Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Database Created by the China Meteorological Administration

This paper describes the access to, and the content, characteristics, and potential applications of the tropical cyclone(TC) database that is maintained and actively developed by the China Meteorological Administration, with the aim of facilitating its use in scientific research and operational services. This database records data relating to all TCs that have passed through the western North Pacific(WNP) and South China Sea(SCS) since 1949. TC data collection has expanded over recent decades via continuous TC monitoring using remote sensing and specialized field detection techniques,allowing collation of a multi-source TC database for the WNP and SCS that covers a long period, with wide coverage and many observational elements. This database now comprises a wide variety of information related to TCs, such as historical or real-time locations(i.e., best track and landfall), intensity, dynamic and thermal structures, wind strengths, precipitation amounts, and frequency. This database will support ongoing research into the processes and patterns associated with TC climatic activity and TC forecasting.

云纹石斑鱼、七带石斑鱼及杂交F1肌肉营养成分分析

为确定并比较云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)、七带石斑鱼(Epinephelus septemfasciatus)及其云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)♀ ×七带石斑鱼(Epinephelus septemfasciatus)♂杂交F1的营养成分及差异,对3种石斑鱼的6月龄幼鱼进行肌肉营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质和微量元素的组成及含量分析。结果表明,七带石斑鱼粗蛋白(17.40%)和粗脂肪(5.40%)含量最高,杂交F1水分(77.00%)含量最高;七带石斑鱼肌肉中总氨基酸(13.11%)含量、必须氨基酸(4.88%)含量以及鲜味氨基酸(4.13%)含量均最高,并且比例最为适宜;3种石斑鱼多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)与饱和脂肪酸(SFA)比例均符合理想脂肪酸的标准,其中杂交F1的多不饱和脂肪酸(33.50%)含量最高,并且EPA和DHA(16.13%)含量最高,七带石斑鱼的单不饱和脂肪酸(36.23%)含量最高;七带石斑鱼的铜、钙、钾、磷、镁含量最高,杂交F1的铁、钠含量最高,云纹石斑鱼锌含量最高。研究表明,3种石斑鱼中,七带石斑鱼是最为优质的蛋白源,杂交F1和七带石斑鱼中不饱和脂肪酸含量高,杂交F1多不饱和脂肪酸含量具有明显优势,具有较高的营养和经济价值。

Petrogenesis, geochemistry and geological significance of Paleocene Granite in South Gangdese, Tibet

The Gangdese magmatic belt,located along the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane,plays a critical role in understanding the tectonic framework associated with the Indian-Asian slab collision.In this paper,a chronology of zircon U-Pb and geochemical analysis of the rock of the Cuobulaguo granitic mass in the southern of the Gangdese,Tibet,revealed a series of results.The results show that the LA-ICP-MS monzonitic granite zircon U-Pb ages are 61-59 Ma,which corresponds to the same period as the magmatic arc of the southern limit of Gangdese.In terms of geochemical composition,the granite is rich inω(SiO2)70.09%to 72.64%,with a highω(Al2O3)14.40%to 15.99%,a lowω(TiO2)0.08%to 0.24%,ω(MgO)0.41%to 0.76%,ω(Fe2O)6.82%to 29.9%,ω(P2Os)0.07%to 0.12%,andω(CaO)1.06%to 1.75%.The granite mainly belongs to the high-K calc-alkaline series.The light rare earth element(LREE)content of skeletal granite is between 133.69×10^-6〜226.64×10^-6 and the heavy rare earth element(HREE)content is between 17.36×10^-6 and 32.11×10^-6.LREE/HREE is between 5.05 and 7.83.It is enriched in light rare earth elements(LREE)and large ion lithophile elements,such as Rb,K,U,etc.,depletes high field strength elements,such as P,Nb,and Ta,and has the geochemical composition of arc magmatic rocks.In addition,the aluminum saturation index(A/CNK=1.06 to 1.11)of Cuobulaguo granite,belongs toⅠ-type granite.The comprehensive analysis showed that with the beginning of the collision between the Indian-Asian continental,the subduction ocean plate was separated from the continental plate due to gravity,resulting in an increase in the asthenosphere,which made partial fusion of the lithospheric mantle.It invaded the bottom of the lower crust,which in turn induced a partial melting of the lower crust to form granite.

