Research on Fracture Prediction Method Based on Multi-Source Information Fusion

Machine learning is a good method for predicting fracture by integrating multi-source information. Post-stack seismic attributes are commonly used to predict medium to large fractures, while pre-stack seismic attributes are proven to be more sensitive to small and micro sized fractures through forward modeling. Using machine learning algorithm to fuse information from different scales to predict fracture can greatly improve the accuracy of fracture prediction. On the basis of In-Situ stress prediction, the paper conducted post-stack seismic attribute analysis and pre-stack seismic attribute analysis, further studied on the sensitivity of seismic attributes to fracture and selected sensitive attributes, used the sensitivity log of well-bore fractures as the target log for learning, ultimately obtained a comprehensive body of fracture. Through blind well verification, the prediction results match well with the we1l data and the prediction results is highly consistent with the production data. The results of fracture prediction are reliable, and the research method has certain reference significance for fracture prediction.

Effectively Modulating Oxygen Vacancies in Flower‑Likeδ‑MnO_(2)Nanostructures for Large Capacity and High‑Rate Zinc‑Ion Storage

In recent years,manganese-based oxides as an advanced class of cathode materials for zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have attracted a great deal of attentions from numerous researchers.However,their slow reaction kinetics,limited active sites and poor electrical conductivity inevitably give rise to the severe performance degradation.To solve these problems,herein,we introduce abundant oxygen vacancies into the flower-likeδ-MnO_(2)nanostructure and effectively modulate the vacancy defects to reach the optimal level(δ-MnO_(2)-x-2.0).The smart design intrinsically tunes the electronic structure,guarantees ion chemisorption-desorption equilibrium and increases the electroactive sites,which not only effectively accelerates charge transfer rate during reaction processes,but also endows more redox reactions,as verified by first-principle calculations.These merits can help the fabricatedδ-MnO_(2)-x-2.0 cathode to present a large specific capacity of 551.8 mAh g^(-1) at 0.5 A g^(-1),high-rate capability of 262.2 mAh g^(-1) at 10 A g^(-1) and an excellent cycle lifespan(83%of capacity retention after 1500 cycles),which is far superior to those of the other metal compound cathodes.In addition,the charge/discharge mechanism of theδ-MnO_(2)-x-2.0 cathode has also been elaborated through ex situ techniques.This work opens up a new pathway for constructing the next-generation high-performance ZIBs cathode materials.

Fast prediction of the mechanical response for layered pavement under instantaneous large impact based on random forest regression

The layered pavements usually exhibit complicated mechanical properties with the effect of complex material properties under external environment.In some cases,such as launching missiles or rockets,layered pavements are required to bear large impulse load.However,traditional methods cannot non-destructively and quickly detect the internal structural of pavements.Thus,accurate and fast prediction of the mechanical properties of layered pavements is of great importance and necessity.In recent years,machine learning has shown great superiority in solving nonlinear problems.In this work,we present a method of predicting the maximum deflection and damage factor of layered pavements under instantaneous large impact based on random forest regression with the deflection basin parameters obtained from falling weight deflection testing.The regression coefficient R^(2)of testing datasets are above 0.94 in the process of predicting the elastic moduli of structural layers and mechanical responses,which indicates that the prediction results have great consistency with finite element simulation results.This paper provides a novel method for fast and accurate prediction of pavement mechanical responses under instantaneous large impact load using partial structural parameters of pavements,and has application potential in non-destructive evaluation of pavement structure.

An Efficient Method for Plant Regeneration from Calli of <i>Swertia mussotii</i>, an Endangered Medicinal Herb

Swertia mussotii Franch is an endangered medicinal plant in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Its regeneration from callus culture is very difficult. In this study, an efficient method for plant regeneration was developed from its calli. The calli derived from young stem explants of S. mussotii were cultured at two types of temperature treatments to test their efficiency of shoot regeneration. When the calli were cultured at variable temperature (VT, 20℃ during the day and 10℃ at night) treatment, the adventitious shoots were formed at each combination tested. However, that did not occur when the calli were cultured at constant temperature (CT, 25℃) treatment. The best response (53.7%) of plantlet regeneration was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 3 mg·l-1 6-benzylaminopurine with 0.5 mg·l-1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid in the VT treatment. The regenerated plantlets were rooted on half-strength MS medium without growth regulators. They flowered in the following subculture. The results indicate that the treatment of day-night temperature difference is a critical factor to callus differentiation in S. mussotii. This protocol can be used for conservation as well as mass propagation of this medicinal plant.

