This study aims to discriminate between leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1(LGI1)antibody encephalitis and gammaaminobutyric acid B(GABAB)receptor antibody encephalitis using a convolutional neural network(CNN)model.A t...This study aims to discriminate between leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1(LGI1)antibody encephalitis and gammaaminobutyric acid B(GABAB)receptor antibody encephalitis using a convolutional neural network(CNN)model.A total of 81 patients were recruited for this study.ResNet18,VGG16,and ResNet50 were trained and tested separately using 3828 positron emission tomography image slices that contained the medial temporal lobe(MTL)or basal ganglia(BG).Leave-one-out cross-validation at the patient level was used to evaluate the CNN models.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the ROC curve(AUC)were generated to evaluate the CNN models.Based on the prediction results at slice level,a decision strategy was employed to evaluate the CNN models’performance at patient level.The ResNet18 model achieved the best performance at the slice(AUC=0.86,accuracy=80.28%)and patient levels(AUC=0.98,accuracy=96.30%).Specifically,at the slice level,73.28%(1445/1972)of image slices with GABAB receptor antibody encephalitis and 87.72%(1628/1856)of image slices with LGI1 antibody encephalitis were accurately detected.At the patient level,94.12%(16/17)of patients with GABAB receptor antibody encephalitis and 96.88%(62/64)of patients with LGI1 antibody encephalitis were accurately detected.Heatmaps of the image slices extracted using gradient-weighted class activation mapping indicated that the model focused on the MTL and BG for classification.In general,the ResNet18 model is a potential approach for discriminating between LGI1 and GABAB receptor antibody encephalitis.Metabolism in the MTL and BG is important for discriminating between these two encephalitis subtypes.展开更多
Background:Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(BA)and Bacillus subtilis(BS)are usually used as feed supplements directly or bacterial inoculants in biological feeds for animals.However,few research have reported the effects of...Background:Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(BA)and Bacillus subtilis(BS)are usually used as feed supplements directly or bacterial inoculants in biological feeds for animals.However,few research have reported the effects of BA and BS on fermentation characteristics and bacterial community successions of whole-plant corn silage during ensiling.If the BA and BS inoculants have positive effects on silages,then they could not only improve fermentation characteristics,but also deliver BA or BS viable cells to ruminants,which would play its probiotic effect.Therefore,the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of BA and BS on the fermentation,chemical characteristics,bacterial community and their metabolic pathway of whole-plant corn silage.Results:Freshly chopped whole-plant corn was inoculated without or with BA and BS,respectively,and ensiled for1,3,7,14 and 60 d.Results showed that BA and BS inoculations increased lactic acid concentrations of whole-plant corn silages compared with control,and BA inoculation decreased acetic acid concentrations,whereas BS inoculation decreased fiber contents and increased crude protein(CP)content.Higher water-soluble carbohydrate contents and lower starch contents were observed in BA-and BS-inoculated silages compared with that in control.The decreased CP content and increased non-protein nitrogen content were observed in BA-inoculated silage,which was consistent with the higher amino acid metabolism abundances observed in BA-inoculated silage.In addition,it was noteworthy that BA and BS inoculations increased the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins,and decreased the relative abundances of drug resistance:antimicrobial pathways.We also found that the bacterial metabolism pathways were clearly separated into three clusters based on the ensiling times of whole-plant corn silage in the present study.There were no significant differences in bacterial community compositions among the three groups during ensiling.However,BA and BS inoculations decreased the relative abundances of undesirable bacteria such as Acetobacter and Acinetobacter.Conclusion:Our findings suggested that the BS strain was more suitable as silage inoculants than the BA strain in whole-plant corn silage in this study.展开更多
Implementing national to community-based 'One Health' strategy for human,animal and environmental challenges and migrating-led consequences offer great opportunities,and its value of sustained development and ...Implementing national to community-based 'One Health' strategy for human,animal and environmental challenges and migrating-led consequences offer great opportunities,and its value of sustained development and wellbeing is an imperative.'One Health' strategy in policy commitment,partnership and financial investment are much needed in advocacy,contextual health human-animal and environmental development.Therefore,appropriate and evidence-based handling and management strategies in moving forward universal health coverage and sustainable development goals (SDGs) are essential components to the China-Africa health development initiatives.It is necessary to understand how to strengthen robust and sustainable 'One Health' approach implementation in national and regional public health and disaster risk reduction programs.Understanding the foundation of'One Health' strategy in China-Africa public health cooperation is crucial in fostering health systems preparedness and smart response against emerging and re-emerging threats and epidemics.Building the value of China-Africa 'One Health' strategy partnerships,frameworks and capacity development and implementation through leveraging on current and innovative China-Africa health initiatives,but also,mobilizing efforts on climatic changes and disasters mitigation and lifestyle adaptations strategies against emerging and current infectious diseases threats are essential to establish epidemic surveillance-response system under the concept of global collaborative coordination and lasting financing mechanisms.Further strengthen local infrastructure and workforce capacity,participatory accountability and transparency on 'One Health' approach will benefit to set up infectious diseases of poverty projects,and effective monitoring and evaluation systems in achieving African Union 2063 Agenda and SDGs targets both in Africa and China.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impairments in multiple cognitive domains and it is hard to diagnose in early stage because it’s not easy to recognize and devel...Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impairments in multiple cognitive domains and it is hard to diagnose in early stage because it’s not easy to recognize and develop slowly. In this study, we try to evaluate the difference of white matter between AD and health volunteers using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and try to provide some evidence for diagnose AD in early stage. Twelve elderly Chinese patients with AD and twelve healthy volunteers were recruited and underwent DTI. The raw diffusion data were dealt with the toolkit of FSL image post-processing. Fractional anisotrogy (FA) data were then carried out by using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). The result showed that the FA of cingulum, hippocampus, corticospinal tract, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus significantly reduced in AD patients than that of volunteers. This indicated that the integrity of white matter tracts in these regions with AD was disturbed. On the other hand, the FA of other encephalic regions had no discrepancy compared with that of healthy volunteers. FA values were found reduced significantly in AD patients, especially in the posterior of the brain. These findings may provide image methods to diagnose patients with early stage of AD.展开更多
