Recent progress on Sn_(3)O_(4)nanomaterials for photocatalytic applications

Tin(IV)oxide(Sn_(3)O_(4))is layered tin and exhibits mixed valence states.It has emerged as a highly promising visible-light pho-tocatalyst,attracting considerable attention.This comprehensive review is aimed at providing a detailed overview of the latest advance-ments in research,applications,advantages,and challenges associated with Sn_(3)O_(4)photocatalytic nanomaterials.The fundamental con-cepts and principles of Sn_(3)O_(4)are introduced.Sn_(3)O_(4)possesses a unique crystal structure and optoelectronic properties that allow it to ab-sorb visible light efficiently and generate photoexcited charge carriers that drive photocatalytic reactions.Subsequently,strategies for the control and improved performance of Sn_(3)O_(4)photocatalytic nanomaterials are discussed.Morphology control,ion doping,and hetero-structure construction are widely employed in the optimization of the photocatalytic performance of Sn_(3)O_(4)materials.The effective imple-mentation of these strategies improves the photocatalytic activity and stability of Sn_(3)O_(4)nanomaterials.Furthermore,the review explores the diverse applications of Sn_(3)O_(4)photocatalytic nanomaterials in various fields,such as photocatalytic degradation,photocatalytic hydro-gen production,photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide,solar cells,photocatalytic sterilization,and optoelectronic sensors.The discus-sion focuses on the potential of Sn_(3)O_(4)-based nanomaterials in these applications,highlighting their unique attributes and functionalities.Finally,the review provides an outlook on the future development directions in the field and offers guidance for the exploration and de-velopment of novel and efficient Sn_(3)O_(4)-based nanomaterials.Through the identification of emerging research areas and potential avenues for improvement,this review aims to stimulate further advancements in Sn_(3)O_(4)-based photocatalysis and facilitate the translation of this promising technology into practical applications.

不同层数石墨烯的光热显微成像

二维层状材料(石墨烯、二维过渡金属硫族化合物等)因具有独特的物理性质,引起了研究学者们的广泛关注,极大促进了化学、材料科学和凝聚态物理学的发展。开发能够探究层状材料中层数依赖的光学、电学、力学和热学特性的新技术一直是二维材料领域最活跃的研究方向之一。光热显微镜利用光激发后非辐射跃迁产生的热效应,可实现在单个颗粒或单分子水平上成像与检测,并实时捕捉微观尺度热弛豫和热传输过程。本文对比研究了石墨烯薄片在不同光热介质(空气、甘油)中随厚度变化的光热特性,发现了在两种介质中光热信号强度与样品厚度之间均存在非线性依赖关系。相比于空气介质,甘油介质中光热信号强度具有更高的对比度,且随着厚度增加表现出非单调变化。该研究提供了不同介质环境中不同层数石墨烯光吸收和热弛豫特征的细节信息,相关研究结论将为层状材料及其异质结的热学性质研究提供依据。

UCHL1 promotes the proliferation of porcine granulosa cells by stabilizing CCNB1

Background The proliferation of porcine ovarian granulosa cells(GCs)is essential to follicular development and the ubiquitin–proteasome system is necessary for maintaining cell cycle homeostasis.Previous studies found that the deubiquitinase ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 1(UCHL1)regulates female reproduction,especially in ovarian development.However,the mechanism by which UCHL1 regulates porcine GC proliferation remains unclear.Results UCHL1 overexpression promoted GC proliferation,and knockdown had the opposite effect.UCHL1 is directly bound to cyclin B1(CCNB1),prolonging the half-life of CCNB1 and inhibiting its degradation,thereby promoting GC proliferation.What's more,a flavonoid compound-isovitexin improved the enzyme activity of UCHL1 and promoted the proliferation of porcine GCs.Conclusions UCHL1 promoted the proliferation of porcine GCs by stabilizing CCNB1,and isovitexin enhanced the enzyme activity of UCHL1.These findings reveal the role of UCHL1 and the potential of isovitexin in regulating proliferation and provide insights into identifying molecular markers and nutrients that affect follicle development.

