基于区域新能源汽车产业的校企共建实训基地运行机制探究

利用企业资源共建创新型教学实训中心,依托区域在新能源电动汽车产业的市场优势,共同培养新能源电动汽车产业链的高级技能人才,同时利用学校优势为企业提供技术研发和技能改造的创新平台,能更好推动学校新能源汽车技术相关专业的发展,且能有效促进产业的快速发展。本文首先充分分析了新能源汽车发展概况的基础上,剖析了校企共建实训基地运行机制优化的重要价值,最后提出了当前构建区域新能源汽车产业校企共建实训基地中存在的问题与建设思路,以培养出更多与新能源电动车产业相关的人才,助力区域新能源电动车产业的发展。

福清市国家级啦啦操示范区建设现状调查分析

采用文献资料、专家访谈等方法,对福清市国家级啦啦操示范区建设现状进行调查研究,调查表明福清市校园啦啦操的发展存在着城区与乡下的极度不平衡,为了啦啦操的全面、协调、可持续的发展,笔者认为,加强啦啦操的宣传力度是提高普及校园啦啦操的前提,提升啦啦操教练员的水平是普及校园啦啦操的保障;完善啦啦操的场地器材设备是普及校园啦啦操的基础;加大啦啦操经费投入是普及校园啦啦操的关键.几者相辅相成,行之有效.

喉罩辅助通气气管镜介入治疗高位气管息肉一例

气管息肉是由于气管黏膜受到机械刺激、炎症感染等引发。目前随着各级医院人工气道技术普遍开展,其发生率越来越高。气管息肉缺乏特异性临床表现,易引起误诊。本文报道兰州大学第二医院呼吸内科收治的1例高位气管息肉患者,并分析其发病及诊治过程,以提高临床医师对该病的认识和处理水平。

汽车驾驶员干眼的患病情况调查分析

目的调查和分析汽车驾驶者中干眼的患病率及相关因素。方法随机选取2017年1月至2018年1月汽车驾驶证年审体检时,志愿接受眼部相关检查的汽车驾驶者共980例,同样年龄段的健康体检人群550例作为对照组。通过问卷调查、角膜荧光染色、泪膜破裂时间、泪液分泌试验及结膜印记细胞学等检测,筛选出各人群干眼的患病率,分析相关因素。结果汽车驾驶员人群干眼的患病率明显高于正常对照人群(P<0.05),且随着驾龄和单次驾驶时间的延长,其患病率呈线性增高。结论汽车驾驶员人群干眼患病率高于正常人群,适当的防护及治疗很有必要。

An Analysis of Changes in the Chinese Family Structure between Urban and Rural Areas: On the Basis of the 2010 National Census Data

Changes in the Chinese family structure since 2000 are evident in a significant decrease in the share of nuclear families; a considerable increase in the share of single- person families; and a rise rather than a fall in the share of linear families. Changes in urban family structure differ from those in rural areas. In the former, the share of nuclear families has fallen, with a marked rise in single-person families and a slight fall in linear families. In the latter, there has been quite a large fall in the share of nuclear families and an increase in the share of single-person and linear families. Changes in the secondary family structure also show some differences. Population mobility, number of children, population aging, and marriage and housing conditions have a marked effect on the evolution of family structure. In an era when small families are dominant, the government and various social organizations should enhance public services for families; review the household registration system to lessen the regional separation of workers from other family members; and create conditions for improving intergenerational relations.

Development Strategy, Urbanization and the Urban-Rural Income Gap in China

Analyzing the reasons for the lag in urbanization and the persistent widening of the urban- rural income gap in China from the viewpoint of government development strategy, we find that the government＇s strategy of encouraging the development of capital-intensive sectors has resulted in a relative fall in labor demand in urban areas and thus delayed the progress of urbanization, hampered the effective transfer of the rural population into urban areas and widened the urban-rural income gap. Using the technology choice index （TCI） to measure the degree to which government policy is biased towards capital-intensive sectors, this paper conducts empirical tests of a series of theoretical hypotheses on the basis of Chinese provincial panel data for 1978-2008. We further find that changes in China＇s urban-rural income gap conform to a U-curve pattern, i.e. in the course of economic development, the income gap first decreases then increases.