Background:Schistosomiasis japonica is still endemic in the People’s Republic of China(P.R.China)in five provinces of lake and marshland regions and in two provinces of mountainous regions.Studies elucidated that ind...Background:Schistosomiasis japonica is still endemic in the People’s Republic of China(P.R.China)in five provinces of lake and marshland regions and in two provinces of mountainous regions.Studies elucidated that individual and community perception,attitudes towards schistosomiasis,and hygiene behaviors were crucial factors for preventing schistosomiasis.This study sought to assess the knowledge of,attitudes towards,and practices(KAP)relating to schistosomiasis in two subtypes of a mountainous region in Eryuan County,Yunnan Province,P.R.China.The study’s aim is to make suggestions for establishing more specific and effective control measures for disease transmission and interruption in two subtypes of a mountainous region with low-level infection rates.Methods:A cross-sectional study of 3,000 inhabitants was carried out in the Yongle(plateau basin)and Xinzhuang(plateau canyon)communities of Eryuan County,Yunnan Province in November and December 2011.Stratified cluster random sampling was undertaken using a uniform set of quantitative questionnaires administered by trained assistants.This was further supported with qualitative data from in-depth interviews(IDIs)conducted with ten farmers and ten students.All participants were examined for schistosomiasis using both a serological test(indirect hemagglutination assay[IHA])and a stool examination(Kato-Katz).Results:The total schistosomiasis knowledge rate in Yongle(83.4%)was significantly lower than that in Xinzhuang(95.5%).In both communities,among the respondents aged 15 years or below,more than one third didn’t know the name,endemic areas,and animal reservoirs of schistosomiasis.The majority of respondents in Eryuan acquired their schistosomiasis knowledge from doctors,followed by handouts and hearing from others.The infection rate was once the highest in Yongle,but is now the highest in Xinzhuang,where there are more risk factors for schistosomiasis,such as frequently grazing cattle,digging vegetables or cutting grass in the field,as well as raising cattle by free grazing.Conclusion:In short,Eryuan County’s overall knowledge rate of schistosomiasis was found to be high.Due to various dominating risk factors,different control strategies should be designed keeping in mind the two different subtypes of endemic areas for schistosomiasis in mountainous regions,namely plateau basins and plateau canyons.展开更多
Background:Bacterial diarrhea is one of the most common causes for medical consultations,mortality and morbidity in the world.Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli(DEC)and non-typhoidal Salmonella(NTS)are major intestinal pa...Background:Bacterial diarrhea is one of the most common causes for medical consultations,mortality and morbidity in the world.Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli(DEC)and non-typhoidal Salmonella(NTS)are major intestinal pathogens in developing countries,and the indiscriminate use of antibiotics has greatly contributed to resistant strains.Hence,the aim of the present study is to identify the antimicrobial resistance patterns and the molecular characteristics of DEC and NTS in southwest,China.Methods:1121 diarrheal patients and 319 non-diarrheal subjects across all age groups were recruited from four sentinel hospitals from June 2014 to July 2015 in Kunming City,Yunnan Province.Each stool specimen was collected to detect DEC and NTS with standard microbiological and molecular methods.Antimicrobial resistance testing was performed with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method,and the standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing complied with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI).Molecular characterization of strains was carried out using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE).A structured questionnaire was used to record basic epidemiological data(e.g.sex,age,residence,season,etc.).Data were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test.Results:DEC was detected in 127(11.33%)diarrhea cases and 9(2.82%)non-diarrheal cases(χ^(2)=20.69,P<0.001,OR=4.36,95%CI:2.19-8.65),and the prevalence of NTS isolated from diarrhea cases was higher than that of non-diarrheal cases across all age groups(n=42,3.75%,n=1,0.31%,χ^(2)=10.10,P=0.002,OR=12.38,95%CI:1.70-90.29).The rates of resistance to ten antibiotics of DEC and NTS showed significant differences(χ^(2)=386.77,P<0.001;χ^(2)=191.16,P<0.001).The rates of resistance to Amoxicillin and Clavulafiate(AMC),Cephalothin(CEP),Gentamicin(GEN)and Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim(SXT)of DEC isolated from diarrhea cases were higher than those of NTS isolated from diarrhea patients(37.01%vs 14.29%,χ^(2)=7.57,P=0.006;29.92%vs 11.90%,χ^(2)=5.40,P=0.02;37.01%vs 11.90%,χ^(2)=5.80,P=0.016;62.20%vs 26.19%,χ^(2)=16.44,P<0.001;respectively).Ciprofloxacin(CIP)was the most sensitive antibiotic for DEC and NTS strains isolated from diarrhea cases.Resistance rates of DEC isolates from cases and controls to more than three kinds antimicrobials(multidrug resistance,MDR)showed no significant differences(81.10%vs 88.89%,P=0.33).Pulsotype patterns of DEC strains were highly diverse;however,the pulsotype pattern of NTS strains was closely related to the serotype.The pattern of S.enteritidis was highly similar,but the S.enterica Typhimurium strain was discrete.Conclusions:Antibiotic resistance of Enterobacteriaceae is of great concern.The societal effects of antibiotic use justify strict monitoring to combat increases in antimicrobial resistance.Molecular epidemiology and systematic epidemiological investigation can provide accurate evidence for tracking the infection source.展开更多