Effects of Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizer by Bio-organic Fertilizer Kunyijian on Yield and Quality of Tobacco Leaves

To explore the application effect of bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian in flue-cured tobacco and provide scientific basis for its application in production,a plot trial was conducted with K326,a flue-cured tobacco variety,in the Science and Technology Test Base of Xundian County,Yunnan.Taking local fertilizer consumption(control 1)and 70%local fertilizer consumption(control 2)as controls,the following replacement groups were designed:under uniformly replacement 70%local fertilizer consumption,(i)organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg),+600 kg/ha,+900 kg/ha,+1200 kg/ha,+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian;(ii)organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=40∶1(kg),+900 kg/ha Kunyijian.The results show that in the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1200 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)],the comprehensive performance of flue-cured tobacco was significantly better than that in the control groups,the yield of tobacco leaves reached 2237.1 kg/ha,the output value was 45505.2 yuan/ha,and the average price of the tobacco leaves was 20.53 yuan/kg.The performance of flue-cured tobacco in the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian ranked second.The performance of other fertilization treatments was not good,but it did not differ significantly from that of control 1.In terms of chemical composition of tobacco leaves,partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian,was beneficial to increase the sugar content and reduce the nicotine and total nitrogen contents in tobacco leaves,especially the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+900 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)],and it was also beneficial to increase the chlorine content in tobacco leaves,especially the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)].Therefore,it is feasible to use the bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian to replace 30%of chemical fertilizer in tobacco production.The rate is recommended to be 900-1500 kg/ha[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)].It is suggested to further strengthen the demonstration and promotion of Kunyijian.

Effects of soy hull polysaccharide on dyslipidemia and pathoglycemia in rats induced by a high-fat-high-sucrose diet

The present work aimed at investigating the effects of soy hull polysaccharide(SHP)in alleviating adverse effects in rats fed a high-fat-high-sucrose diet.After SHP feeding for 4 weeks,the fasting blood glucose(FBG),serum triglyceride(TG),serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),short chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and 16S rDNA gene sequence were determined.Administration of SHP significantly decreased body fat content and TG levels,and increased water intake and HDL-C levels after 4 weeks of treatment.The antihyperglycemic effect of SHP at a dose of 400 mg/kg mb had the most significant effects among the three dosage groups.SHP notably restored the FBG in rats fed a high-fat-high-sucrose diet(P<0.05).Furthermore,SHP at 400 mg/kg mb increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreased that of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria at the phylum level.The polysaccharide treated groups had significantly higher content of total SCFAs,and the main fermentation products were acetic,propionic,n-valeric and i-valeric acids.Thus,SHP restores blood lipid levels in rats fed a high-fat-high sucrose diet through regulation of the gut microbiota.

Frontier Grassland Degradation and Its Countermeasures

Firstly, the status quo of Hulunbuir Grassland degradation was introduced, and then the main reasons for the degradation were discussed, such as overgrazing, excessively mining mineral resources and so forth. Finally some targeted countermeasures, like improving grassland legislation and policy as well as grassland ecological compensation system, actively implementing ecological animal husbandry and reasonably exploiting mineral resources, were put forward to restore the ecological environment of Hulunbuir Grassland.

The Quality Difference of Tobacco Leaves Between Different Flue-curing Processes in Honghe Tobacco-growing Area

[Objectives] This study was conducted to compare the effects of different curing processes,in order to optimize the local supporting intensive fluecuring process.[Methods] A comparative experiment was carried out in Mile,Luxi and Jianshui on the four-layer tobacco-packed intensive curing process(K1)and the eight-point precise and intensive curing process(K2).[Results]The results showed that according to the appearance evaluation of the tobacco leaves,K1 was higher than K2 in respective scores of color,maturity,leaf structure and defects and the total score,while K1 equaled K2 in the scores of identity,oil content,chroma and length.The differences in respective scores of the two processes were not significant.According to the results of sensory evaluation,the two tobacco enterprises got different evaluation results of unblended cigarettes made of the middle leaves due to different raw material requirements of the enterprises by different processes.K1 was higher than K2 in the sensory evaluation of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.,Ltd.,while it was lower than K2 in that of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.,Ltd.,and the difference in the total score between the two processes was significant.From the content of chemical components,in the conventional chemical component contents including total sugar,reducing sugar,chlorine and starch,K1 was higher than K2,while in the contents of potassium,total phytonine,total nitrogen and petroleum ether extract,K1 was lower than K2,but the differences were not significant.K1 was lower than K2 in the contents of neutral aroma components including ketones,alcohols,aldehydes,heterocyclics,neophytadiene and total content,while K1 was higher than K2 in the contents of esters,phenols,but the respective differences were not significant.Except the significant difference in the total score in the sensory evaluation of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.,Ltd.,there were no significant differences in other items in the appearance evaluation,sensory evaluation and chemical composition of tobacco leaves between K1 and K2.[Conclusions] The supporting intensive curing process can be further optimized on the basis of this study.

Dynamical Study of Granular Flow through a Two-Dimensional Hopper

The mass flow rate of a granular flow through an aperture under gravity is a long-standing challenge issue in physical science. We show that for steady flow field close to laminar flow, the dynamical equations together with the continue equation and Mohr-circle description of the stress are closed, and hence solvable. In a case of streamline guided by the two-dimensional hopper, we obtain a consistent condition and use it to determine the stress and the velocity distribution. Our result indicates that 3/2 power scaling behavior is recovered with a coefficient C(μ,α) being a function of frictional coefficient and the hopper angle. It is found that the predicted coefficient C(μ,α) is compatible with previous studies.