Household Registration Reform,Labor Mobility and Optimization of the Urban Hierarchy

A rational hierarchy of rank-size distribution is indispensable for optimizing the urban hierarchy. On the basis of the number of permanent urban residents, using rank-size rule testing and core density estimation within the framework of spatial economics, we set up a labor force location choice model and conducted quantitative simulations. Our fmdings show that the structure of China＇s urban hierarchy differs from the pyramid structure of Zipf＇s Law, and the household registration system impedes the free movement of labor and makes the size distribution of cities deviate from Pareto optimality. Household registration （hukou） reform will be conducive to the optimization of the urban hierarchy. Optimizing the urban hierarchy should become a consistent objective in today＇s development of new-type urbanization, city clusters and metropolitan areas.

Punitive Damages in China:Evolution and Application

The revised Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Consumers （Consumer Protection Law）, which sums up nearly twenty years of the evolution of Chinese punitive damages regulations, sets out a model system of punitive damages. These are in essence a special kind of penalty under a dual public-private legal system in which the punitive and deterrent functions of public law are realized through the mechanism of private law. Their application should be guided by the public law principle that the penalty should be proportionate to the offence. The question of whether the penalty is appropriate arises in the application of the two forms of punitive da^riages prescribed in the Consumer Protection Law--whether used separately or together, or in conjunction with or independently of fines or financial awards. The application of the new punitive damages regulations may overlap with the application of China＇s Food Safety Law and Tort Liability Law.

Land Finance and the Tax-sharing System: An Empirical Interpretation

How has regional competition between local governments contributed to rapid economic growth in China？ That is an issue deserving further exploration. The behavior of local governments has been influenced by central-local relations, especially by the fiscal and taxation reforms undertaken since the implementing of the tax-sharing system. After financial authority was centralized through the tax-sharing system, local governments gradually adopted a development model focusing on land appropriation, development and transfer, i.e., land finance. On the basis of Chinese provincial-level annual data, we can show that there is a close relationship between the tax-sharing system and land finance. Regardless of how we evaluate the land finance development model, the tax-sharing system represents a more rational institutional reform than the old system, because it has created a stable framework of interaction between the central government and local governments. The land-centered urban expansion model is an unforeseen consequence of this reform.

Introduction:Beyond the Great Divergence

Was today＇s alternative model of development universal in the eighteenth century？ By comparing what was then mainstream economic development with today＇s alternative model, The Great Divergence： China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy （hereafter, The Great Divergence） reminds us that development has many possibilities. Like many of us who are familiar with the classic research models for the origins of Western European capitalism, Pomeranz, on encountering evidence betraying the paucity of advocates for the ＂European miracle＂ and the backwardness of early modem England and Europe, was irresistibly impelled to reassess this period. What he found was a decline in environmental resources relative to the growing population in the preindustrial world--an issue that can hardly be said to be economic; rather, for the moment, let us acknowledge it as arising from the demand for plant and animal resources. The Great Divergence asserts that in the eighteenth century, when timber had not yet been completely replaced by coal, four major products of the land--food, fuel, fiber and building materials--were facing increasing demographic pressure, which people in Europe, especially England, and in China, especially the lower Yangzi Delta （Jiangnan）, and even in Japan and India, were all trying to deal with, and to which they all responded by choosing a labor-intensive path. This raised output and satisfied the environmental resource needs of a growing population. In the end, however, The Great Divergence lets the cat out of the bag, holding that environmental pressures were considerably relieved in England in the mid- to late eighteenth century, due to the industrial revolution sparked by its coal and iron and the abundant supply of land-intensive products imported from the New World; England then abandoned its labor-intensive path and took the road of industrialization, in which capital and labor made up for shortage of land. With the advent of the industrial revolution, Pomeranz＇ doubts about Eurocentrism automatically come to an end; the nineteenth century becomes a dividing wall. The concept of development that takes environmental resources--including land--as existing merely for demand and consumption takes its fixed form in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the stage in which economic development reigned supreme and industrialization proceeded through plunder and rapine.