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)is a growing concern as an emerging tick-borne infectious disease originating from the SFTS virus(SFTSV),a recent addition to the Phlebovirus genus under the family of ...Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)is a growing concern as an emerging tick-borne infectious disease originating from the SFTS virus(SFTSV),a recent addition to the Phlebovirus genus under the family of bunyaviruses.SFTS is typically identified by symptoms such as fever,thrombocytopenia,leukopenia,and gastrointestinal problems,accompanied by a potentially high case fatality rate.Thus,early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment and disease management.This review delves into the existing methodologies for SFTS detection,including pathogenic,molecular,and immunological technologies.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs) are potentially useful in many areas such as bioimaging, light-emitting diodes, and sensing because of their excellent optical properties, high biocompatibility, and low toxicity.Knowledge of their ph...Carbon dots(CDs) are potentially useful in many areas such as bioimaging, light-emitting diodes, and sensing because of their excellent optical properties, high biocompatibility, and low toxicity.Knowledge of their photoluminescence(PL) mechanisms, which have been widely studied, is of significance in guiding the synthesis and promoting applications of CDs with tunable PL emissions. However,the intrinsic mechanism of PL emission remains unclear, and a unified mechanism has not been found because of differences in particle structures. This review generalizes the categories of CDs, noting their structural diversity. Three types of PL mechanism pertaining to structural differences are outlined: internal factors dominated emission(including the conjugation effect, the surface state, and the synergistic effect), external factors dominated emission(including the molecular state and the environment effect),and crosslink-enhanced emission. Optical applications of CDs are also briefly mentioned. Finally, the prospects for research into PL mechanisms are discussed, noting the remaining challenges and directions for future work.展开更多
Tropical diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries.Although combined health efforts brought about significant improvements over the past 20 years,communities in resource-constrai...Tropical diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries.Although combined health efforts brought about significant improvements over the past 20 years,communities in resource-constrained settings lack the means of strengthening their environment in directions that would provide less favourable conditions for pathogens.Still,the impact of infectious diseases is declining worldwide along with progress made regarding responses to basic health problems and improving health services delivery to the most vulnerable populations.The London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTDs),initiated by the World Health Organization’s NTD roadmap,set out the path towards control and eventual elimination of several tropical diseases by 2020,providing an impetus for local and regional disease elimination programmes.Tropical diseases are often patchy and erratic,and there are differing priorities in resources-limited and endemic countries at various levels of their public health systems.In order to identify and prioritize strategic research on elimination of tropical diseases,the‘First Forum on Surveillance-Response System Leading to Tropical Diseases Elimination’was convened in Shanghai in June 2012.Current strategies and the NTD roadmap were reviewed,followed by discussions on how to identify and critically examine prevailing challenges and opportunities,including inter-sectoral collaboration and approaches for elimination of several infectious,tropical diseases.A priority research agenda within a‘One Health-One World’frame of global health was developed,including(i)the establishment of a platform for resource-sharing and effective surveillance-response systems for Asia Pacific and Africa with an initial focus on elimination of lymphatic filariasis,malaria and schistosomiasis;(ii)development of new strategies,tools and approaches,such as improved diagnostics and antimalarial therapies;(iii)rigorous validation of surveillance-response systems;and(iv)designing pilot studies to transfer Chinese experiences of successful surveillance-response systems to endemic countries with limited resources.展开更多
Background:A One Health approach has been increasingly mainstreamed by the international community, as it provides for holistic thinking in recognizing the close links and inter-dependence of the health of humans, ani...Background:A One Health approach has been increasingly mainstreamed by the international community, as it provides for holistic thinking in recognizing the close links and inter-dependence of the health of humans, animals and the environment. However, the dearth of real-world evidence has hampered application of a One Health approach in shaping policies and practice. This study proposes the development of a potential evaluation tool for One Health performance, in order to contribute to the scientific measurement of One Health approach and the identification of gaps where One Health capacity building is most urgently needed.Methods:We describe five steps towards a global One Health index (GOHI), including (i) framework formulation;(ii) indicator selection;(iii) database building;(iv) weight determination;and (v) GOHI scores calculation. A cell-like framework for GOHI is proposed, which comprises an external drivers index (EDI), an intrinsic drivers index (IDI) and a core drivers index (CDI). We construct the indicator scheme for GOHI based on this framework after multiple rounds of panel discussions with our expert advisory committee. A fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is adopted to determine the weights for each of the indicators.Results:The weighted indicator scheme of GOHI comprises three first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators, and 57 third-level indicators. According to the pilot analysis based on the data from more than 200 countries/territories the GOHI scores overall are far from ideal (the highest score of 65.0 out of a maximum score of 100), and we found considerable variations among different countries/territories (31.8–65.0). The results from the pilot analysis are consistent with the results from a literature review, which suggests that a GOHI as a potential tool for the assessment of One Health performance might be feasible.Conclusions:GOHI—subject to rigorous validation—would represent the world’s first evaluation tool that constructs the conceptual framework from a holistic perspective of One Health. Future application of GOHI might promote a common understanding of a strong One Health approach and provide reference for promoting effective measures to strengthen One Health capacity building. With further adaptations under various scenarios, GOHI, along with its technical protocols and databases, will be updated regularly to address current technical limitations, and capture new knowledge.展开更多
