中国社会中“内卷”现象的个体心理内涵及其特征维度

随着中国社会的发展,“内卷”引发了全民关注与讨论,但研究者对内卷的心理内涵、特征维度及其测量工具仍在探索中。本研究首次以文化心理学作为研究视角,提出中国社会的内卷极具新时代意义,是与中国社会文化紧密相连的多维心理概念。研究1采用访谈法,通过分析在校学生与在岗社会人员对内卷看法的一手资料,结合扎根理论初步提出内卷的心理内涵及其特征维度,即资源稀缺、社会规范、心理压力、竞争行为。研究2在访谈研究的基础上编制了内卷感知测量问卷,通过探索性因素分析得到包含18个条目的四维度问卷。研究3通过验证性因素分析和效标效度检验,在跨人群样本中验证了内卷的4个特征维度。研究4采用内卷情境任务发现,在高校情境和组织情境中,内卷感知更高的个体均更易表现出内卷行为倾向。综上,本研究首次明晰中国社会中内卷的心理内涵及其特征维度,并提供了测量个体感知内卷的有效工具,有助于未来探究内卷对个体心理以及社会性发展的影响机制。

Mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of soft rock with different water contents under dynamic disturbance

Uniaxial compression tests and cyclic loading acoustic emission tests were conducted on 20%,40%,60%,80%,dry and saturated muddy sandstone by using a creep impact loading system to investigate the mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of soft rocks with different water contents under dynamic disturbance.The mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of muddy sandstones at different water contents were analysed.Results of experimental studies show that water is a key factor in the mechanical properties of rocks,softening them,increasing their porosity,reducing their brittleness and increasing their plasticity.Under uniaxial compression,the macroscopic damage characteristics of the muddy sandstone change from mono-bevel shear damage and‘X’type conjugate bevel shear damage to a roadway bottom-drum type damage as the water content increases.Dynamic perturbation has a strengthening effect on the mechanical properties of samples with 60%and less water content,and a weakening effect on samples with 80%and more water content,but the weakening effect is not obvious.Macroscopic damage characteristics of dry samples remain unchanged,water samples from shear damage and tensile–shear composite damage gradually transformed into cleavage damage,until saturation transformation monoclinic shear damage.The evolution of acoustic emission energy and event number is mainly divided into four stages:loading stage(Ⅰ),dynamic loading stage(Ⅱ),yield failure stage(Ⅲ),and post-peak stage(Ⅳ),the acoustic emission characteristics of the stages were different for different water contents.The characteristic value of acoustic emission key point frequency gradually decreases,and the damage degree of the specimen increases,corresponding to low water content—high main frequency—low damage and high water content—low main frequency—high damage.

Network pharmacology and subsequent experimental validation reveal the synergistic myocardial protection mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.and Carthamus tinctorius L.

Objective:To reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the compatibility of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge(S.miltiorrhiza,Dan Shen)and C.tinctorius L.(C.tinctorius,Hong Hua)as an herb pair through network pharmacology and subsequent experimental validation.Methods:Network pharmacology was applied to construct an active ingredient-efficacy target-disease protein network to reveal the unique regulation pattern of s.miltiorrhiza and C.tinctorius as herb pair.Molecular docking was used to verify the binding of the components of these herbs and their potential targets.An H9c2 glucose hypoxia model was used to evaluate the efficacy of the components and their synergistic effects,which were evaluated using the combination index.Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of these targets.Results:Network pharmacology analysis revealed 5 pathways and 8 core targets of s.miltiorrhiza and C.tinctorius in myocardial protection.Five of the core targets were enriched in the hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1)signaling pathway.S.miltiorrhiza-C.tinctorius achieved vascular tone mainly by regulating the target genes of the HIF-1 pathway.As an upstream gene of the HIF-1 pathway,STAT3 can be activated by the active ingredients cryptotanshinone(Ctan),salvianolic acid B(Sal.B),and myricetin(Myric).Cell experiments revealed that Myric,Sal.B,and Ctan also exhibited synergistic myocardial protective activity.Molecular docking verified the strong binding of Myric,Sal.B,and Ctan to STAT3.Western blot further showed that the active ingredients synergistically upregulated the protein expressionof STAT3.Conclusion:The pharmacodynamic transmission analysis revealed that the active ingredients of S.miltiorrhiza and C.tinctorius can synergistically resist ischemia through various targets and pathways.This study provides a methodological reference for interpreting traditional Chinese medicine compatibility.

