Background Ochratoxin A(OTA),a globally abundant and extremely hazardous pollutant,is a significant source of contamination in aquafeeds and is responsible for severe food pollution.The developmental toxicity of OTA a...Background Ochratoxin A(OTA),a globally abundant and extremely hazardous pollutant,is a significant source of contamination in aquafeeds and is responsible for severe food pollution.The developmental toxicity of OTA and the potential relieving strategy of natural products remain unclear.This study screened the substance curcumin(Cur),which had the best effect in alleviating OTA inhibition of myoblast proliferation,from 96 natural products and investigated its effect and mechanism in reducing OTA myotoxicity in vivo and in vitro.Methods A total of 720 healthy juvenile grass carp,with an initial average body weight of 11.06±0.05 g,were randomly assigned into 4 groups:the control group(without OTA and Cur),1.2 mg/kg OTA group,400 mg/kg Cur group,and 1.2 mg/kg OTA+400 mg/kg Cur group.Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates(180 fish)for 60 d.Results Firstly,we cultured,purified,and identified myoblasts using the tissue block culture method.Through preliminary screening and re-screening of 96 substances,we examined cell proliferation-related indicators such as cell viability and ultimately found that Cur had the best effect.Secondly,Cur could alleviate OTA-inhibited myoblast differentiation and myofibrillar development-related proteins(Myo G and MYHC)in vivo and in vitro and improve the growth performance of grass carp.Then,Cur could also promote the expression of OTA-inhibited protein synthesis-related proteins(S6K1 and TOR),which was related to the activation of the AKT/TOR signaling pathway.Finally,Cur could downregulate the expression of OTA-enhanced protein degradation-related genes(murf1,foxo3a,and ub),which was related to the inhibition of the Fox O3a signaling pathway.Conclusions In summary,our data demonstrated the effectiveness of Cur in alleviating OTA myotoxicity in vivo and in vitro.This study confirms the rapidity,feasibility,and effectiveness of establishing a natural product screening method targeting myoblasts to alleviate fungal toxin toxicity.展开更多
Background Mannan oligosaccharides(MOS)are recommended as aquaculture additives owing to their excellent antioxidant properties.In the present study,we examined the effects of dietary MOS on the head kidney and spleen...Background Mannan oligosaccharides(MOS)are recommended as aquaculture additives owing to their excellent antioxidant properties.In the present study,we examined the effects of dietary MOS on the head kidney and spleen of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)with Aeromonas hydrophila infection.Methods A total of 540 grass carp were used for the study.They were administered six gradient dosages of the MOS diet(0,200,400,600,800,and 1,000 mg/kg)for 60 d.Subsequently,we performed a 14-day Aeromonas hydrophila challenge experiment.The antioxidant capacity of the head kidney and spleen were examined using spectrophotometry,DNA fragmentation,qRT-PCR,and Western blotting.Results After infection with Aeromonas hydrophila,400-600 mg/kg MOS supplementation decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species,protein carbonyl,and malonaldehyde and increased the levels of anti-superoxide anion,antihydroxyl radical,and glutathione in the head kidney and spleen of grass carp.The activities of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase,manganese superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione S-transferase,glutathione reductase,and glutathione peroxidase were also enhanced by supplementation with 400-600 mg/kg MOS.Furthermore,the expression of most antioxidant enzymes and their corresponding genes increased significantly with supplementation of 200-800 mg/kg MOS.mRNA and protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 also increased following supplementation with 400-600 mg/kg MOS.In addition,supplementation with 400-600 mg/kg MOS reduced excessive apoptosis by inhibiting the death receptor pathway and mitochondrial pathway processes.Conclusions Based on the quadratic regression analysis of the above biomarkers(reactive oxygen species,malondialdehyde,and protein carbonyl)of oxidative damage in the head kidney and spleen of on-growing grass carp,the recommended MOS supplementation is 575.21,557.58,531.86,597.35,570.16,and 553.80 mg/kg,respectively.Collectively,MOS supplementation could alleviate oxidative injury in the head kidney and spleen of grass carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.展开更多
回顾性分析1例散发性包涵体肌炎(sporadic inclusion body myositis, sIBM)患者的临床表现、肌肉影像学、肌肉组织病理学与免疫病理学、超微结构及肌炎抗体谱等特点。患者,男,69岁,双下肢无力3年余,逐渐出现握力差、吞咽费力感;肌酸激...回顾性分析1例散发性包涵体肌炎(sporadic inclusion body myositis, sIBM)患者的临床表现、肌肉影像学、肌肉组织病理学与免疫病理学、超微结构及肌炎抗体谱等特点。患者,男,69岁,双下肢无力3年余,逐渐出现握力差、吞咽费力感;肌酸激酶轻度升高;EMG示肌源性损害;大腿肌肉MRI示双侧股外侧肌、股内侧肌及股中间肌脂肪浸润,股直肌、半膜肌及半腱肌相对保留;肌肉组化示中度炎症性肌病改变,伴镶边空泡及p62(Sequestosome-1)、TDP-43(TAR DNA binding protein-43)在胞内聚集;电镜下肌丝间可见中等量涡轮状髓样小体;肌炎抗体谱示cN1A(cytoplasmic 5'-nucleotidase 1A)抗体阳性。sIBM的起病年龄及肌群受累模式有其特殊性,但早期临床表现缺乏特异性,诊断困难,分子生物标记物有助于确诊及机制研究。展开更多