Red-emissive carbon dots(R-CDs)have been widely studied because of their potential application in tissue imaging and optoelectronic devices.At present,most R-CDs are synthesized by using aromatic precursors,but the sy...Red-emissive carbon dots(R-CDs)have been widely studied because of their potential application in tissue imaging and optoelectronic devices.At present,most R-CDs are synthesized by using aromatic precursors,but the synthesis of R-CDs from non-aromatic precursors is challenging,and the emission mechanism remains unclear.Herein,different R-CDs were rationally synthesized using citric acid(CA),a prototype non-aromatic precursor,with the assistance of ammonia.Their structural evolution and optical mechanism were investigated.The addition of NH_(3)·H_(2)O played a key role in the synthesis of CA-based R-CDs,which shifted the emission wavelength of CA-based CDs from 423 to 667 nm.Mass spectrometry(MS)analysis indicated that the amino groups served as N dopants and promoted the formation of localized conjugated domains through an intermolecular amide ring,thereby inducing a significant emission redshift.The red-emissive mechanism of CDs was further confirmed by control experiments using other CA-like molecules(e.g.,aconitic acid,tartaric acid,aspartic acid,malic acid,and maleic acid)as precursors.MS,nuclear magnetic resonance characterization,and computational modeling revealed that the main carbon chain length of CA-like precursors tailored the cyclization mode,leading to hexatomic,pentatomic,unstable three/four-membered ring systems or cyclization failure.Among these systems,the hexatomic ring led to the largest emission redshift(244 nm,known for CA-based CDs).This work determined the origin of red emission in CA-based CDs,which would guide research on the controlled synthesis of R-CDs from other non-aromatic precursors.展开更多
Multicolor phosphors that respond rapidly to external stimuli are highly desirable for many applications, including lighting,optical displays and sensors. Herein, spiropyran(SP)-functionalized carbon dots(CDs) were sy...Multicolor phosphors that respond rapidly to external stimuli are highly desirable for many applications, including lighting,optical displays and sensors. Herein, spiropyran(SP)-functionalized carbon dots(CDs) were synthesized with a broad-spectrum output that were responsive to both ultraviolet(UV)/visible light and pH. The SP-CDs possessed strong ester linkages between the UV-absorbing/blue-emitting CDs and blue-absorbing/red-emitting surface SP groups, allowing efficient F?rster resonance energy transfer(FRET) between the donor and acceptor. UV irradiation or acid addition cause the SP ring opening to merocyanine(MC) or protonated MCH+forms, respectively, together with the formation of sheet-like aggregates. These processes enhanced the red emissions by the SP groups and attenuated blue emissions from the CDs. These changes were fully reversible under visible light or basic conditions, respectively, allowing dynamic regulation of the fluorescence properties(emission colors from blue to red, photoluminescence(PL) intensity) under photoirradiation on the timescale of minutes. As proof-of concept, we demonstrate that the emission properties of the SP-CDs can be used to construct UV and pH sensing materials as well as light emitting diode(LED) with different colors.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs), novel luminescent zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, have been widely applied due to their low toxicity, optimal optical properties, and easy modification. However, the current controllable equip...Carbon dots(CDs), novel luminescent zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, have been widely applied due to their low toxicity, optimal optical properties, and easy modification. However, the current controllable equipment and mechanism explanation of CDs are relatively vague and require urgent resolution.Full-color emission CDs, an essential CDs category, have attracted people’s attention given their light and color-tunable properties. In addition to a wider range of biological and optoelectronic device applications, full-color emission CDs have similar structures and significantly affected the fluorescence mechanism of CDs. At present, few studies have reported on the summary research of CDs emitted by its full color, which greatly limits the development of CDs mechanisms and applications. As such, the present review detailed the full-color CDs development status, to which a suitable method for preparing full-color CDs was presented and the existing fluorescence emission mechanism of full-color CDs was summarized.Herein, we comprehensively introduced full-color CDs applications in biology and optoelectronics. Finally,we made an outlook on the development and potential applications of full-color CDs. The present review aims to contribute novel insights and methods for understanding full-color CDs.展开更多
Human babesiosis is an infection caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Babesia and is a worldwide emerging tick-borne disease(1).Babesia is mainly parasitized in erythrocytes of human or other vertebrates ...Human babesiosis is an infection caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Babesia and is a worldwide emerging tick-borne disease(1).Babesia is mainly parasitized in erythrocytes of human or other vertebrates and transmitted by the bite of ticks,blood transfusion,or organ transplantation(1).Humans are generally susceptible to Babesia,especially those who are immunocompromised with conditions such as splenectomy or splenic dysfunction,as well as those of old age,with infirmity,or with other severe diseases.展开更多
文摘目的分析血清微小核糖核酸(micro RNA,miR)-139-5p,组蛋白去乙酰化酶4(histone deacetylase 4,HDAC4)和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glialfibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)与新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)脑损伤严重程度的关系。方法选取2017年1月~2022年3月广元市中心医院分娩的HIE新生儿72例为研究对象(研究组);同期健康的足月新生儿75例为对照组。实时荧光定量PCR检测血清中miR-139-5p,HDAC4表达水平。酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清GFAP水平。Logistic回归分析影响HIE患儿重度脑损伤发生的因素。结果与对照组相比,研究组血清GFAP(1.30±0.37ng/L vs 0.50±0.15ng/L),HDAC4相对表达水平(2.05±0.39 vs 1.02±0.21)升高,miR-139-5p相对表达水平(0.63±0.14 vs 1.01±0.22)和NBNA评分(33.20±1.43分vs 39.85±2.23分)降低,差异具有统计学意义(t=17.304,20.046,12.436,21.424,均P<0.05);与轻中度组相比,重度组血清GFAP(1.61±0.47ng/L vs 1.16±0.33ng/L),HDAC4(2.43±0.37 vs 1.87±0.40)相对表达水平升高,miR-139-5p相对表达水平(0.38±0.10 vs 0.74±0.16)和NBNA评分(30.52±1.54分vs 34.46±1.38分)降低,差异具有统计学意义(t=4.690,5.669,9.900,10.884,均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,miR-139-5p低表达,HDAC4高表达,低NBNA评分,低出生后1 min内Apgar评分是影响HIE患儿重度脑损伤发生的危险因素(Waldχ^(2)=5.772~6.969,OR=1.519~1.709,均P<0.05)。Pearson分析显示,血清miR-139-5p表达水平与GFAP,HDAC4呈负相关(r=-0.416,-0.579,均P<0.05),血清HDAC4表达水平与GFAP呈正相关(r=0.437,P<0.05)。Spearman分析显示,血清mi R-139-5p表达水平与NBNA评分、出生后1 min内Apgar评分、出生后5 min内Apgar评分呈正相关(r=0.398,0.367,0.348,均P<0.05);血清HDAC4表达水平与NBNA评分、出生后1 min内Apgar评分、出生后5 min内Apgar评分呈负相关(r=-0.364,-0.345,-0.332,均P<0.05)。结论HIE患儿血清中miR-139-5p表达降低,HDAC4表达升高,mi R-139-5p,HDAC4与HIE患儿脑损伤严重程度有关。
基金grants from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Haidian Original Innovation Joint Foundation,No.L222033the National Key Research and Development Program of China“Common Disease Prevention and Control Research”Key Project,No.2022YFC2503800+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81771143the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.7192054and the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2018YFC1315201.