影响浓香型白酒大曲质量的小麦原料关键品质参数研究

小麦是制作白酒大曲的主要原料,明确优质大曲对小麦原料的品质需求对于专用品种选育、配套栽培技术研发极为关键。2018~2020年,选择4个代表性品种(川麦104、绵麦367、西科麦8号和蜀麦1671),设置6个施氮水平(0、45、90、135、180、225 kg/hm2),在长江上中游麦区4个生态点(四川广汉、梓潼、西昌、湖北南漳)开展试验,评价了不同条件下出产的小麦原料的主要品质性状和制作的浓香型大曲质量。结果表明,年份、地点、品种对大曲感官指标及化学参数都有显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)的影响。2019年的大曲感官总评分较2020年高9.7%,四川广汉和湖北南漳点大曲感官总分均值分别为44.6和44.3(总分60),与四川西昌点(39.7)的差异达显著(P<0.05)水平。西科麦8号和川麦104感官总分均值分别为45.4和43.8,显著(P<0.05)高于绵麦367(42.2)和蜀麦1671(42.0)。施氮量对大曲感官评分的影响不显著。各处理的化学参数(酸度、糖化力、液化力和发酵力)测试值均符合“QB/T 4259-2011浓香大曲”要求的范围。不同统计方法下,与大曲感官评价有关联的小麦品质参数有所差异。和其他参数相比,样品粉碎度与大曲感官评分关系更为密切,对于感官评分≥45的样品,粉碎度25%、50%和75%的分位数值分别为70.5%、72.3%和73.8%。总体来看,具有较高的容重、降落值和面团吸水率,且有中等偏高的粉质率以及适宜粉碎度的小麦原料适于大曲生产。

Analysis of the Application of Sports Medicine Ultrasound in the Rehabilitation of Anterior Talofibular Ligament Injury

Objective: To explore the application effect of sports medicine ultrasound in the rehabilitation treatment of anterior talofibular ligament injury. Methods: 36 patients who visited our hospital from January 2020 to September 2023 were selected as research subjects and randomly divided into the study group (18 cases) and the control group (18 cases). The control group adopted routine examination and rehabilitation training, and the study group adopted sports medicine ultrasound and rehabilitation training. The ankle function scores and daily living ability of the two groups were compared before treatment and 9 weeks after treatment. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the study group and the control group in terms of ankle function scores and ability to perform activities of daily living before treatment (P > 0.05), but the difference was statistically significant after treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasound can be used as a supplement to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the ankle joint for diagnosing anterior talofibular ligament injury;ultrasound can show the location, distance, and degree of tear of the anterior talofibular ligament rupture and accurately predict muscle atrophy around the ankle joint;ultrasound combined with computed tomography (CT) can better determine the type of intra-articular fracture of the talar subtalar joint, and guide the choice of surgical timing. In addition, ultrasound can be used to determine the severity of peroneal muscle atrophy, assess the progress of early postoperative functional exercise, and guide personalized rehabilitation programs.

一种跨异构引擎的大数据生产任务调度框架

行业数据资源往往分布在技术体制异构的物理数据中心,有多种类型的计算引擎,导致应用系统基于每类计算引擎进行大数据生产任务时,存在开发适配复杂、与特定平台紧耦合、生产任务工作流无法支持多类型计算引擎混合编排等问题。提出一种跨异构引擎的大数据生产任务调度框架,通过构建任务工作流统一描述模型、任务工作流可视化编排、任务工作流解析、分布式任务调度管理等,屏蔽大数据底层引擎差异性和复杂性,使用户专注于业务逻辑本身,提高工作效率。应用案例验证了该框架在实际项目中的有效性。

Tomographic particle image velocimetry measurement on three-dimensional swirling flow in dual-stage counter-rotating swirler