Semi-Ellipsoid Nanoarray for Angle-Independent Plasmonic Color Printing

Employing a silver nano semi-ellipsoid nanoarray with high symmetry into applications in plasmonic color printing,we fulfill printing images with colors independent of observing angles.Also,by decreasing the period of a nano semi-ellipsoid array into deep-subwavelength scales,we obtain high reflectivity over 50%,promising high efficiency for imaging generations.A facile technique based on the transfer of anodized aluminum oxide template is developed to fabricate the silver nano semi-ellipsoid nanoarray,realizing plasmonic color printing with features of low cost,scalable,full color and high flexibility.Our approach provides a feasible way to address the angledependent issue in the previous practice of plasmonic color printing,and boosts this field on its way to real-world commercial applications.

Perturbative countersurveillance metaoptics with compound nanosieves

The progress of metaoptics relies on identifying photonic materials and geometries,the combination of which represents a promising approach to complex and desired optical functionalities.Material candidate options are primarily limited by natural availability.Thus,the search for meta-atom geometries,by either forward or inverse means,plays a pivotal role in achieving more sophisticated phenomena.Past efforts mainly focused on building the geometric library of individual meta-atoms and synthesizing various ones into a design.However,those efforts neglected the powerfulness of perturbative metaoptics due to the perception that perturbations are usually regarded as adverse and in need of being suppressed.Here,we report a perturbation-induced countersurveillance strategy using compound nanosieves mediated by structural and thermal perturbations.Private information can be almost perfectly concealed and camouflaged by the induced thermal-spectral drifts,enabling information storage and exchange in a covert way.This perturbative metaoptics can self-indicate whether the hidden information has been attacked during delivery.Our results establish a perturbative paradigm of securing a safer world of information and internet of things.

Integrating lattice and gap plasmonic modes to construct dual-mode metasurfaces for enhancing light–matter interaction

Photonic structures with optical resonances beyond a single controllable mode are strongly desired for enhancing light±matter interactions and bringing about advanced photonic devices. However, the realization of effective multimodal photonic structures has been restricted by the limited tunable range of mode manipulation, the spatial dispersions of electric fields or the polarization-dependent excitations. To overcome these limitations, we create a dualmode metasurface by integrating the plasmonic surface lattice resonance and the gap plasmonic modes;this metasurface offers a widely tunable spectral range, good overlap in the spatial distribution of electric fields, and polarization independence of excitation light. To show that such dual-mode metasurfaces are versatile platforms for enhancing light±matter interactions, we experimentally demonstrate a significant enhancement of second-harmonic generation using our design, with a conversion efficiency of 1±3 orders of magnitude larger than those previously obtained in plasmonic systems. These results may inspire new designs for functional multimodal photonic structures.

Microscopic pump-probe optical technique to characterize the defect of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are ideal materials for atomically thin,flexible optoelec.tronic and catalytic devices.However,their optoelectrical performance such as quantum yield and carrier mobility often shows below theoretical expectations due to the existence of defects.For monolayer TMD-based devices,finding a low-cost,time-efficient, and nondestructive technique to visualize the change of defect distribution in the space domain and the defect-induced change of the carrier's lifetime is vital for optimizing their optoelectronic properties.Here, we propose a microscopic pump-probe technique to map the defect distribution of monolayer TMDs.It is found that there is a linear relationship between transient differential reflection intensity and defect density,suggesting that this technique not only realizes the visualization of the defect distribution but also achieves the quantitative estimation of defect density.Moreover,the carrier lifetime at each point can also be obtained by the technique. The technique used here provides a new route to characterize the defect of monolayer TMDs on the micro-zone, which will hopefiilly guide the fabrication of high-quality two-dimensional (2D) materials and the promotion of optoelectrical performance.

Consistency correction of echo intensity data for multiple radar systems and its application in quantitative estimation of typhoon precipitation

Calibration error is one of the primary sources of bias in echo intensity measurements by ground-based radar systems.Calibration errors cause data discontinuity between adjacent radars and reduce the effectiveness of the radar system.The Global Precipitation Measurement Kuband Precipitation Radar(GPM KuPR)has been shown to provide stable long-term observations.In this study,GPM KuPR observations were converted to S-band approximations,which were then matched spatially and temporally with ground-based radar observations.The measurements of stratiform precipitation below the melting layer collected by the KuPR during Typhoon Ampil were compared with those of multiple radar systems in the Yangtze River Delta to determine the deviations in the echo intensity between the KuPR and the ground-based radar systems.The echo intensity data collected by the ground-based radar systems was corrected using the KuPR observations as reference,and the correction results were verified by comparing them with rain gauge observations.It was found that after the correction,the consistency of the echo intensity measurements of the multiple radar systems improved significantly,and the precipitation estimates based on the revised ground-based radar observations were closer to the rain gauge measurements.