文摘This study aims to discriminate between leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1(LGI1)antibody encephalitis and gammaaminobutyric acid B(GABAB)receptor antibody encephalitis using a convolutional neural network(CNN)model.A total of 81 patients were recruited for this study.ResNet18,VGG16,and ResNet50 were trained and tested separately using 3828 positron emission tomography image slices that contained the medial temporal lobe(MTL)or basal ganglia(BG).Leave-one-out cross-validation at the patient level was used to evaluate the CNN models.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the ROC curve(AUC)were generated to evaluate the CNN models.Based on the prediction results at slice level,a decision strategy was employed to evaluate the CNN models’performance at patient level.The ResNet18 model achieved the best performance at the slice(AUC=0.86,accuracy=80.28%)and patient levels(AUC=0.98,accuracy=96.30%).Specifically,at the slice level,73.28%(1445/1972)of image slices with GABAB receptor antibody encephalitis and 87.72%(1628/1856)of image slices with LGI1 antibody encephalitis were accurately detected.At the patient level,94.12%(16/17)of patients with GABAB receptor antibody encephalitis and 96.88%(62/64)of patients with LGI1 antibody encephalitis were accurately detected.Heatmaps of the image slices extracted using gradient-weighted class activation mapping indicated that the model focused on the MTL and BG for classification.In general,the ResNet18 model is a potential approach for discriminating between LGI1 and GABAB receptor antibody encephalitis.Metabolism in the MTL and BG is important for discriminating between these two encephalitis subtypes.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(project no.31872417)。
文摘Background:Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(BA)and Bacillus subtilis(BS)are usually used as feed supplements directly or bacterial inoculants in biological feeds for animals.However,few research have reported the effects of BA and BS on fermentation characteristics and bacterial community successions of whole-plant corn silage during ensiling.If the BA and BS inoculants have positive effects on silages,then they could not only improve fermentation characteristics,but also deliver BA or BS viable cells to ruminants,which would play its probiotic effect.Therefore,the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of BA and BS on the fermentation,chemical characteristics,bacterial community and their metabolic pathway of whole-plant corn silage.Results:Freshly chopped whole-plant corn was inoculated without or with BA and BS,respectively,and ensiled for1,3,7,14 and 60 d.Results showed that BA and BS inoculations increased lactic acid concentrations of whole-plant corn silages compared with control,and BA inoculation decreased acetic acid concentrations,whereas BS inoculation decreased fiber contents and increased crude protein(CP)content.Higher water-soluble carbohydrate contents and lower starch contents were observed in BA-and BS-inoculated silages compared with that in control.The decreased CP content and increased non-protein nitrogen content were observed in BA-inoculated silage,which was consistent with the higher amino acid metabolism abundances observed in BA-inoculated silage.In addition,it was noteworthy that BA and BS inoculations increased the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins,and decreased the relative abundances of drug resistance:antimicrobial pathways.We also found that the bacterial metabolism pathways were clearly separated into three clusters based on the ensiling times of whole-plant corn silage in the present study.There were no significant differences in bacterial community compositions among the three groups during ensiling.However,BA and BS inoculations decreased the relative abundances of undesirable bacteria such as Acetobacter and Acinetobacter.Conclusion:Our findings suggested that the BS strain was more suitable as silage inoculants than the BA strain in whole-plant corn silage in this study.
文摘Implementing national to community-based 'One Health' strategy for human,animal and environmental challenges and migrating-led consequences offer great opportunities,and its value of sustained development and wellbeing is an imperative.'One Health' strategy in policy commitment,partnership and financial investment are much needed in advocacy,contextual health human-animal and environmental development.Therefore,appropriate and evidence-based handling and management strategies in moving forward universal health coverage and sustainable development goals (SDGs) are essential components to the China-Africa health development initiatives.It is necessary to understand how to strengthen robust and sustainable 'One Health' approach implementation in national and regional public health and disaster risk reduction programs.Understanding the foundation of'One Health' strategy in China-Africa public health cooperation is crucial in fostering health systems preparedness and smart response against emerging and re-emerging threats and epidemics.Building the value of China-Africa 'One Health' strategy partnerships,frameworks and capacity development and implementation through leveraging on current and innovative China-Africa health initiatives,but also,mobilizing efforts on climatic changes and disasters mitigation and lifestyle adaptations strategies against emerging and current infectious diseases threats are essential to establish epidemic surveillance-response system under the concept of global collaborative coordination and lasting financing mechanisms.Further strengthen local infrastructure and workforce capacity,participatory accountability and transparency on 'One Health' approach will benefit to set up infectious diseases of poverty projects,and effective monitoring and evaluation systems in achieving African Union 2063 Agenda and SDGs targets both in Africa and China.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impairments in multiple cognitive domains and it is hard to diagnose in early stage because it’s not easy to recognize and develop slowly. In this study, we try to evaluate the difference of white matter between AD and health volunteers using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and try to provide some evidence for diagnose AD in early stage. Twelve elderly Chinese patients with AD and twelve healthy volunteers were recruited and underwent DTI. The raw diffusion data were dealt with the toolkit of FSL image post-processing. Fractional anisotrogy (FA) data were then carried out by using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). The result showed that the FA of cingulum, hippocampus, corticospinal tract, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus significantly reduced in AD patients than that of volunteers. This indicated that the integrity of white matter tracts in these regions with AD was disturbed. On the other hand, the FA of other encephalic regions had no discrepancy compared with that of healthy volunteers. FA values were found reduced significantly in AD patients, especially in the posterior of the brain. These findings may provide image methods to diagnose patients with early stage of AD.