Analysis of the Current Situation of Drug Clinical Trial Institutions in Shaanxi Province

To understand the current situation of institutional registration in Shaanxi Province after the implementation ofregistration system management in drug clinical trial institutions.Relevant information was collected on the“Announcement on the Accreditation of Drug Clinical Trial Institutions”issued by the National Medical Products Administration from 2005 to August 2022,the record management information system of drug and medical device clinical trial institutions,and the drug clinical trial registration and information publicity platform.A retrospective analysis was carried out in terms of institutional development,regional distribution,registered majors,principal investigators,and the number of drug clinical trials.After the implementation of institution registration,the number of drug clinical trial institutions in Shaanxi Province increased by 47.4%,884 principal investigators were registered,the number of registered majors expanded from 58 qualified to 117,and the professional scope increased by 50.4%.The policy of institution registration is conducive to promoting the rational use of medical resources and the development of drug clinical trial institutions and improving the healthy development of the pharmaceutical industry in Shaanxi Province.

Water Splitting:From Electrode to Green Energy System

Hydrogen(H2)production is a latent feasibility of renewable clean energy.The industrial H2 production is obtained from reforming of natural gas,which consumes a large amount of nonrenewable energy and simultaneously produces greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.Electrochemical water splitting is a promising approach for the H2 production,which is sustainable and pollution-free.Therefore,developing efficient and economic technologies for electrochemical water splitting has been an important goal for researchers around the world.The utilization of green energy systems to reduce overall energy consumption is more important for H2 production.Harvesting and converting energy from the environment by different green energy systems for water splitting can efficiently decrease the external power consumption.A variety of green energy systems for efficient producing H2,such as two-electrode electrolysis of water,water splitting driven by photoelectrode devices,solar cells,thermoelectric devices,triboelectric nanogenerator,pyroelectric device or electrochemical water-gas shift device,have been developed recently.In this review,some notable progress made in the different green energy cells for water splitting is discussed in detail.We hoped this review can guide people to pay more attention to the development of green energy system to generate pollution-free H2 energy,which will realize the whole process of H2 production with low cost,pollution-free and energy sustainability conversion.

Spatial distribution of heavy metals(Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd)in sediments of a coastal wetlands in eastern Fujian, China

We investigated the spatial distribution （horizontal and vertical concentrations） of copper （Cu）, lead （Pb）, zinc （Zn）, and cadmium （Cd） in five wetland types （mudflat, aquaculture wetland, water area, farmland wetland and mangrove） from three areas （Ningde, Fuding, and Xiapu）, China. Cu concentrations in five wetland types descended in the order： farm wetland, mudflat, aquaculture, water area and mangrove. Pb concentrations decreased in the order： aquaculture, mangrove, farm wetland, mudflat, and water area. Zn content decreased in the order： farm wetland, water area, aquaculture, mudflat and mangrove, and Cd content decreased as follows： mangrove, aquacul- ture, water area, rnudflat, and farm wetland. Comparison of the concentrations of the same heavy metals in different areas showed that the highest Cu （63.75 mg kg-1） and Zn （152.32mgkg-1） concentrations occurred in Ningdecoastal wetlands; Pb （110.58 mg kg-1） and Cd （2.81 mg kg-1） contents were highest in Fuding wetlands, and the average contents of all heavy metals were very low in Xiapu wetlands. Examination of the vertical distribution showed that the Cu content was high in all mudflat layers; Pb and Cd concentrations were highest in aquaculture and mangrove wetlands, respectively, and Zn content was highest in farm wetlands. The spatial distribution of Cu and Zn contents for different areas decreased as follows： Ningde 〉 Fuding 〉 Xiapu, for Pb and Cd were most concentrated in Fuding coastal wetlands. Concentrations of Zn and Cu were highly correlated, while Zn and Cu were not significantly correlated with Pb.

