Expert consensus on pediatric orthodontic therapies of malocclusions in children

Malocclusion,identified by the World Health Organization(WHO)as one of three major oral diseases,profoundly impacts the dental-maxillofacial functions,facial esthetics,and long-term development of~260 million children in China.Beyond its physical manifestations,malocclusion also significantly influences the psycho-social well-being of these children.Timely intervention in malocclusion can foster an environment conducive to dental-maxillofacial development and substantially decrease the incidence of malocclusion or reduce the severity and complexity of malocclusion in the permanent dentition,by mitigating the negative impact of abnormal environmental influences on the growth.Early orthodontic treatment encompasses accurate identification and treatment of dental and maxillofacial morphological and functional abnormalities during various stages of dental-maxillofacial development,ranging from fetal stages to the early permanent dentition phase.From an economic and societal standpoint,the urgency for effective early orthodontic treatments for malocclusions in childhood cannot be overstated,underlining its profound practical and social importance.This consensus paper discusses the characteristics and the detrimental effects of malocclusion in children,emphasizing critical need for early treatment.It elaborates on corresponding core principles and fundamental approaches in early orthodontics,proposing comprehensive guidance for preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment,serving as a reference for clinicians engaged in early orthodontic treatment.

Nanoparticles modified by polydopamine: Working as “drug” carriers

Inspired by the mechanism of mussel adhesion,polydopamine(PDA),a versatile polymer for surface modification has been discovered.Owing to its unique properties like extraordinary adhesiveness,excellent biocompatibility,mild synthesis requirements,as well as distinctive drug loading approach,strong photothermal conversion capacity and reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging facility,various PDA-modified nanoparticles have been desired as drug carriers.These nanoparticles with diverse nanostructures are exploited in multifunctions,consisting of targeting,imaging,chemical treatment(CT),photodynamic therapy(PDT),photothermal therapy(PTT),tissue regeneration ability,therefore have attracted great attentions in plenty biomedical applications.Herein,recent progress of PDA-modified nanoparticle drug carriers in cancer therapy,antibiosis,prevention of inflammation,theranostics,vaccine delivery and adjuvant,tissue repair and implant materials are reviewed,including preparation of PDA-modified nanoparticle drug carriers with various nanostructures and their drug loading strategies,basic roles of PDA surface modification,etc.The advantages of PDA modification in overcoming the existing limitations of cancer therapy,antibiosis,tissue repair and the developing trends in the future of PDA-modified nanoparticle drug carriers are also discussed.

Differentiation potential of periodontal Col1t cells under orthodontic force

Mechanical force often has clear effects on tissue niche remodeling.However,the changes in stem cells and their roles in clinical treatment remain unclear.Orthodontic tooth movement(OTM),the primary approach to treating dental-maxillofacial malformations,involves reconstruction of periodontal tissue.Herein,lineage tracing revealed that Col1t cells are distributed in the periodontal ligament and are sensitive to mechanical forces during OTM.Immunofluorescence analysis confirms that Col1^(+) cells can differentiate into osteoblasts and fibroblasts under orthodontic force.Moreover,Col1^(+) cells may be involved in angiogenesis.These findings suggest that Col1t cells play a crucial role in the mechanical remodeling of periodontal tissue during OTM and may serve as a valuable tool for studying the mechanism of OTM.