基金This work was supported by theEcohealth Emerging Infectious Diseases Initiative(EcoEID),which is a CA$8.9 million global effort funded by Canada's lnternational Development Research CentreForeign Affairs,Trade and Development Canada(through the GlobalHealth Research Initiative)+3 种基金the Australian Agency for International Development(grant no.105509-00001002-024)This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(grant no.81102173 and 81273192)the Health Promotion Project,Outstanding Person Fund,Jiangsu Provincial Department of Health(2011)the National S&T MajorProgram(grant no.2008ZX1004-011 and 2012ZX10004-220).
文摘Background:Schistosomiasis japonica is still endemic in the People’s Republic of China(P.R.China)in five provinces of lake and marshland regions and in two provinces of mountainous regions.Studies elucidated that individual and community perception,attitudes towards schistosomiasis,and hygiene behaviors were crucial factors for preventing schistosomiasis.This study sought to assess the knowledge of,attitudes towards,and practices(KAP)relating to schistosomiasis in two subtypes of a mountainous region in Eryuan County,Yunnan Province,P.R.China.The study’s aim is to make suggestions for establishing more specific and effective control measures for disease transmission and interruption in two subtypes of a mountainous region with low-level infection rates.Methods:A cross-sectional study of 3,000 inhabitants was carried out in the Yongle(plateau basin)and Xinzhuang(plateau canyon)communities of Eryuan County,Yunnan Province in November and December 2011.Stratified cluster random sampling was undertaken using a uniform set of quantitative questionnaires administered by trained assistants.This was further supported with qualitative data from in-depth interviews(IDIs)conducted with ten farmers and ten students.All participants were examined for schistosomiasis using both a serological test(indirect hemagglutination assay[IHA])and a stool examination(Kato-Katz).Results:The total schistosomiasis knowledge rate in Yongle(83.4%)was significantly lower than that in Xinzhuang(95.5%).In both communities,among the respondents aged 15 years or below,more than one third didn’t know the name,endemic areas,and animal reservoirs of schistosomiasis.The majority of respondents in Eryuan acquired their schistosomiasis knowledge from doctors,followed by handouts and hearing from others.The infection rate was once the highest in Yongle,but is now the highest in Xinzhuang,where there are more risk factors for schistosomiasis,such as frequently grazing cattle,digging vegetables or cutting grass in the field,as well as raising cattle by free grazing.Conclusion:In short,Eryuan County’s overall knowledge rate of schistosomiasis was found to be high.Due to various dominating risk factors,different control strategies should be designed keeping in mind the two different subtypes of endemic areas for schistosomiasis in mountainous regions,namely plateau basins and plateau canyons.
基金Pathogens identified were supported by the postdoctoral research funding of SX-Z from Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center(5001–3001075)The field epidemiological investigation was supported from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number:81473022)+2 种基金The antibiotic resistance testing and the experiment of molecular characterization of pathogens were supported by National Key Research and Development Project(No.2016YFC1202000)The data analysis was conducted by E.Serrano who was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad(MINECO)through a Ramon y Cajal agreement(RYC-2016-21120)R.Tinoco-Torres was supported by a post-doctoral grant by the Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia FCT(SFRH/BPD/112482/2015).
文摘Background:Bacterial diarrhea is one of the most common causes for medical consultations,mortality and morbidity in the world.Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli(DEC)and non-typhoidal Salmonella(NTS)are major intestinal pathogens in developing countries,and the indiscriminate use of antibiotics has greatly contributed to resistant strains.Hence,the aim of the present study is to identify the antimicrobial resistance patterns and the molecular characteristics of DEC and NTS in southwest,China.Methods:1121 diarrheal patients and 319 non-diarrheal subjects across all age groups were recruited from four sentinel hospitals from June 2014 to July 2015 in Kunming City,Yunnan Province.Each stool specimen was collected to detect DEC and NTS with standard microbiological and molecular methods.Antimicrobial resistance testing was performed with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method,and the standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing complied with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI).Molecular characterization of strains was carried out using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE).A structured questionnaire was used to record basic epidemiological data(e.g.sex,age,residence,season,etc.).Data were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test.Results:DEC was detected in 127(11.33%)diarrhea cases and 9(2.82%)non-diarrheal cases(χ^(2)=20.69,P<0.001,OR=4.36,95%CI:2.19-8.65),and the prevalence of NTS isolated from diarrhea cases was higher than that of non-diarrheal cases across all age groups(n=42,3.75%,n=1,0.31%,χ^(2)=10.10,P=0.002,OR=12.38,95%CI:1.70-90.29).The rates of resistance to ten antibiotics of DEC and NTS showed significant differences(χ^(2)=386.77,P<0.001;χ^(2)=191.16,P<0.001).The rates of resistance to Amoxicillin and Clavulafiate(AMC),Cephalothin(CEP),Gentamicin(GEN)and Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim(SXT)of DEC isolated from diarrhea cases were higher than those of NTS isolated from diarrhea patients(37.01%vs 14.29%,χ^(2)=7.57,P=0.006;29.92%vs 11.90%,χ^(2)=5.40,P=0.02;37.01%vs 11.90%,χ^(2)=5.80,P=0.016;62.20%vs 26.19%,χ^(2)=16.44,P<0.001;respectively).Ciprofloxacin(CIP)was the most sensitive antibiotic for DEC and NTS strains isolated from diarrhea cases.Resistance rates of DEC isolates from cases and controls to more than three kinds antimicrobials(multidrug resistance,MDR)showed no significant differences(81.10%vs 88.89%,P=0.33).Pulsotype patterns of DEC strains were highly diverse;however,the pulsotype pattern of NTS strains was closely related to the serotype.The pattern of S.enteritidis was highly similar,but the S.enterica Typhimurium strain was discrete.Conclusions:Antibiotic resistance of Enterobacteriaceae is of great concern.The societal effects of antibiotic use justify strict monitoring to combat increases in antimicrobial resistance.Molecular epidemiology and systematic epidemiological investigation can provide accurate evidence for tracking the infection source.