Laser Synthesis and Microfabrication of Micro/ Nanostructured Materials Toward Energy Conversion and Storage

Nanomaterials are known to exhibit a number of interesting physical and chemical properties for various applications,including energy conversion and storage,nanoscale electronics,sensors and actuators,photonics devices and even for biomedical purposes.In the past decade,laser as a synthetic technique and laser as a microfabrication technique facilitated nanomaterial preparation and nanostructure construction,including the laser processing-induced carbon and non-carbon nanomaterials,hierarchical structure construction,patterning,heteroatom doping,sputtering etching,and so on.The laser-induced nanomaterials and nanostructures have extended broad applications in electronic devices,such as light–thermal conversion,batteries,supercapacitors,sensor devices,actuators and electrocatalytic electrodes.Here,the recent developments in the laser synthesis of carbon-based and non-carbon-based nanomaterials are comprehensively summarized.An extensive overview on laser-enabled electronic devices for various applications is depicted.With the rapid progress made in the research on nanomaterial preparation through laser synthesis and laser microfabrication technologies,laser synthesis and microfabrication toward energy conversion and storage will undergo fast development.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with Nogo-66 receptor gene silencing for repair of spinal cord injury

We hypothesized that RNA interference to silence Nogo-66 receptor gene expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells before transplantation might further improve neurological function in rats with spinal cord transection injury. After 2 weeks, the number of neurons and BrdU-positive cells in the Nogo-66 receptor gene silencing group was higher than in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group, and significantly greater compared with the model group. After 4 weeks, behavioral performance was signiifcantly enhanced in the model group. Af-ter 8 weeks, the number of horseradish peroxidase-labeled nerve ifbers was higher in the Nogo-66 receptor gene silencing group than in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group, and signiifcantly higher than in the model group. The newly formed nerve ifbers and myelinated ner ve ifbers were detectable in the central transverse plane section in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group and in the Nogo-66 receptor gene silencing group.

Developmental Temporal Patterns and Molecular Network Features in the Transcriptome of Rat Spinal Cord

The molecular network features of spinal cord development that are integral to tissue engineering remain poorly understood in placental mammals,especially in terms of their relationships with vital biological processes such as regeneration.Here,using a large-scale temporal transcriptomic analysis of rat spinal cord from the embryonic stage to adulthood,we show that fluctuating RNA expression levels reflect highly active transcriptional regulation,which may initiate spinal cord patterning.We also demonstrate that microRNAs(miRNAs)and transcriptional factors exhibit a mosaic profile based on their expression patterns,while differential alternative splicing events reveal that alternative splicing may be a driving force for the development of the node of Ranvier.Our study also supports the existence of a negative correlation between innate immunity and intrinsic growth capacity.Epigenetic modifications appear to perform their respective regulatory functions at different stages of development,while guanine nucleotidebinding protein(G protein)-coupled receptors(including olfactory receptors(ORs))may perform pleiotropic roles in axonal growth.This study provides a valuable resource for investigating spinal cord development and complements the increasing number of single-cell datasets.These findings also provide a genetic basis for the development of novel tissue engineering strategies.

Leptin promotes proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by upregulating the expression of SIRT1

Osteosarcoma(OS)is a primary high-grade malignant bone neoplasm,and the prognosis ofOS remains poor due to early metastasis.Leptin plays an essential role in tumorigenesis,but the role of leptin in the development of OS is still not fully understood.In this study,we used a human osteosarcomaMG-63 cell line as an experimentalmodel.MG-63 cells were treated with leptin,and cell proliferation,apoptosis,adhesion,invasion,and gene expression,were evaluated.The results showed that leptin promoted proliferation,decreased adhesion,suppressed apoptosis,and promoted invasion,of MG-63 cells.Moreover,the expression of SIRT1 was upregulated in MG-63 cells exposed to leptin.Furthermore,MMP-2,8,and 9 were significantly upregulated by SIRT1,while SIRT1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and invasion of MG-63 cells.In conclusion,our results suggest that leptin promotes OS cell proliferation and invasion by inducing the expression of SIRT1.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale in children with acute leukemia

