(pH=5.8),and then trans-inoculated into propagation medium MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.3 mg/L+saccharose 3%+agar 0.6%(pH=5.8).

Differential Gene Expression and Analysis inVenturia nashicola-inoculated and UninoculatedLeaves of the New Highly Resistant Germplasm03-04-034

The super line 03-04-034, which results from a cross between Pyrus bretchneideri cv Jingbaili and P.ussuriensis cv Yali, is highly resistant to pear scab.Specimens were inoculated with Venturia nashicola to generate a database of expressed sequence tags(ESTs) to be used as resources for transcripts induced in inoculated and uninoculated leaves. After performing subtractive suppression hybridization using cDNA of the inoculated and uninoculated leaves harvested 51 h after inoculation, 100 clones from the uninoculated and 100 clones from the inoculated cDNA library were selected and sequenced. BLASTN searches of each cDNA library against GenBank revealed eight unique sequences associated with the defense response, comprising four ESTs from the uninoculated cDNA library(ubiquitin extension protein, subtilisin-like protease, basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH) transcription factor and aspartic endopeptidase) and four ESTs from the inoculated cDNA library(S-adenosylmethionine synthase(SAMS), heat shock factor(HSF) domain class transcription factor, RNA-binding protein and polyphenol oxidase 5 precursor).Quantitative fluorescence real-time polymerase chain analysis revealed that the transcripts for SAMS and subtilisin-like protease were highly expressed in the incompatible interaction. The SAMS gene was more highly expressed in inoculated leaves than uninoculated leaves, while the reverse was true for subtilisin-like protease. The SAMS and subtilisin-like protease genes have been found to be associated with plant defense mechanisms. Further studies of greater detail are required to understand how these genes are expressed and regulated during infection with V.nashicola.

Occurrence and Control of Pear Rust in Eastern Hebei Province

In recent years, pear rust sometimes occurs in eastern Hebei area, resulting in early defoliation, fruit abscission and loss of fruit commodity value. In this paper, the incidence symptoms, regularity and causes of pear rust are summarized, and the comprehensive prevention and control measures of pear rust in eastern Hebei are put forward.

A Training System of Pear Trees for Simplified High-density Cultivation

In view of the deficiencies of training technologies during constructing pear orchards by modern simplified dense-planting cultivation with ordinary pear seedlings widely used in production,a simple and easy-to-operate training method was proposed,mainly including constructing fence nets,determining low main trunks,leaving buds at the northwest position,multiple bud removal,winding and notching,simplified branch supporting,and simplified branch pulling.

Key Points of Prevention and Control Technology against Pear Powdery Mildew

Due to the lack of attention to the prevention and control of powdery mildew in pear orchard in autumn,the occurrence of pear powdery mildew is aggravating year by year,and it has become one of the main diseases of pear tree.In this paper,the symptom diagnosis,incidence regu-larity and prevention and control technology of pear powdery mildew are summarized,which will provide the reference for prevention and treatment of pear powdery mildew in production.

DNA of neutrophil extracellular traps promote NF-κBdependent autoimmunity via cGAS/TLR9 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is characterised by persistent airway inflammation even after cigarette smoking cessation.Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)have been implicated in COPD severity and acute airway inflammation induced by short-term cigarette smoke(CS).However,whether and how NETs contribute to sustained airway inflammation in COPD remain unclear.This study aimed to elucidate the immunoregulatory mechanism of NETs in COPD,employing human neutrophils,airway epithelial cells(AECs),dendritic cells(DCs),and a long-term CS-induced COPD mouse model,alongside cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase and toll-like receptor 9 knockout mice(cGAS-^(−/−)TLR9^(−/−));Additionally,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of COPD patients was examined.Neutrophils from COPD patients released greater cigarette smoke extract(CSE)-induced NETs(CSE-NETs)due to mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction.These CSE-NETs,containing oxidatively-damaged DNA(NETs-DNA),promoted AECs proliferation,nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)activation,NF-κB-dependent cytokines and type-I interferons production,and DC maturation,which were ameliorated/reversed by silencing/inhibition of cGAS/TLR9.In the COPD mouse model,blocking NETs-DNA-sensing via cGAS^(−/−)and TLR9^(−/−)mice,inhibiting NETosis using mitoTEMPO,and degrading NETs-DNA with DNase-I,respectively,reduced NETs infiltrations,airway inflammation,NF-κB activation and NF-κBdependent cytokines,but not type-I interferons due to IFN-α/βreceptor degradation.Elevated NETs components(myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase activity)in BALF of COPD smokers correlated with disease severity and NF-κB-dependent cytokine levels,but not type-I interferon levels.In conclusion,NETs-DNA promotes NF-κB-dependent autoimmunity via cGAS/TLR9 in long-term CS exposure-induced COPD.Therefore,targeting NETs-DNA and cGAS/TLR9 emerges as a potential strategy to alleviate persistent airway inflammation in COPD.

