Heat stress is a major constraint to current and future maize production at the global scale.Male and female reproductive organs both play major roles in increasing seed set under heat stress at flowering,but their re...Heat stress is a major constraint to current and future maize production at the global scale.Male and female reproductive organs both play major roles in increasing seed set under heat stress at flowering,but their relative contributions to seed set are unclear.In this study,a 2-year field experiment including three sowing dates in each year and 20 inbred lines was conducted.Seed set,kernel number per ear,and grain yield were all reduced by more than 80%in the third sowing dates compared to the first sowing dates.Pollen viability,silk emergence ratio,and anthesis-silking interval were the key determinants of seed set under heat stress;and their correlation coefficients were 0.89^(***),0.65^(***),and-0.72^(***),respectively.Vapor pressure deficit(VPD)and relative air humidity(RH)both had significant correlations with pollen viability and the silk emergence ratio.High RH can alleviate the impacts of heat on maize seed set by maintaining high pollen viability and a high silk emergence ratio.Under a warming climate from 2020 to 2050,VPD will decrease due to the increased RH.Based on their pollen viability and silk emergence ratios,the 20 genotypes fell into four different groups.The group with high pollen viability and a high silk emergence ratio performed better under heat stress,and their performance can be further improved by combining the improved flowering pattern traits.展开更多
Subjects with Bell＇s palsy and healthy individuals were treated with moxibustion thermal stimulation on the Hegu （LI4） acupoint; an infrared thermal imaging system was used to observe facial-temperature changes. B...Subjects with Bell＇s palsy and healthy individuals were treated with moxibustion thermal stimulation on the Hegu （LI4） acupoint; an infrared thermal imaging system was used to observe facial-temperature changes. Bell＇s palsy patients developed low or high temperatures at the affected side, with poor symmetry. Healthy people showed high temperatures on the forehead, medial angle of the eye, nasal ala and around the lips, but low temperatures on bilateral cheeks, thus forming a ＂T-type hot area＂ in the face, with good temperature symmetry. Moxibustion treatment for 11 minutes significantly improved high asymmetry in temperature in the faces of Bell＇s palsy patients. This evidence indicates that moxibustion treatment on Hegu enables increases in facial temperatures in healthy people and Bell＇s palsy patients, especially around the lips. Moxibustion stimulation at the Hegu not only improves the global circulation but also has specific effects on the lips in Bell＇s palsy patients, but the underlying mechanism needs further investigation.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To assess the efficacy of acupuncture combined with vitamin B12 acupoint injection versus acupuncture alone to reduce incomplete recovery in patients with Bell＇s palsy. DATA RETRIEVAL： A computer-based o...OBJECTIVE： To assess the efficacy of acupuncture combined with vitamin B12 acupoint injection versus acupuncture alone to reduce incomplete recovery in patients with Bell＇s palsy. DATA RETRIEVAL： A computer-based online retrieval of Medline, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM databases until April 2014 was performed for relevant trials, using the key words ＂Bell＇s palsy or idiopathic facial palsy or facial palsy＂ and＂acupuncture or vitamin B12 or methylcobalamin＂. STUDY SELECTION： All randomized controlled trials that compared acupuncture with acupuncture combined with vitamin B12 in patients with Bell＇s palsy were included in the me- ta-analysis. The initial treatment lasted for at least 4 weeks. The outcomes of incomplete facial recovery were monitored. The scoring index varied and the definition of healing was consistent. The combined effect size was calculated by using relative risk （RR） with 95% confidence interval （C/） using the fixed effect model of Review Manager. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Incomplete recovery rates were chosen as the primary outcome. RESULTS： Five studies involving 344 patients were included in the final analysis. Results showed that the incomplete recovery rate of Bell＇s palsy patients was 44.50% in the acupuncture combined with vitamin B12 group but 62.57% in the acupuncture alone group. The major acupoints were Taiyang （EX-HN5）, Jiache （ST6）, Dicang （ST4） and Sibai （ST2）. The combined effect size showed that acupuncture combined with vitamin B12 was better than acupuncture alone for the treatment of Belrs palsy （RR = 0.71, 95%CI： 0.58-0.87; P = 0.001）, this result held true when 8 patients lost to follow up in one study were included into the analyses （RR = 0.70, 95%CI： 0.58-0.86; P = 0.0005）. In the subgroup analyses, the therapeutic effect in patients of the electroacupuncture subgroup was better than in the non-electroacupuncture subgroup （P = 0.024）. There was no significant dif- ference in the incomplete recovery rate by subgroup analysis on drug types and treatment period. Most of the included studies were moderate or low quality, and bias existed. CONCLUSION： In patients with Bell＇s palsy, acupuncture combined with vitamin 812 can reduce the risk of incomplete recovery compared with acupuncture alone in our meta-analysis. Because of study bias and methodological limitations, this conclusion is uncertain and the clinical appli- cation of acupuncture combined with vitamin B12 requires further exploration.展开更多