Background:The PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale(PedsQL^(TM)MFS)is widely used to rate fatigue in children living in English-speaking countries.However,insufficient instruments are available to conduct parallel assessment on fatigue in parents and children in China.In this regard,an appropriate measurement method must be developed.Objectives:This study aims to determine the reliability and validity of the Chinese-language PedsQL^(TM)MFS.Methods:Children with cancer(n=125)and their parents were surveyed in Guangzhou,China.The parents of children aged 2e4 years completed the PedsQL^(TM)MFS proxy reports,whereas the other children and their parents completed the questionnaires by themselves.Results:The PedsQL^(TM)MFS-Chinese version demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency reliability(child self-report Cronbach's a=0.87;parent self-report Cronbach's a=0.93).The factor loadings of the items ranged from 0.78 to 0.87 for general fatigue,0.56e0.78 for sleep/rest fatigue,and 0.62e0.89 for cognitive fatigue.Conclusion:This study proves that the PedsQL^(TM)MFS-Chinese version is an effective tool for screening fatigue in Chinese children with cancer.

Gradient-structure-enhanced dielectric energy storage performance of flexible nanocomposites containing controlled preparation of defective TiO_(2) and ferroelectric KNbO_(3) nanosheets

Next generation power system needs dielectrics with increased dielectric energy density.However,the low energy density of dielectrics limits their development.Here,an asymmetric trilayered nanocomposite,with a transition layer(TL),an insulation layer(IL),and a polarization layer(PL),is designed based on poly(vinylidene fluoride)-polymethyl methacrylate(PVDF-PMMA)matrix using KNbO_(3)(KN)and TiO_(2)(TO)as the nanofillers.The morphology and defect control of the two-dimensional nano KN and nano TO fillers are realized via a hydrothermal method to increase the composite breakdown strength(E_(b))and the composite energy density(U_(e)).The asymmetric trilayered structure leads to a gradient electric field distribution,and the KN and TO nanosheets block charges transfer along z direction.As a result,the development path of the electrical trees is greatly curved,and E_(b) is effectively improved.And the Ue value of the nanocomposites reaches 17.79 J·cm^(-3) at 523 MV·m^(-1).On the basis,the composite Ue is further improved by defect control in TO nanosheets.The nanocomposite KN/TO/PVDF-PMMA containing TO with less oxygen vacancy concentration(calcined at oxygen atmosphere)acquires a high Ue of 21.61 J·cm^(-3) at 548 MV·m^(-1).This study provides an idea for improving the energy storage performance by combining the design of the composite dielectric structure and the control of nanofillers’defect and morphology.

Dronedarone inhibits the proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through the CDK4/CDK6-RB1 axis in vitro and in vivo

Treatment options for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)often result in poor prognosis and declining health-related quality of life.Screening FDA-approved drugs for cancer chemoprevention is a promising and cost-efficient strategy.Here,we found that dronedarone,an antiarrhythmic drug,could inhibit the proliferation of ESCC cells.Moreover,we conducted phosphorylomics analysis to investigate the mechanism of dronedarone-treated ESCC cells.Through computational docking models and pull-down assays,we demonstrated that dronedarone could directly bind to CDK4 and CDK6 kinases.We also proved that dronedarone effectively inhibited ESCC proliferation by targeting CDK4/CDK6 and blocking the G0/G1 phase through RB1 phosphorylation inhibition by in vitro kinase assays and cell cycle assays.Subsequently,we found that knocking out CDK4 and CDK6 decreased the susceptibility of ESCC cells to dronedarone.Furthermore,dronedarone suppressed the growth of ESCC in patient-derived tumor xenograft models in vivo.Thus,our study demonstrated that dronedarone could be repurposed as a CDK4/6 inhibitor for ESCC chemoprevention.