Three-Dimensional(3D)swirling flow structures,generated by a counter-rotating dualstage swirler in a confined chamber with a confinement ratio of 1.53,were experimentally investigated at Re=2.3×10^(5)using Tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry(Tomo-PIV)and planar Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV).Based on the analysis of the 3D time-averaged swirling flow structures and 3D Proper Orthogonal Decomposition(POD)of the Tomo-PIV data,typical coherent flow structures,including the Corner Recirculation Zone(CRZ),Central Recirculation Zone(CTRZ),and Lip Recirculation Zone(LRZ),were extracted.The counter-rotating dual-stage swirler with a Venturi flare generates the independence process of vortex breakdown from the main stage and pilot stage,leading to the formation of an LRZ and a smaller CTRZ near the nozzle outlet.The confinement squeezes the CRZ to the corner and causes a reverse rotation flow to limit the shape of the CTRZ.A large-scale flow structure caused by the main stage features an explosive breakup,flapping,and Precessing Vortex Core(PVC).The explosive breakup mode dominates the swirling flow structures owing to the expansion and construction of the main jet,whereas the flapping mode is related to the wake perturbation.Confinement limits the expansion of PVC and causes it to contract after the impacting area.

植物花粉败育的研究进展

雄蕊心皮化、雄蕊受损和花粉发育异常等多种因素都可以导致植物雄性不育,形成败育的花粉粒。综述了在雄性不育中植物花粉败育与呼吸作用、膜脂过氧化、物质代谢和小RNA等的关系。

小麦穗部性状遗传和杂种优势分析

对小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)30个F_1代组合的穗部性状进行超高亲优势分析,并对配组的60个亲本的穗部性状进行相关分析。结果表明,30个组合F_1代材料的穗粒重、穗粒数、穗长、总小穗数、有效小穗数均有不同程度的超高亲优势,且穗粒数、有效小穗数的超高亲优势达极显著水平。子代与亲代材料穗部性状间均具有高度的相关性,穗粒数与穗粒重、穗粒数与总小穗数、穗粒数与有效小穗数、穗粒重与穗长、穗粒重与总小穗数、穗粒重与有效小穗数、穗长与总小穗数、穗长与有效小穗数、总小穗数与有效小穗数间相关性都达到了极显著水平。

不同麦区小麦种质资源在鄂北岗地的品质表现及农艺性状分析

为了研究不同麦区小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)种质资源在以襄阳市为代表的鄂北岗地品质表现及农艺性状变异情况,对226份小麦品种进行了农艺性状分析和品质指标测定,并对每穗粒数、千粒重、株高等5个农艺性状指标和包括蛋白质含量、湿筋含量、沉淀值等在内的11个品质指标相关数据进行了变异、相关性分析。结果表明,在鄂北岗地,不同品种的每穗粒数差异最大,千粒重、小穗数的差异较小,品质指标中容重变异最小,稳定时间变异最大。相关性分析结果表明,多个农艺、品质性状间存在显著相关性,在小麦育种及种质资源创新中要兼顾考虑,用于提高优质小麦的选择效率和综合评价的准确性。

鄂北地区诱导小麦单倍体的温室大棚玉米品种选择与播期研究

为建立鄂北地区玉米法产生小麦单倍体的技术体系,解决该地区玉米和小麦两种作物在大田环境下花期不同步的难题,将玉米提前到冬季并在温室大棚内实施分期播种,比较了6个不同玉米品种在冬季温室大棚内的生长表现,筛选出广甜糯1号为最适宜的玉米品种。通过2016—2019年的3年播期试验,总结出最适玉米品种广甜糯1号的最佳分期播种日期应为12月5日、12月15日、12月25日、1月5日、1月15日。

一种稻茬麦免耕半旋条播机械在襄阳的适应性试验

麦稻连作是百亿斤粮食生产大市襄阳市的一种重要种植模式。为解决该地区稻茬麦播种质量不高、立苗质量不高、产量不高的突出问题,2017年襄阳市通过国家小麦产业技术体系引进四川中江泽丰2BMF-12型稻茬麦免耕半旋条播机械,经过不断改进工艺和技术,播种质量和产量显著提高。其中,2017—2018年试验显示,与传统翻耕播种方式相比,采用免耕半旋条方式露种率减少79.3%、断垄长度减少83.3%。多个百亩示范片增产11.0%~13.2%,平均每公顷节本增效2241.90元。