大分子网络体系中的反常扩散动力学机制

生物大分子网络是多种生物软质体系共同的结构基础之一.深入理解纳米尺度的粒子在大分子网络中的扩散动力学对于阐明众多生命现象背后的物理机制以及设计和制造具有优异性能的生物医用功能材料有重要意义.纳米粒子在大分子网络中的运动可能会受到其周围网络链的显著影响.从物理角度看,各种生物或合成聚合物链之间的主要区别在于其本征物理性质,这些性质可以显著改变纳米粒子所经历自由能势垒的高低与分布,进而决定纳米粒子的扩散动力学行为.本文从网络链的柔顺性、网格拓扑特征以及网络的动态共价连接三个方面的本征物理性质出发,综述了本课题组近年来针对该问题基于高分子凝聚态物理理论的研究进展,特别是对这些现象背后的熵机制进行了理论解释.最后对大分子网络中粒子扩散的未来发展方向进行了展望.

平台型领导如何促进员工内部创业?工作繁荣和未来工作自我清晰度的作用

近年来,一些组织正在积极识别和孵化内部创业机会,加速探索激发员工内部创业的路径。平台型领导作为一种自下而上、兼顾组织和员工发展利益的新型领导风格,能有效引导员工内部创业。基于资源保存理论,本文引入工作繁荣和未来工作自我清晰度探讨了平台型领导对员工内部创业的作用机理。研究结果表明:平台型领导对员工内部创业有正向影响;工作繁荣在平台型领导与员工内部创业的关系中起中介作用;未来工作自我清晰度正向调节平台型领导与工作繁荣之间、工作繁荣与员工内部创业之间的关系;未来工作自我清晰度调节了工作繁荣通过平台型领导对员工内部创业的间接效应,支持了两阶段调节的中介效应模型。研究结果有助于拓展平台型领导与员工内部创业的关系,对管理者如何有效提升员工工作繁荣状态、促进员工内部创业具有借鉴意义。

Recent developments of miniature ion trap mass spectrometers

With outstanding analytical performance and portability, miniature mass spectrometer is one of the most powerful tools for in-situ analysis. The miniaturization of mass spectrometers has lasted for more than ten years, during which a number of miniature mass spectrometers employing different techniques have been developed. Small-in-size, working at relatively high pressure region and capable of performing tandem mass spectrometry, ion trap is the most widely used mass analyzer in miniature mass spectrometer systems. The recent development of miniature ion trap mass spectrometer systems in the last ten years was reviewed in this paper. These instruments adopt different atmospheric pressure interfaces （APIs）, which are membrane inlets （MIs）, discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface （DAPI） and continuous atmospheric pressure interface （CAPI）. This review emphasizes on the mini mass spectrometry （MS） system that can be handheld by one person, but not the field-able ones that are too large to be hand-portable.

Longitudinal study of a community hospital integrated model for diabetes management in the Beijing Jingsong community

Objective:To determine the effects of a community hospital integrated model on the longitu-dinal management of diabetic patients.Methods:Four hundred forty-one patients with type 2 diabetes residing in Jingsong Commu-nity were randomly assigned to intensive and standard groups.Metabolic parameters were meas-ured in the two groups at baseline and after 36 months of management to compare the rate of goal achievement.Results:After comprehensive management,the overall control rate in the intensive group was increased from 2.7%to 9.6%compared with 2.3%-4.5%in the standard group.Specifically,the control rates for fasting plasma glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,and blood pressure in the intensive group were significantly increased from 54.1%,40.0%,and 68.2%to 85.5%,74.6%,and 89.1%,respectively.The control rate for glycosylated hemoglobin in the intensive group was significantly higher than the standard group after 36 months of treatment.Conclusion:The community hospital integrated model for longitudinal management effec-tively improved the control rate of glycosylated hemoglobin and the overall control rate in patients with type 2 diabetes.