Naturally occurring PA^(E206K)point mutation in 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza viruses impairs viral replication at high temperatures

The emergence of influenza virus A pandemic H1N1 in April 2009 marked the first pandemic of the 21st century.In this study,we observed significant differences in the polymerase activities of two clinical 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus isolates from Chinese and Japanese patients.Sequence comparison of the three main protein subunits(PB2,PB1,and PA)of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex and subsequent mutational analysis revealed that a single amino acid substitution(E206K)was responsible for the observed impaired replication phenotype.Further in vitro experiments showed that presence of PAE206K decreased the replication of influenza A/WSN/33 virus in mammalian cells and a reduction in the virus’s pathogenicity in vivo.Mechanistic studies revealed that PAE206K is a temperature-sensitive mutant associated with the inability to transport PB1–PA complex to the nucleus at high temperature(39.5℃).Hence,this naturally occurring variant in the PA protein represents an ideal candidate mutation for the development of live attenuated influenza vaccines.

强凸Kähler-Finsler度量的Ricci曲率

本文研究强凸Kähler-Finsler空间的几何性质.通过讨论实、复测地系数之间的联系,获得了Kähler-Finsler流形上复结构的弱平行性,进而发现复Ricci曲率的虚部恰好是Ξ曲率.此外,对于Kähler-Berwald度量而言,本文证明了实Einstein与复Einstein的一致性.

Photomediated core modification of diaryl dihydrophenzines through three-component alkylarylation of alkenes toward organocatalyzed ATRP

The design and synthesis of a novel organic photocatalyst(OPC)have attracted broad interest from both the organic chemistry and polymer community.Herein,we presented a visible-light-induced alkylarylation of alkenes strategy for core modification of 5,10-diaryl-5,10-dihydrophenazines(DADHPs)under metal-and additive-free conditions,with the aim to develop powerful photocatalyst for organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization(O-ATRP).Good tolerance for a wide variety of functional groups and affording the corresponding tetrasubstituted products in moderate to good yields were achieved in the batch and flow reactor.The experimental and computational mechanistic study confirmed that DADHPs’radical cations andπ-πstacking interactions played important roles in the alkylarylation of alkenes.A series of the tetrasubstituted DADHPs were directly synthesized from the corresponding noncore-modified phenazines,which were demonstrated to be effective organic photoredox catalysts for O-ATRP.Light responsive nature,controlled polymerization manner,and welldefined poly(methyl methacrylate)were achieved via tetrasubstituted DADHPs mediated O-ATRP.

血沉与C-反应蛋白比值在假体周围感染中的诊断价值分析

目的:评估血沉与C-反应蛋白比值在诊断假体周围感染患者中的诊断价值。方法:本研究回顾性分析了从2015年1月至2020年12月住院的81例患者,PJI的诊断根据骨与肌肉感染协会2014年感染诊断标准。随访并比较了联合应用血沉与C-反应蛋白比值与经典诊断指标血沉与C-反应蛋白之间的诊断效能。结果:本研究共收集46例为无菌性松动患者组和35例关节假体周围感染组;男性32例,女性49例;感染组患者与非感染组患者平均年龄分别为(64.7±12.2)岁和(61.8±12.9)岁。感染组血沉、C-反应蛋白、血沉/C-反应蛋白比值以及白细胞计数均高于非感染组(P<0.001)。血沉与C-反应蛋白比值具有89.1%的灵敏度和82.7%的特异度,其AUC为0.882明显高于血沉(AUC,0.831),其诊断效能与C-反应蛋白(AUC,0.889)相当。血沉与C-反应蛋白比值相比经典诊断指标血沉与C-反应蛋白有较高的特异度和阳性预测值。结论:C-反应蛋白和血沉做为经典诊断指标,其比值能够有效提高诊断的特异性和阳性预测值,其有助于准确区分假体周围感染和无菌松动。