文摘Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)is a growing concern as an emerging tick-borne infectious disease originating from the SFTS virus(SFTSV),a recent addition to the Phlebovirus genus under the family of bunyaviruses.SFTS is typically identified by symptoms such as fever,thrombocytopenia,leukopenia,and gastrointestinal problems,accompanied by a potentially high case fatality rate.Thus,early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment and disease management.This review delves into the existing methodologies for SFTS detection,including pathogenic,molecular,and immunological technologies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21905253,51973200)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M640681,2019T120632)。
文摘Carbon dots(CDs) are potentially useful in many areas such as bioimaging, light-emitting diodes, and sensing because of their excellent optical properties, high biocompatibility, and low toxicity.Knowledge of their photoluminescence(PL) mechanisms, which have been widely studied, is of significance in guiding the synthesis and promoting applications of CDs with tunable PL emissions. However,the intrinsic mechanism of PL emission remains unclear, and a unified mechanism has not been found because of differences in particle structures. This review generalizes the categories of CDs, noting their structural diversity. Three types of PL mechanism pertaining to structural differences are outlined: internal factors dominated emission(including the conjugation effect, the surface state, and the synergistic effect), external factors dominated emission(including the molecular state and the environment effect),and crosslink-enhanced emission. Optical applications of CDs are also briefly mentioned. Finally, the prospects for research into PL mechanisms are discussed, noting the remaining challenges and directions for future work.
基金The‘First Forum on Surveillance-Response System Leading to Tropical Diseases Elimination’was co-funded by the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and the World Health OrganizationThe research was partially supported by the National S&T Major Program(grant no.2012ZX10004220)+2 种基金the National S&T Supporting Project(grant no.2007BAC03A02)by supported by China UK Global Health Support Programme(grant no.GHSP-CS-OP1)Xiao-Nong Zhou was funded through a capacity building initiative for Ecohealth Research on Emerging Infectious Disease in Southeast Asia supported by the International Development Research Centre(IDRC),the Canadian International Development Agency(CIDA),and the Australian Agency for International Development(AusAID)in partnership with the Global Health Research Initiative(grant no.105509-00001002-023).
文摘Tropical diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries.Although combined health efforts brought about significant improvements over the past 20 years,communities in resource-constrained settings lack the means of strengthening their environment in directions that would provide less favourable conditions for pathogens.Still,the impact of infectious diseases is declining worldwide along with progress made regarding responses to basic health problems and improving health services delivery to the most vulnerable populations.The London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTDs),initiated by the World Health Organization’s NTD roadmap,set out the path towards control and eventual elimination of several tropical diseases by 2020,providing an impetus for local and regional disease elimination programmes.Tropical diseases are often patchy and erratic,and there are differing priorities in resources-limited and endemic countries at various levels of their public health systems.In order to identify and prioritize strategic research on elimination of tropical diseases,the‘First Forum on Surveillance-Response System Leading to Tropical Diseases Elimination’was convened in Shanghai in June 2012.Current strategies and the NTD roadmap were reviewed,followed by discussions on how to identify and critically examine prevailing challenges and opportunities,including inter-sectoral collaboration and approaches for elimination of several infectious,tropical diseases.A priority research agenda within a‘One Health-One World’frame of global health was developed,including(i)the establishment of a platform for resource-sharing and effective surveillance-response systems for Asia Pacific and Africa with an initial focus on elimination of lymphatic filariasis,malaria and schistosomiasis;(ii)development of new strategies,tools and approaches,such as improved diagnostics and antimalarial therapies;(iii)rigorous validation of surveillance-response systems;and(iv)designing pilot studies to transfer Chinese experiences of successful surveillance-response systems to endemic countries with limited resources.
基金The project was supported by China Medical Board(no.20-365)Shanghai Jiao Tong University Integrated Innovation Fund(no.2020-01).