Adventitious root(AR)formation is critical for the efficient propagation of elite horticultural and forestry crops.Despite decades of research,the cellular processes and molecular mechanisms underlying AR induction in...Adventitious root(AR)formation is critical for the efficient propagation of elite horticultural and forestry crops.Despite decades of research,the cellular processes and molecular mechanisms underlying AR induction in woody plants remain obscure.We examined the details of AR formation in apple(Malus domestica)M.9 rootstock,the most widely used dwarf rootstock for intensive production,and investigated the role of polar auxin transport in postembryonic organogenesis.AR formation begins with a series of founder cell divisions and elongation of the interfascicular cambium adjacent to vascular tissues.This process is associated with a relatively high indole acetic acid(IAA)content and hydrolysis of starch grains.Exogenous auxin treatment promoted this cell division,as well as the proliferation and reorganization of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membrane.In contrast,treatment with the auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid(NPA)inhibited cell division in the basal region of the cuttings and resulted in abnormal cell divisions during the early stage of AR formation.In addition,PIN-FORMED(PIN)transcripts were differentially expressed throughout the whole AR development process.We also detected upregulation of MdPIN8 and MdPIN10 during induction;upregulation of MdPIN4,MdPIN5,and MdPIN8 during extension;and upregulation of all MdPINs during AR initiation.This research provides an improved understanding of the cellular and molecular underpinnings of the AR process in woody plants.展开更多
As a complicated cerebrovascular disorder,ischemic stroke involves a series of mind-body connections.The“stress”refers to a state of threatened homeostasis caused by any form of internal or external disturbing force...As a complicated cerebrovascular disorder,ischemic stroke involves a series of mind-body connections.The“stress”refers to a state of threatened homeostasis caused by any form of internal or external disturbing forces.The“stress response”is a counteracting force that neutralizes the effects of stressors and re-establish homeostasis,which may cause two different outcomes,the allostasis and allostatic load.The prompt stress system is the autonomic nervous system(ANS)with two branches the sympathetic(SNS)and parasympathetic(PNS)nervous systems that play an important role in regulating stress response.As a typical example and final endpoint of allostatic load,ischemic stroke and its complications are related to stress and autonomic dysfunction.Different clinical tests are described for assessing autonomic function in ischemic stroke.This review may bring possibilities for future study to investigate specific treatment on ANS function and stress management on the context of traditional stroke therapies,and thus help improve the clinical outcomes and prognosis of ischemic stroke.展开更多
Everyday unnatural events such as trauma,accidents,military conflict,disasters,and even medical malpractice create open wounds and massive blood loss,which can be life-threatening.Fractures and large bone defects are ...Everyday unnatural events such as trauma,accidents,military conflict,disasters,and even medical malpractice create open wounds and massive blood loss,which can be life-threatening.Fractures and large bone defects are among the most common types of injuries.Traditional treatment methods usually involve rapid hemostasis and wound closure,which are convenient and fast but may result in various complications such as nerve injury,deep infection,vascular injury,and deep hematomas.To address these complications,various studies have been conducted on new materials that can be degraded in the body and reduce inflammation and abscesses in the surgical area.This review presents the latest research progress in biomaterials for bone hemostasis and repair.The mechanisms of bone hemostasis and bone healing are first introduced and then principles for rational design of biomaterials are summarized.After providing representative examples of hemostatic biomaterials for bone repair,future challenges and opportunities in the field are proposed.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of temperature on different facial areas by suspended moxibustion at two points,Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4),and probe the phenomena underlying self-regulation in the human body after t...OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of temperature on different facial areas by suspended moxibustion at two points,Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4),and probe the phenomena underlying self-regulation in the human body after thermal stimulation.METHODS:Thirty healthy volunteers accepted moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4),and the order of moxibustion points was randomly determined.Moxibustion method:suspension of moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4) on both sides was performed using an ignited moxa stick stuck in a support for 20 min.Observation method:An infrared thermal image of the face was taken before and after suspended moxibustion using a CK350 medical infrared thermal imaging instrument.Data analysis:A thermal microscopic section view system(TMTSys) was used to analyze the change in temperature in special facial areas.Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 14.0 software.RESULTS:Before moxibustion was suspended,the facial thermal image showed a T-shaped thermal area related to the vascular distribution with even temperature and good symmetry on both sides.Suspended moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) have a very significant increase in temperature at the forehead,around the nose,at the corners of the mouth,and at the cheeks and lips(P<0.01).Suspended moxibustion over Hegu(LI 4) also have a significant(P<0.05) increase in temperature around the nose,the corners of the mouth,the cheeks,and lips,where has a new high temperature area was formed(P<0.01).Suspended moxibustion over Hegu(LI 4) raised the temperature at the middle point of the lips more obviously than did Zusanli(ST 36) in the same person,(P<0.05).After 10 min of moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4),the change in temperature in the facial area reached its peak value.CONCLUSIONS:Facial infrared thermography of healthy people revealed a T-shaped thermal area reflecting a physiological thermal area.Moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) or Hegu(LI 4) raised the temperature in this facial T-shaped thermal area.Hegu(LI 4) led to the formation of a new thermal area in the lips.The time required for moxibustion to regulate human body temperature was 10 min.展开更多