On“Pestilences”in an Ancient Vietnamese Medical Book,Nan Yao Shen Xiao(《南药神效》Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine)

Nan Yao Shen Xiao(《南药神效》Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine)is“an ancient Vietnamese medical book in Chinese language”that is extant in Vietnam and plays an important part in Vietnamese medical development history.In the chapter of“Pestilences,”the characteristics,prevention,and treatment of pestilences were described in detail.By comparing Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine with Chinese medical books including Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica),it can be seen that the prevention and treatment of pestilences were profoundly influenced by Chinese medical books.The folk-proven prescriptions in Compendium of Materia Medica,Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang(《肘后备急方》Handbook of Prescriptionsfor Emergency),Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang(《备急千金要方》Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency),and other Chinese medical books were included directly or after adaptation(slight modification in dosage and usage)in Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine.This form of“foreign acceptance”witnessed the history of medical culture communication between China and Vietnam,expanded the application scope of Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of pestilences in a foreign land,promoted the overseas spread of folk-proven prescriptions in Chinese medicine to treat pestilences,and played a major part in treatment and prevention of disease in ancient Vietnam.

Dwell and Normal Cyclic Fatigue Behaviours of Ti60 Alloy

An experimental study of dwell and normal cyclic fatigue behaviours was carried out using specimens from a Ti60 forging with a bimodal microstructure. Apparent decrease in the fatigue life was found under dwell fatigue condition as compared to that under normal cyclic condition. Strain produced in each cycle in dwell fatigued specimens was observed larger than that in its normal cyclic-fatigued counterparts. Interior crack initiation was found in most dwell fatigued specimens as compared to the subsurface crack initiation under normal cyclic fatigue condition. Flat and bright facets were found at crack initiation sites in both cases. The facet density is higher in dwell condition, which is consistent with the crystal orientation and Schmid factors analysis of α grains around secondary cracks using electron back-scattered diffraction （EBSD） methods. Dwell loading favours cleavage in α grains with their basal plane normals aligned no more than 15° to the loading axis, which may account for its lower fatigue life according to the present study.

Sex-specific association between coffee consumption and incident chronic kidney disease: a population-based analysis of 359,906 participants from the UK Biobank

Background:The risk for chronic kidney disease(CKD)is influenced by genetic predisposition,sex,and lifestyle.Previous research indicates that coffee is a potentially protective factor in CKD.The current study aims to investigate whether sex disparity exists in the coffee–CKD association,and whether genetic risk of CKD or genetic polymorphisms of caffeine metabolism affect this association.Methods:A total of 359,906 participants from the UK Biobank who were enrolled between 2006 and 2010 were included in this prospective cohort study,which aimed to estimate the hazard ratios for coffee intake and incident CKD using a Cox proportional hazard model.Allele scores of CKD and caffeine metabolism were additionally adjusted for in a subsample with qualified genetic data(n=255,343).Analyses stratified by genetic predisposition,comorbidities,and sex hormones were performed.Tests based on Bayesian model averaging were conducted to ascertain the robustness of the results.Results:Coffee was inversely associated with CKD in a dose-dependent manner.The effects of coffee did not differ across different strata of genetic risk for CKD,but were more evident among slower genetically predicted caffeine metabolizers.Significant sex disparity was observed(P value for interaction=0.013),in that coffee drinking was only associated with the risk reduction of CKD in females.Subgroup analysis revealed that testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG),but not estradiol,modified the coffee–CKD association.Conclusions:In addition to the overall inverse coffee–CKD association that was observed in the general population,we could also establish that a sex disparity existed,in that females were more likely to experience the benefit of the association.Testosterone and SHBG may partly account for the sex disparity.

Oomycetes Seek Help from the Plant：Phytophthora infestans Effectors Target Host Susceptibility Factors

Plants have a sophisticated immune system to defend against a wide range of invaders,including insects,nematodes,bacteria,oomycetes,fungi,and viruses.Microbes may manipulate or suppress immunity by delivering effector proteins,either to the inside or outside of plant cells.Much attention has been focused on identifying the targets of effector proteins in the host and on characterizing how effector activities suppress immunity.

A novel anti-metastatic extract from Stellera chamaejasme Linn.suppresses breast tumor cell motility through inhibition of focal adhesion kinase

To the Editor:In breast cancer,it is the metastasis that makes a clear distinction between life and death.^([1,2])However,effective treatment targeted against metastasis remains an unmet clinical need.^([2,3])Accumulating evidence suggests that an essential step in metastasis is tumor cell acquisition of motility.^([2])Furthermore,epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)initiates the early steps of tumor cell spread by endowing them with greater motility and invasiveness.