文摘Background:A One Health approach has been increasingly mainstreamed by the international community, as it provides for holistic thinking in recognizing the close links and inter-dependence of the health of humans, animals and the environment. However, the dearth of real-world evidence has hampered application of a One Health approach in shaping policies and practice. This study proposes the development of a potential evaluation tool for One Health performance, in order to contribute to the scientific measurement of One Health approach and the identification of gaps where One Health capacity building is most urgently needed.Methods:We describe five steps towards a global One Health index (GOHI), including (i) framework formulation;(ii) indicator selection;(iii) database building;(iv) weight determination;and (v) GOHI scores calculation. A cell-like framework for GOHI is proposed, which comprises an external drivers index (EDI), an intrinsic drivers index (IDI) and a core drivers index (CDI). We construct the indicator scheme for GOHI based on this framework after multiple rounds of panel discussions with our expert advisory committee. A fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is adopted to determine the weights for each of the indicators.Results:The weighted indicator scheme of GOHI comprises three first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators, and 57 third-level indicators. According to the pilot analysis based on the data from more than 200 countries/territories the GOHI scores overall are far from ideal (the highest score of 65.0 out of a maximum score of 100), and we found considerable variations among different countries/territories (31.8–65.0). The results from the pilot analysis are consistent with the results from a literature review, which suggests that a GOHI as a potential tool for the assessment of One Health performance might be feasible.Conclusions:GOHI—subject to rigorous validation—would represent the world’s first evaluation tool that constructs the conceptual framework from a holistic perspective of One Health. Future application of GOHI might promote a common understanding of a strong One Health approach and provide reference for promoting effective measures to strengthen One Health capacity building. With further adaptations under various scenarios, GOHI, along with its technical protocols and databases, will be updated regularly to address current technical limitations, and capture new knowledge.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52122308,21905253,51973200,and 52103239)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(202300410372)Henan Postdoctoral Foundation。
文摘Red-emissive carbon dots(R-CDs)have been widely studied because of their potential application in tissue imaging and optoelectronic devices.At present,most R-CDs are synthesized by using aromatic precursors,but the synthesis of R-CDs from non-aromatic precursors is challenging,and the emission mechanism remains unclear.Herein,different R-CDs were rationally synthesized using citric acid(CA),a prototype non-aromatic precursor,with the assistance of ammonia.Their structural evolution and optical mechanism were investigated.The addition of NH_(3)·H_(2)O played a key role in the synthesis of CA-based R-CDs,which shifted the emission wavelength of CA-based CDs from 423 to 667 nm.Mass spectrometry(MS)analysis indicated that the amino groups served as N dopants and promoted the formation of localized conjugated domains through an intermolecular amide ring,thereby inducing a significant emission redshift.The red-emissive mechanism of CDs was further confirmed by control experiments using other CA-like molecules(e.g.,aconitic acid,tartaric acid,aspartic acid,malic acid,and maleic acid)as precursors.MS,nuclear magnetic resonance characterization,and computational modeling revealed that the main carbon chain length of CA-like precursors tailored the cyclization mode,leading to hexatomic,pentatomic,unstable three/four-membered ring systems or cyclization failure.Among these systems,the hexatomic ring led to the largest emission redshift(244 nm,known for CA-based CDs).This work determined the origin of red emission in CA-based CDs,which would guide research on the controlled synthesis of R-CDs from other non-aromatic precursors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52122308,21905253,51973200,52103239)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(202300410372)+2 种基金Henan Postdoctoral Foundationfunding support from the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced MaterialsNanotechnology and the Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies。
文摘Multicolor phosphors that respond rapidly to external stimuli are highly desirable for many applications, including lighting,optical displays and sensors. Herein, spiropyran(SP)-functionalized carbon dots(CDs) were synthesized with a broad-spectrum output that were responsive to both ultraviolet(UV)/visible light and pH. The SP-CDs possessed strong ester linkages between the UV-absorbing/blue-emitting CDs and blue-absorbing/red-emitting surface SP groups, allowing efficient F?rster resonance energy transfer(FRET) between the donor and acceptor. UV irradiation or acid addition cause the SP ring opening to merocyanine(MC) or protonated MCH+forms, respectively, together with the formation of sheet-like aggregates. These processes enhanced the red emissions by the SP groups and attenuated blue emissions from the CDs. These changes were fully reversible under visible light or basic conditions, respectively, allowing dynamic regulation of the fluorescence properties(emission colors from blue to red, photoluminescence(PL) intensity) under photoirradiation on the timescale of minutes. As proof-of concept, we demonstrate that the emission properties of the SP-CDs can be used to construct UV and pH sensing materials as well as light emitting diode(LED) with different colors.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21905253,51973200)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos.2018M640681,2019T120632)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan (No.202300410372)State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles (Qingdao University) (No.KF2020101)。
文摘Carbon dots(CDs), novel luminescent zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, have been widely applied due to their low toxicity, optimal optical properties, and easy modification. However, the current controllable equipment and mechanism explanation of CDs are relatively vague and require urgent resolution.Full-color emission CDs, an essential CDs category, have attracted people’s attention given their light and color-tunable properties. In addition to a wider range of biological and optoelectronic device applications, full-color emission CDs have similar structures and significantly affected the fluorescence mechanism of CDs. At present, few studies have reported on the summary research of CDs emitted by its full color, which greatly limits the development of CDs mechanisms and applications. As such, the present review detailed the full-color CDs development status, to which a suitable method for preparing full-color CDs was presented and the existing fluorescence emission mechanism of full-color CDs was summarized.Herein, we comprehensively introduced full-color CDs applications in biology and optoelectronics. Finally,we made an outlook on the development and potential applications of full-color CDs. The present review aims to contribute novel insights and methods for understanding full-color CDs.
基金supported by the General Program Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning of China(Grant No.201840286 and 201640278)the Program for the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.18ZR1443500)+3 种基金the Youth Science Foundation of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Grant No.2018A105)the Shenzhen San-Ming Project for prevention and research on vector-borne diseases(Grant No.SZSM201611064)the National Science and Technology Major Program of China(Grant No.2018ZX10734-404)the National Sharing Service Platform for Parasite Resources(Grant No.NPRC-2019-194-30).
文摘Human babesiosis is an infection caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Babesia and is a worldwide emerging tick-borne disease(1).Babesia is mainly parasitized in erythrocytes of human or other vertebrates and transmitted by the bite of ticks,blood transfusion,or organ transplantation(1).Humans are generally susceptible to Babesia,especially those who are immunocompromised with conditions such as splenectomy or splenic dysfunction,as well as those of old age,with infirmity,or with other severe diseases.