Aim Cerebrovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability in China,causing a huge burden among patients and their families.Hence,stroke prevention is critical,especially in the high-risk population.Here...Aim Cerebrovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability in China,causing a huge burden among patients and their families.Hence,stroke prevention is critical,especially in the high-risk population.Here,we present the evidence-based guideline suitable for the Chinese population.Methods Literature search of PubMed and Cochrane library(from January 1964 to June 2019)was done.After thorough discussion among the writing group members,recommendations were listed and summarised.This guideline was reviewed and discussed by the fellow writing committees of the Chinese Stroke Association’s Stroke.Results This evidence-based guideline was written in three parts:controlling the risk factors of stroke,utilisation of antiplatelet agents and assessing the risks of first-ever stroke.All recommendations were listed along with the recommending classes and levels of evidence.Conclusions This guideline provides recommendations for primary prevention of cerebrovascular disease among high-risk population in China.Controlling related risk factors,appropriately using antiplatelet agents,assessing the risk of developing first-ever stroke should help reduce the rate of cerebrovascular disease in China.展开更多
Due to the implementation of directly observed treatment strategy(DOTS),China has made a significant achievement in tackling the tuberculosis(TB)epidemic in the 1990s.However,only half of regions in China met or excee...Due to the implementation of directly observed treatment strategy(DOTS),China has made a significant achievement in tackling the tuberculosis(TB)epidemic in the 1990s.However,only half of regions in China met or exceeded the 85%rate of treatment success target.The aim of the present study is to summarize the treatment outcomes of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the mainland of China in the past decade using meta-analysis based on systematic review of published observational studies.A total of 50 eligible articles(58 studies)were identified and included in this study.The summarized treatment success rates were 93.9%(95%CI,92.8%–94.7%)for new cases and 85.4%(95%CI,83.0%–87.6%)for previously treated cases,and the summarized cured rate were 92.2%(95%CI,90.9%–93.3%)and 81.2%(95%CI,79.1%–83.1%),respectively.A remarkable increase of rates for treatment success and cure was observed in the 1990s.After 2000,the summarized treatment outcomes were tending towards stability.In addition,geographic areas,type of the data and administrative level of the hospital were also found to influence the estimates of the treatment outcomes.Results of the present study clearly show,in general,that the pulmonary TB treatment achieved significant success in the past decade in the mainland of China.However,it needs to be further strengthened in the central and west areas.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of moxibustion on Zusanli(ST 36) on visceral-mesenteric vesselsbyobservingcirculation.METHODS: Forty-five SD rats were randomly assigned to a moxibustion, electroacupuncture(EA),an...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of moxibustion on Zusanli(ST 36) on visceral-mesenteric vesselsbyobservingcirculation.METHODS: Forty-five SD rats were randomly assigned to a moxibustion, electroacupuncture(EA),and blank group. In the moxibustion group, heat stimulation of moxibustion to the Zusanli(ST36)area of normal rats was performed for 15 min. In the EA group, needles were inserted into the Zusanli(ST36)and later alpoint[0.5 cm lateral from Zusanli(ST 36)] for 15 min. The blank group was not given any treatment. We continuously monitored mesenteric microvascular changes with invivo microscopicvideo.RESULTS:Moxibustion and EA to Zusanli(ST 36) increase the diameter of mesenteric arterioles and venules(P<0.05). There were no obvious changes in the blank group. Fine arterial diameter peaked at12 min in the moxibustion group, while it peaked at15 min in the EA group.CONCLUSION:The stimulation of moxibustion and acupuncture to Zusanli(ST 36) has immediate effects on expanding the microvasculature. This dilation may be the mechanism of the gastrointestinal effect of Zusanli(ST36).展开更多
基金supported by the Performance Incentive and Guidance Project for Scientific Research Institutions,China(cstc2022jxjl80028)the General Project of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation,China(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0747)+2 种基金the Youth Innovation Team Project of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(NKY-2018QC02)the Jiangjin Experimental Station of National Germplasm Resources Observation,China(NAES025GR05)the Chongqing Technical Innovation and Application Development Special Project,China(CSTB2022T1AD-KPX0008).