襄阳市小麦产量与主要农艺性状的通径分析

为了研究各个农艺性状对小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)产量的影响,利用2015-2017年的品鉴试验数据,对基本苗(X_1)、最高总茎数(X_2)、有效穗(X_3)、穗粒数(X_4)、千粒重(X_5)、容重(X_6)、株高(X_7)7个主要农艺性状和产量(Y)的相关关系进行分析,并进行通径分析。结果表明,各个农艺性状和产量都表现为正相关,相关系数r大小表现为穗粒数>千粒重>株高>容重>有效穗>最高总茎数>基本苗。其中穗粒数、千粒重、株高、容重和有效穗与小麦产量均达到了极显著水平(r分别为0.536、0386、0.272、0.269、0.206)。回归分析建立回归方程,为Y=-547.605+1.464X_2+3.89X_3+8.607X_4+7.996X_5,各个性状对产量的贡献大小顺序为穗粒数>千粒重>有效穗>最高总茎数。因此在育种中,选择千粒重和有效穗适当,穗粒数较高的品种,是增加产量潜力的有效途径。

小麦主要品质相关基因的分子检测与分析

为了明确相关品质基因在88份亲本材料中的分布和频率,为小麦品质育种提供亲本材料,利用分子标记对Ax2*、AxN、Bx7、By8、Dx5基因、多酚氧化酶基因以及1B/1R异位系进行检测。结果表明,高分子量谷蛋白亚基基因Ax2*、AxN、Bx7、By8、Dx5的分布频率分别为4.55%、57.95%、92.05%、35.23%和43.18%,1B/1R异位系频率为21.59%,多酚氧化酶基因Ppo-A1a(高PPO)、Ppo-A1b(低PPO)、Ppo-D1a(低PPO)和Ppo-D1b(高PPO)频率分别为45.45%、54.55%、55.68%和44.32%。基因型Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1a(双低PPO)的频率为32.95%,基因型Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1a(中等PPO)和Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1b(中等PPO)的频率分别为22.73%和21.59%。基因型Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b(双高PPO)的频率为22.73%。聚合多个优质基因的亲本材料较少,同时含有7+8亚基、5+10亚基、非1B/1R易位以及双位点低PPO活性(Ppo-A1b/PpoD1a)的材料有3份,分别为郑麦119、郑麦578和藁优5766,可作为培育优质小麦的亲本材料。

机械侧深施肥下水稻产量和肥料利用效率研究

为明确机械侧深施肥下水稻产量和肥料吸收利用率特征,进一步协同提高长江中下游水稻产量和资源利用效率。在大田设置机械侧深施肥与传统人工施肥2个施肥方式和5个肥料配施处理:不施肥(CK)、NPK全素配施处理(NPK)、PK配施处理(PKN0)、NK配施处理(NKP0)和NP配施处理(NPK0),探讨不同施肥方式和肥料配置下的水稻产量形成和养分吸收利用特征。结果表明,与传统人工撒施处理相比,机械侧深施肥可有效提高水稻单位面积有效穗数和成熟期干物质量,进而提高稻谷产量;NPK全施处理的稻谷产量最高,为7342.1 kg/hm2,NP配施处理次之,不施氮处理最低。NPK全施处理下茎秆+叶片以及子粒干物质量最高,NP配施和NK配施处理次之,PK配施处理最低。与传统人工撒施相比,机械侧深施肥下水稻植株氮素积累量较低,钾素积累量较高,磷素积累量无差异,但水稻肥料农学利用效率和偏生产力、氮磷肥的生理利用效率较高;水稻各器官氮素、总氮、总磷和总钾积累量表现为NPK全施处理>NP处理>NK处理>PK处理,水稻氮肥农学利用效率、生理利用效率和偏生产力以NPK全施处理最高,施氮处理的磷肥和钾肥利用效率均高于不施氮处理。机械侧深施肥可有效协同提高水稻产量和肥料利用率,是水稻规模化、轻简化和丰产高效生产的重要施肥方式。