T2T-YAO: A Telomere-to-telomere Assembled Diploid Reference Genome for Han Chinese

Since its initial release in 2001,the human reference genome has undergone continuous improvement in quality,and the recently released telomere-to-telomere(T2T)version-T2T-CHM13—reaches its highest level of continuity and accuracy after 20 years of effort by working on a simplified,nearly homozygous genome of a hydatidiform mole cell line.Here,to provide an authentic complete diploid human genome reference for the Han Chinese,the largest population in the world,we assembled the genome of a male Han Chinese individual,T2T-YAO,which includes T2T assemblies of all the 22+X+M and 22+Y chromosomes in both haploids.The quality of T2T-YAO is much better than those of all currently available diploid assemblies,and its haploid version,T2T-YAO-hp,generated by selecting the better assembly for each autosome,reaches the top quality of fewer than one error per 29.5 Mb,even higher than that of T2T-CHM13.Derived from an individual living in the aboriginal region of the Han population,T2T-YAO shows clear ancestry and potential genetic continuity from the ancient ancestors.Each haplotype of T2TYAO possesses330-Mb exclusive sequences,3100 unique genes,and tens of thousands of nucleotide and structural variations as compared with CHM13,highlighting the necessity of a population-stratified reference genome.The construction of T2T-YAO,an accurate and authentic representative of the Chinese population,would enable precise delineation of genomic variations and advance our understandings in the hereditability of diseases and phenotypes,especially within the context of the unique variations of the Chinese population.

Green and large-scale production of ammonia:Laser-driven pyrolysis of nitrogen-enriched biomass

As a vital chemical,ammonia(NH3)plays an irreplaceable role in many fields such as chemical synthesis and energy storage.Green renewable biomass can be converted into biofuels,but its nitrogen resources are underused throughout.Laser-driven pyrolysis is envisaged to debuts as a bridge to connect them to realize the direct conversion from nitrogen-rich biomass into ammonia.The pulsed laser-induced local-transient thermal effect recognized the biological nitrogen resources conversion,such as cheap and plentiful yeasts,to small gaseous molecules and achieved spectacular ammonia production rate up to 260.4 mg/h,an order of magnitude higher performance than thermochemical ammonia synthesis.Simultaneously,the tiny hot point generated by a low-energy laser(20W)guarantees the whole ammonia synthesis reaction systemis in amild environment of low temperature and normal pressure.Additionally,the remaining solid residue after laser-driven pyrolysis also can be further exploited as a highly active catalyst for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NIRR).

Constructed TiO_(2)/WO_(3)heterojunction with strengthened nano-trees structure for highly stable electrochromic energy storage device

Tungsten trioxide(WO_(3))has been widely regarded as a prospective bifunctional material due to its electrochromic and pseudocapacitive properties,while still facing the dilemma of inadequate cycle stability and trapping-induced degradation.Here,inspired by the trees-strengthening approach,a unique titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))nanorod arrays strengthened WO_(3)nano-trees(TWNTs)heterojunction was rationally designed and constructed.In sharp contrast to the transmittance modulation(ΔT)attenuation of primary WO_(3)nano-trees during cycling,the TWNTs film showed not only excellent electrochromic performance but also fascinating cycle stability(77.35%retention of the initialΔT after 10,000 cycles).Besides,the trapping-induced degradation could be easily rejuvenated by a potentiostatic de-trapping process.An electrochromic energy storage device(EESD)was further assembled based on the TWNTs film to deliver excellentΔT(up to 79.5%at 633 nm),fast switching speed(tc/tb=1.9 s/14.8 s),extremely high coloration efficiency value(443.4 cm^(2)·C^(−1)),and long-term cycle stability(over 10,000 charge/discharge cycles).This innovative study provided in-depth insights into the electrochromism nature and a significant step in the realization of stable electrochromic-energy storage application,paving the way for multifunctional smart windows as well as next-generation optoelectronic devices.