文摘Heat stress is a major constraint to current and future maize production at the global scale.Male and female reproductive organs both play major roles in increasing seed set under heat stress at flowering,but their relative contributions to seed set are unclear.In this study,a 2-year field experiment including three sowing dates in each year and 20 inbred lines was conducted.Seed set,kernel number per ear,and grain yield were all reduced by more than 80%in the third sowing dates compared to the first sowing dates.Pollen viability,silk emergence ratio,and anthesis-silking interval were the key determinants of seed set under heat stress;and their correlation coefficients were 0.89^(***),0.65^(***),and-0.72^(***),respectively.Vapor pressure deficit(VPD)and relative air humidity(RH)both had significant correlations with pollen viability and the silk emergence ratio.High RH can alleviate the impacts of heat on maize seed set by maintaining high pollen viability and a high silk emergence ratio.Under a warming climate from 2020 to 2050,VPD will decrease due to the increased RH.Based on their pollen viability and silk emergence ratios,the 20 genotypes fell into four different groups.The group with high pollen viability and a high silk emergence ratio performed better under heat stress,and their performance can be further improved by combining the improved flowering pattern traits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30973795
文摘Subjects with Bell＇s palsy and healthy individuals were treated with moxibustion thermal stimulation on the Hegu （LI4） acupoint; an infrared thermal imaging system was used to observe facial-temperature changes. Bell＇s palsy patients developed low or high temperatures at the affected side, with poor symmetry. Healthy people showed high temperatures on the forehead, medial angle of the eye, nasal ala and around the lips, but low temperatures on bilateral cheeks, thus forming a ＂T-type hot area＂ in the face, with good temperature symmetry. Moxibustion treatment for 11 minutes significantly improved high asymmetry in temperature in the faces of Bell＇s palsy patients. This evidence indicates that moxibustion treatment on Hegu enables increases in facial temperatures in healthy people and Bell＇s palsy patients, especially around the lips. Moxibustion stimulation at the Hegu not only improves the global circulation but also has specific effects on the lips in Bell＇s palsy patients, but the underlying mechanism needs further investigation.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81273848
文摘OBJECTIVE： To assess the efficacy of acupuncture combined with vitamin B12 acupoint injection versus acupuncture alone to reduce incomplete recovery in patients with Bell＇s palsy. DATA RETRIEVAL： A computer-based online retrieval of Medline, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM databases until April 2014 was performed for relevant trials, using the key words ＂Bell＇s palsy or idiopathic facial palsy or facial palsy＂ and＂acupuncture or vitamin B12 or methylcobalamin＂. STUDY SELECTION： All randomized controlled trials that compared acupuncture with acupuncture combined with vitamin B12 in patients with Bell＇s palsy were included in the me- ta-analysis. The initial treatment lasted for at least 4 weeks. The outcomes of incomplete facial recovery were monitored. The scoring index varied and the definition of healing was consistent. The combined effect size was calculated by using relative risk （RR） with 95% confidence interval （C/） using the fixed effect model of Review Manager. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Incomplete recovery rates were chosen as the primary outcome. RESULTS： Five studies involving 344 patients were included in the final analysis. Results showed that the incomplete recovery rate of Bell＇s palsy patients was 44.50% in the acupuncture combined with vitamin B12 group but 62.57% in the acupuncture alone group. The major acupoints were Taiyang （EX-HN5）, Jiache （ST6）, Dicang （ST4） and Sibai （ST2）. The combined effect size showed that acupuncture combined with vitamin B12 was better than acupuncture alone for the treatment of Belrs palsy （RR = 0.71, 95%CI： 0.58-0.87; P = 0.001）, this result held true when 8 patients lost to follow up in one study were included into the analyses （RR = 0.70, 95%CI： 0.58-0.86; P = 0.0005）. In the subgroup analyses, the therapeutic effect in patients of the electroacupuncture subgroup was better than in the non-electroacupuncture subgroup （P = 0.024）. There was no significant dif- ference in the incomplete recovery rate by subgroup analysis on drug types and treatment period. Most of the included studies were moderate or low quality, and bias existed. CONCLUSION： In patients with Bell＇s palsy, acupuncture combined with vitamin 812 can reduce the risk of incomplete recovery compared with acupuncture alone in our meta-analysis. Because of study bias and methodological limitations, this conclusion is uncertain and the clinical appli- cation of acupuncture combined with vitamin B12 requires further exploration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.31601738).