On the Construction of World Poetics

Since ＂world literature＂ has in recent years become a topic of heated international discussion in the humanities, we need to formulate a concept of world poetics. This is for the following theoretical reasons. Firstly, world poetics is a natural theoretical sublation of research achievements in the field of world literature and comparative poetics. The current dominance of Western literary theories does not do justice to the experience of the literatures and literary theories of other countries and peoples. Secondly, to date, all influential literary interpretations and theories have been produced in a Western setting. However, due to the limitations of the linguistic and cultural background of such interpretations, they cannot simultaneously cover the categories and experiences of Eastern and Western literatures and literary theories. Thirdly, Chinese scholars have a long history of research in cutting-edge Western literary theories and abundant experience in indigenous Eastern literatures and critical theory. Formulating the concept of world poetics will improve world literary theories and concepts and will remap the scenario of existing world literatures and literary theories.

A Quantitative Estimate of the Dominant Position of Public Ownership in China and Trends in Its Development

By setting the value of productive assets under different types of ownership of the means of production as the marginal criterion for measuring the relative position of each form of ownership, we estimate the scale of public and non-public sector assets in primary industry in China and changes in their relative proportions. Further, on the basis of previous estimates, we provide an extended estimate of the scale of public and non-public sector assets in secondary and tertiary industry and changes in their relative proportions. We found that in 2012, total productive assets in primary, secondary and tertiary industry were 487.53 trillion RMB, of which the public sector accounted for 53 percent, or 258.39 trillion RMB. In secondary and tertiary industry, the non-public sector contributed 67.59 percent and 75.20 percent respectively in terms of value- added and employment. This indicates the vitality of China＇s basic socialist economic system, in which public sector assets retain a dominant position and the non-public sector makes the primary economic contribution, and thus provides a theoretical justification for ownership reform in the primary stage of socialism in China and the ＂two unswervinglies＂ policy.

The Asiatic Mode of Production in World History Perspective: From a Universal to a Particularistic View of History

Discussions on Marx＇s ＂Asiatic mode of production＂ are essentially about the relationship between the universal and the particularistic view of history. Marx adhered to the world history position, but in the course of formulating his theory of the Asiatic mode of production he moved from universal history to a particularistic view of history; whereas the shift from the ＂Russian path＂ and ＂Russian way＂ provided by the Russian revolution to Stalin＇s doctrine of the ＂five forms＂ of social development represented a return from particularistic to universal history. In developing a Chinese view of history, three elements cannot be overlooked： the Chinese pattern of historical development and China＇s present development experience; Marx＇s theory of social forms and his thoughts on Oriental society in his later years; and the ＂Russian path＂ and ＂systemic transformation＂ launched by the October Revolution.

Rule of Law at the National and International Levels: A Review from the Global Governance Perspective

The rule of law as a fundamental means of global governance has two levels, the national and the international. The national rule of law and the international rule of law, defined by their respective concepts, orientations and fimctions, address governance issues at the national and international levels. Interdependent, they are linked effectively by two core factors of the rule of law： ＂good law＂ and ＂good governance.＂ Between them is an ongoing process of interaction, a basic expression of their unified relationship. The framework of their interaction comprises three basic elements： individual states and the national rule of law; the international community and the international rule of law; and the medium of rule of law interaction. This interaction is two-way, cyclical, diversified, comprehensive and incremental. In this interactive process, China needs to define its international position and actively participate in the development of the international rule of law so as to establish its discourse right in this field.