基金financially supported by the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-45)National Natural Science Foundation of China for Outstanding Youth Science Foundation(31922086)+1 种基金the Young Top-Notch Talent Support Programthe 111 project(D17015)。
文摘Background Ochratoxin A(OTA),a globally abundant and extremely hazardous pollutant,is a significant source of contamination in aquafeeds and is responsible for severe food pollution.The developmental toxicity of OTA and the potential relieving strategy of natural products remain unclear.This study screened the substance curcumin(Cur),which had the best effect in alleviating OTA inhibition of myoblast proliferation,from 96 natural products and investigated its effect and mechanism in reducing OTA myotoxicity in vivo and in vitro.Methods A total of 720 healthy juvenile grass carp,with an initial average body weight of 11.06±0.05 g,were randomly assigned into 4 groups:the control group(without OTA and Cur),1.2 mg/kg OTA group,400 mg/kg Cur group,and 1.2 mg/kg OTA+400 mg/kg Cur group.Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates(180 fish)for 60 d.Results Firstly,we cultured,purified,and identified myoblasts using the tissue block culture method.Through preliminary screening and re-screening of 96 substances,we examined cell proliferation-related indicators such as cell viability and ultimately found that Cur had the best effect.Secondly,Cur could alleviate OTA-inhibited myoblast differentiation and myofibrillar development-related proteins(Myo G and MYHC)in vivo and in vitro and improve the growth performance of grass carp.Then,Cur could also promote the expression of OTA-inhibited protein synthesis-related proteins(S6K1 and TOR),which was related to the activation of the AKT/TOR signaling pathway.Finally,Cur could downregulate the expression of OTA-enhanced protein degradation-related genes(murf1,foxo3a,and ub),which was related to the inhibition of the Fox O3a signaling pathway.Conclusions In summary,our data demonstrated the effectiveness of Cur in alleviating OTA myotoxicity in vivo and in vitro.This study confirms the rapidity,feasibility,and effectiveness of establishing a natural product screening method targeting myoblasts to alleviate fungal toxin toxicity.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0900200,2018YFD0900400)Supported by the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-45)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China for Outstanding Youth Science Foundation(31922086)the Young Top-Notch Talent Support ProgramSichuan Science and Technology Program(2019YFN0036)。
文摘Background Mannan oligosaccharides(MOS)are recommended as aquaculture additives owing to their excellent antioxidant properties.In the present study,we examined the effects of dietary MOS on the head kidney and spleen of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)with Aeromonas hydrophila infection.Methods A total of 540 grass carp were used for the study.They were administered six gradient dosages of the MOS diet(0,200,400,600,800,and 1,000 mg/kg)for 60 d.Subsequently,we performed a 14-day Aeromonas hydrophila challenge experiment.The antioxidant capacity of the head kidney and spleen were examined using spectrophotometry,DNA fragmentation,qRT-PCR,and Western blotting.Results After infection with Aeromonas hydrophila,400-600 mg/kg MOS supplementation decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species,protein carbonyl,and malonaldehyde and increased the levels of anti-superoxide anion,antihydroxyl radical,and glutathione in the head kidney and spleen of grass carp.The activities of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase,manganese superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione S-transferase,glutathione reductase,and glutathione peroxidase were also enhanced by supplementation with 400-600 mg/kg MOS.Furthermore,the expression of most antioxidant enzymes and their corresponding genes increased significantly with supplementation of 200-800 mg/kg MOS.mRNA and protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 also increased following supplementation with 400-600 mg/kg MOS.In addition,supplementation with 400-600 mg/kg MOS reduced excessive apoptosis by inhibiting the death receptor pathway and mitochondrial pathway processes.Conclusions Based on the quadratic regression analysis of the above biomarkers(reactive oxygen species,malondialdehyde,and protein carbonyl)of oxidative damage in the head kidney and spleen of on-growing grass carp,the recommended MOS supplementation is 575.21,557.58,531.86,597.35,570.16,and 553.80 mg/kg,respectively.Collectively,MOS supplementation could alleviate oxidative injury in the head kidney and spleen of grass carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.
文摘回顾性分析1例散发性包涵体肌炎(sporadic inclusion body myositis, sIBM)患者的临床表现、肌肉影像学、肌肉组织病理学与免疫病理学、超微结构及肌炎抗体谱等特点。患者,男,69岁,双下肢无力3年余,逐渐出现握力差、吞咽费力感;肌酸激酶轻度升高;EMG示肌源性损害;大腿肌肉MRI示双侧股外侧肌、股内侧肌及股中间肌脂肪浸润,股直肌、半膜肌及半腱肌相对保留;肌肉组化示中度炎症性肌病改变,伴镶边空泡及p62(Sequestosome-1)、TDP-43(TAR DNA binding protein-43)在胞内聚集;电镜下肌丝间可见中等量涡轮状髓样小体;肌炎抗体谱示cN1A(cytoplasmic 5'-nucleotidase 1A)抗体阳性。sIBM的起病年龄及肌群受累模式有其特殊性,但早期临床表现缺乏特异性,诊断困难,分子生物标记物有助于确诊及机制研究。