文摘Adventitious root(AR)formation is critical for the efficient propagation of elite horticultural and forestry crops.Despite decades of research,the cellular processes and molecular mechanisms underlying AR induction in woody plants remain obscure.We examined the details of AR formation in apple(Malus domestica)M.9 rootstock,the most widely used dwarf rootstock for intensive production,and investigated the role of polar auxin transport in postembryonic organogenesis.AR formation begins with a series of founder cell divisions and elongation of the interfascicular cambium adjacent to vascular tissues.This process is associated with a relatively high indole acetic acid(IAA)content and hydrolysis of starch grains.Exogenous auxin treatment promoted this cell division,as well as the proliferation and reorganization of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membrane.In contrast,treatment with the auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid(NPA)inhibited cell division in the basal region of the cuttings and resulted in abnormal cell divisions during the early stage of AR formation.In addition,PIN-FORMED(PIN)transcripts were differentially expressed throughout the whole AR development process.We also detected upregulation of MdPIN8 and MdPIN10 during induction;upregulation of MdPIN4,MdPIN5,and MdPIN8 during extension;and upregulation of all MdPINs during AR initiation.This research provides an improved understanding of the cellular and molecular underpinnings of the AR process in woody plants.
文摘As a complicated cerebrovascular disorder,ischemic stroke involves a series of mind-body connections.The“stress”refers to a state of threatened homeostasis caused by any form of internal or external disturbing forces.The“stress response”is a counteracting force that neutralizes the effects of stressors and re-establish homeostasis,which may cause two different outcomes,the allostasis and allostatic load.The prompt stress system is the autonomic nervous system(ANS)with two branches the sympathetic(SNS)and parasympathetic(PNS)nervous systems that play an important role in regulating stress response.As a typical example and final endpoint of allostatic load,ischemic stroke and its complications are related to stress and autonomic dysfunction.Different clinical tests are described for assessing autonomic function in ischemic stroke.This review may bring possibilities for future study to investigate specific treatment on ANS function and stress management on the context of traditional stroke therapies,and thus help improve the clinical outcomes and prognosis of ischemic stroke.
基金support from the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars(XSQD-202213001 and XSQD-6120220130)the Beijing Institute of Technology Teli Young Fellow Program(RCPT-20220029).
文摘Everyday unnatural events such as trauma,accidents,military conflict,disasters,and even medical malpractice create open wounds and massive blood loss,which can be life-threatening.Fractures and large bone defects are among the most common types of injuries.Traditional treatment methods usually involve rapid hemostasis and wound closure,which are convenient and fast but may result in various complications such as nerve injury,deep infection,vascular injury,and deep hematomas.To address these complications,various studies have been conducted on new materials that can be degraded in the body and reduce inflammation and abscesses in the surgical area.This review presents the latest research progress in biomaterials for bone hemostasis and repair.The mechanisms of bone hemostasis and bone healing are first introduced and then principles for rational design of biomaterials are summarized.After providing representative examples of hemostatic biomaterials for bone repair,future challenges and opportunities in the field are proposed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (No.30973795)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of temperature on different facial areas by suspended moxibustion at two points,Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4),and probe the phenomena underlying self-regulation in the human body after thermal stimulation.METHODS:Thirty healthy volunteers accepted moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4),and the order of moxibustion points was randomly determined.Moxibustion method:suspension of moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4) on both sides was performed using an ignited moxa stick stuck in a support for 20 min.Observation method:An infrared thermal image of the face was taken before and after suspended moxibustion using a CK350 medical infrared thermal imaging instrument.Data analysis:A thermal microscopic section view system(TMTSys) was used to analyze the change in temperature in special facial areas.Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 14.0 software.RESULTS:Before moxibustion was suspended,the facial thermal image showed a T-shaped thermal area related to the vascular distribution with even temperature and good symmetry on both sides.Suspended moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) have a very significant increase in temperature at the forehead,around the nose,at the corners of the mouth,and at the cheeks and lips(P<0.01).Suspended moxibustion over Hegu(LI 4) also have a significant(P<0.05) increase in temperature around the nose,the corners of the mouth,the cheeks,and lips,where has a new high temperature area was formed(P<0.01).Suspended moxibustion over Hegu(LI 4) raised the temperature at the middle point of the lips more obviously than did Zusanli(ST 36) in the same person,(P<0.05).After 10 min of moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) and Hegu(LI 4),the change in temperature in the facial area reached its peak value.CONCLUSIONS:Facial infrared thermography of healthy people revealed a T-shaped thermal area reflecting a physiological thermal area.Moxibustion over Zusanli(ST 36) or Hegu(LI 4) raised the temperature in this facial T-shaped thermal area.Hegu(LI 4) led to the formation of a new thermal area in the lips.The time required for moxibustion to regulate human body temperature was 10 min.