Preparation of chitosan-polyaspartic acid-5-fluorouracil nanoparticles and its anti-carcinoma effect on tumor growth in nude mice

AIM: To prepare chitosan-polyaspartic acid-5-fluorouracil (CTS-Pasp-5Fu) nanoparticles and investigate its anti-carcinoma effect and toxicity. METHODS: CTS-Pasp-5Fu nanoparticles were synthesized by ionic gelatification. Male BABL/c nude mice were injected with SGC-7901 gastric carcinoma cell line mass to establish a human gastric carcinoma model. They were randomly allocated into 4 groups: CTS-Pasp-5Fu (containing 5-Fu 1.25 mg/kg), 5-Fu (1.25 mg/kg), CTS-Pasp and normal saline groups. Tumor weight was measured and assay of colony forming unit-granulocyte and macrophage (CFU-GM) was performed. The structural change of cells and tissues was observed and the Bax and Bcl-2 genes were detected. RESULTS: Compared with normal saline, the inhibition rates of tumor growth for the CTS-Pasp, 5-Fu and CTS-Pasp-5Fu groups were 5.58%, 58.69% and 70.82%, respectively. The tumor inhibition rates for the CTS-Pasp, 5-Fu and CTS-Pasp-5Fu groups were 5.09%, 65.3% and 72.79%, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the number of CFU-GMformation and increase of total bilirubin, and alanine aminotransferase in the 5-Fu group, but no change in those of the other three groups. There was no change in white blood cell count and creatinine among the four groups. Pathological section of liver and nephridial tissues showed that the damage in the 5-Fu group was more severe than that in the CTS-Pasp-5Fu group. 5-Fu and CTS-Pasp-5Fu groups could both down-regulate the Bcl-2 expression and up-regulate the Bax expression to different extent, and the accommodate effect of CTS-Pasp-5Fu was more obvious than 5-Fu. CONCLUSION: The tumor inhibition rate of CTS-Pasp-5Fu nanoparticles is much higher than that of 5-Fu alone.

Portal hypertension induced by congenital hepatic arterioportal fistula:Report of four clinical cases and review of the literature

Intrahepatic arterioportal fistula(IAPF)can be caused by many secondary factors.We report four cases of portal hypertension that were eventually determined to be caused by congenital hepatic arterioportal fistula.The clinical manifestations included ascites,variceal hemorrhage and hepatic encephalopathy.Computed tomography scans from all of the patients revealed the early enhancement of the portal branches in the hepatic arterial phase.All patients were diagnosed using digital subtraction angiography(DSA).DSA before embolization revealed an arteriovenous fistula with immediate filling of the portal venous radicles.All four patients were treated with interventional embolization.The four patients remained in good condition throughout follow-up and at the time of publication.IAPF is frequently misdiagnosed due to its rarity;therefore,clinicians should consider IAPF as a potential cause of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.

A method of elevated temperatures coupled with magnetic stirring to predict real time release from long acting progesterone PLGA microspheres

The object of the study was to develop a quick and reproducible accelerated in vitro release method to predict and deduce the function of the real time(37 °C) release for long acting PLGA microspheres. The method could be described in several steps. First, the release of the microspheres were studied using the sample and separate method at 37 °C with normal orbital shaking and elevated temperatures with magnetic stirring to further accelerate the release. Second, the most similar profile at elevated temperatures with the real time release was chosen with the help of the n value in the fitted Korsmeyer-Peppas Function. Third,the Weibull function and conversion ratio were used to deduce the function of real time release according to the chosen profile at elevated temperatures. The key point in this study was to provide a quick and precise method to predict the real time release for long acting progesterone PLGA microspheres. So the elevated temperatures coupled with magnetic stirring were used to accelerate the release further, and when there have many similar release profiles with the real time release at elevated temperatures, releasing time at elevated temperatures and the R2 of the final deduced function will be used to help choosing the most similar release profile with the real time release. Four different types of progesterone PLGA microspheres were used to verify the method, and all the deduced function correlated well with the real time releases, for R2 = 0.9912, 0.9781, 0.9918 and 0.9972, respectively.