文摘Aim Cerebrovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability in China,causing a huge burden among patients and their families.Hence,stroke prevention is critical,especially in the high-risk population.Here,we present the evidence-based guideline suitable for the Chinese population.Methods Literature search of PubMed and Cochrane library(from January 1964 to June 2019)was done.After thorough discussion among the writing group members,recommendations were listed and summarised.This guideline was reviewed and discussed by the fellow writing committees of the Chinese Stroke Association’s Stroke.Results This evidence-based guideline was written in three parts:controlling the risk factors of stroke,utilisation of antiplatelet agents and assessing the risks of first-ever stroke.All recommendations were listed along with the recommending classes and levels of evidence.Conclusions This guideline provides recommendations for primary prevention of cerebrovascular disease among high-risk population in China.Controlling related risk factors,appropriately using antiplatelet agents,assessing the risk of developing first-ever stroke should help reduce the rate of cerebrovascular disease in China.
基金The work was supported by Eleven Fifth Key Research Grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology,the People’s Republic of China(2013ZX10003004-002)。
文摘Due to the implementation of directly observed treatment strategy(DOTS),China has made a significant achievement in tackling the tuberculosis(TB)epidemic in the 1990s.However,only half of regions in China met or exceeded the 85%rate of treatment success target.The aim of the present study is to summarize the treatment outcomes of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the mainland of China in the past decade using meta-analysis based on systematic review of published observational studies.A total of 50 eligible articles(58 studies)were identified and included in this study.The summarized treatment success rates were 93.9%(95%CI,92.8%–94.7%)for new cases and 85.4%(95%CI,83.0%–87.6%)for previously treated cases,and the summarized cured rate were 92.2%(95%CI,90.9%–93.3%)and 81.2%(95%CI,79.1%–83.1%),respectively.A remarkable increase of rates for treatment success and cure was observed in the 1990s.After 2000,the summarized treatment outcomes were tending towards stability.In addition,geographic areas,type of the data and administrative level of the hospital were also found to influence the estimates of the treatment outcomes.Results of the present study clearly show,in general,that the pulmonary TB treatment achieved significant success in the past decade in the mainland of China.However,it needs to be further strengthened in the central and west areas.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation-funded Project:the Discussion of Laws And Mechanisms of Moxibustion Zusanli(ST 36)To Stimulate Research Targeted Surface Thermal Effects(No.30973795)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of moxibustion on Zusanli(ST 36) on visceral-mesenteric vesselsbyobservingcirculation.METHODS: Forty-five SD rats were randomly assigned to a moxibustion, electroacupuncture(EA),and blank group. In the moxibustion group, heat stimulation of moxibustion to the Zusanli(ST36)area of normal rats was performed for 15 min. In the EA group, needles were inserted into the Zusanli(ST36)and later alpoint[0.5 cm lateral from Zusanli(ST 36)] for 15 min. The blank group was not given any treatment. We continuously monitored mesenteric microvascular changes with invivo microscopicvideo.RESULTS:Moxibustion and EA to Zusanli(ST 36) increase the diameter of mesenteric arterioles and venules(P<0.05). There were no obvious changes in the blank group. Fine arterial diameter peaked at12 min in the moxibustion group, while it peaked at15 min in the EA group.CONCLUSION:The stimulation of moxibustion and acupuncture to Zusanli(ST 36) has immediate effects on expanding the microvasculature. This dilation may be the mechanism of the gastrointestinal effect of Zusanli(ST36).