伴中枢神经系统损害的晚发型MMA的临床特征及其家系成员突变基因分析

目的分析晚发型甲基丙二酸血症(MMA)的临床特征及其家系成员基因突变情况。方法回顾性分析1例晚发型MMA患者病历资料,并对其一级亲属进行家系调查,同时采集外周静脉血,提取基因组DNA进行全外显子组测序,通过生物信息学方法筛选致病性变异,利用Sanger测序进行验证及来源分析。结果先证者,男,27岁。因“反复精神行为异常2年,行走不稳1个月,发作性意识不清、肢体抽搐8 d”收入院。主要临床表现为反复精神行为异常,行走不稳,发作性意识不清,肢体抽搐,四肢腱反射亢进,双侧踝阵挛+,双侧病理征+,共济运动不稳不准。发病初期即存在肾功能损害。血液检查示同型半胱氨酸明显升高,肌酐、尿素氮升高;血液酰基肉碱谱分析示丙酰肉碱及丙酰肉碱/乙酰肉碱升高,尿液有机酸分析示甲基丙二酸明显升高。脑脊液蛋白轻度升高。颅脑MRI检查示双侧小脑半球异常信号。根据体格检查、实验室检查和影像学检查,临床诊断为伴中枢神经系统损害的晚发型MMA。经先证者及其家属同意,对先证者一级亲属进行家系调查。该家系两代3人,均为山东省原住居民,汉族,仅发现1例MMA患者(先证者)。该家系成员突变基因分析显示,先证者同时存在MMACHC基因第4外显子c.658_660delAAG(Lys220del)和c.482G→A(Arg161Gln)位点杂合突变;先证者父亲存在MMACHC基因第4外显子c.482G→A(Arg161Gln)位点杂合突变,母亲存在MMACHC基因第4外显子c.658_660delAAG(Lys220del)位点杂合突变。结论该例晚发型MMA患者主要临床特征为精神行为异常、癫痫发作、锥体束和小脑损害体征,伴高同型半胱氨酸血症和肾功能损害,其发病是由于MMACHC基因第4外显子c.658_660delAAG(Lys220del)和c.482G→A(Arg161Gln)位点杂合突变所致。

Combination of a biopharmaceutic classification system and physiologically based pharmacokinetic models to predict absorption properties of baicalein in vitro and in vivo

Objective: To determine the in vitro and in vivo absorption properties of active ingredients of the Chinese medicine, baicalein, to enrich mechanistic understanding of oral drug absorption.Methods: The Biopharmaceutic Classification System(BCS) category was determined using equilibrium solubility, intrinsic dissolution rate, and intestinal permeability to evaluate intestinal absorption mechanisms of baicalein in rats in vitro. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic(PBPK) model commercial software GastroPlus~(TM) was used to predict oral absorption of baicalein in vivo.Results: Based on equilibrium solubility, intrinsic dissolution rate, and permeability values of main absorptive segments in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, baicalein was classified as a drug with low solubility and high permeability. Intestinal perfusion with venous sampling(IPVS) revealed that baicalein was extensively metabolized in the body, which corresponded to the low bioavailability predicted by the PBPK model. Further, the PBPK model predicted the key indicators of BCS, leading to reclassification as BCS-II. Predicted values of peak plasma concentration of the drug(C_(max)) and area under the curve(AUC)fell within two times of the error of the measured results, highlighting the superior prediction of absorption of baicalein in rats, beagles, and humans. The PBPK model supported in vitro and in vivo evidence and provided excellent prediction for this BCS class II drug.Conclusion: BCS and PBPK are complementary methods that enable comprehensive research of BCS parameters, intestinal absorption rate, metabolism, prediction of human absorption fraction and bioavailability, simulation of PK, and drug absorption in various intestinal segments across species. This combined approach may facilitate a more comprehensive and accurate analysis of the absorption characteristics of active ingredients of Chinese medicine from in vitro and in vivo perspectives.