Atomically dispersed catalysts exhibit significant influence on facilitating the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics with high atom economy,owing to remarkable attributes including nearly 100%atomic utiliz...Atomically dispersed catalysts exhibit significant influence on facilitating the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics with high atom economy,owing to remarkable attributes including nearly 100%atomic utilization and exceptional catalytic functionality.Furthermore,accurately controlling atomic physical properties including spin,charge,orbital,and lattice degrees of atomically dispersed catalysts can realize the optimized chemical properties including maximum atom utilization efficiency,homogenous active centers,and satisfactory catalytic performance,but remains elusive.Here,through physical and chemical insight,we review and systematically summarize the strategies to optimize atomically dispersed ORR catalysts including adjusting the atomic coordination environment,adjacent electronic orbital and site density,and the choice of dual-atom sites.Then the emphasis is on the fundamental understanding of the correlation between the physical property and the catalytic behavior for atomically dispersed catalysts.Finally,an overview of the existing challenges and prospects to illustrate the current obstacles and potential opportunities for the advancement of atomically dispersed catalysts in the realm of electrocatalytic reactions is offered.展开更多
The quantification of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))generated in the plasma-liquid interactions is of great importance,since the H_(2)O_(2)species is vital for the applications of the plasma-liquid system.Herein,we rep...The quantification of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))generated in the plasma-liquid interactions is of great importance,since the H_(2)O_(2)species is vital for the applications of the plasma-liquid system.Herein,we report on in situ quantification of the aqueous H_(2)O_(2)(H_(2)O_(2)aq)using a colorimetric method for the DC plasma-liquid systems with liquid as either a cathode or an anode.The results show that the H_(2)O_(2)aqyield is 8-12 times larger when the liquid acts as a cathode than when the liquid acts as an anode.The conversion rate of the gaseous OH radicals to H_(2)O_(2)aqis 4-6 times greater in the former case.However,the concentrations of dissolved OH radicals for both liquid as cathode and anode are of the same order of tens of n M.展开更多
To the Editor:Gastric cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the world.For patients with a pathological tumor-node-metastasis stage of II or III,postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is generally requir...To the Editor:Gastric cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the world.For patients with a pathological tumor-node-metastasis stage of II or III,postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is generally required to reduce recurrence risk by controlling residual tumor cells following curative resection.[1]Although taxanes have recently shown promising activity in gastric cancer,[2,3]non-responders may incur costs and experience adverse reactions without clinical benefit,and efforts to select effective regimens for individuals are very important.The application of in vitro chemosensitivity assays as predictive markers in personalized cancer treatment has been investigated in several studies.[4]However,the heterogeneity of the gastric cancer response to taxane-based chemotherapy and the correlation between in vitro chemosensitivity and clinical outcomes remain unclear.展开更多
By using Mie’s theory,the boundary conditions,and some advanced mathematical knowledge,the scattering problem of a plane-wave by bi-sphere groups and of cores-traversed coherent Gauss-beams by one sphere was addresse...By using Mie’s theory,the boundary conditions,and some advanced mathematical knowledge,the scattering problem of a plane-wave by bi-sphere groups and of cores-traversed coherent Gauss-beams by one sphere was addressed.In each,the coefficients of the scattering-field expressions were deduced.Finally,the result was predigested and transfigured so that the available form for programming was achieved.On deducing,the former adopted the undetermined coefficient method and the latter used the plane geometry method.Moreover,the complexity of the calculation was decreased here.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22234005,21974070)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20222015)。
文摘Atomically dispersed catalysts exhibit significant influence on facilitating the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics with high atom economy,owing to remarkable attributes including nearly 100%atomic utilization and exceptional catalytic functionality.Furthermore,accurately controlling atomic physical properties including spin,charge,orbital,and lattice degrees of atomically dispersed catalysts can realize the optimized chemical properties including maximum atom utilization efficiency,homogenous active centers,and satisfactory catalytic performance,but remains elusive.Here,through physical and chemical insight,we review and systematically summarize the strategies to optimize atomically dispersed ORR catalysts including adjusting the atomic coordination environment,adjacent electronic orbital and site density,and the choice of dual-atom sites.Then the emphasis is on the fundamental understanding of the correlation between the physical property and the catalytic behavior for atomically dispersed catalysts.Finally,an overview of the existing challenges and prospects to illustrate the current obstacles and potential opportunities for the advancement of atomically dispersed catalysts in the realm of electrocatalytic reactions is offered.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52077185)the Basic Research Program of Science and Technology of Shenzhen,China(No.JCYJ20190809162617137)for partial financial support+6 种基金the financial supports from the Basic Ability Promotion Project for Young and Middle-Aged Teachers in Universities of Guangxi(No.2018KY0083)Doctoral Scientific Research Fund of Guangxi Normal University(No.2017BQ019)the financial supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11975061)the Technology Innovation and Application Development Project of Chongqing(No.cstc2019jscxmsxm X0041)the Construction Committee Project of Chongqing(No.2018-1-3-6)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2019CDQYDQ034)the Australian Research Council(ARC)for partial support。
文摘The quantification of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))generated in the plasma-liquid interactions is of great importance,since the H_(2)O_(2)species is vital for the applications of the plasma-liquid system.Herein,we report on in situ quantification of the aqueous H_(2)O_(2)(H_(2)O_(2)aq)using a colorimetric method for the DC plasma-liquid systems with liquid as either a cathode or an anode.The results show that the H_(2)O_(2)aqyield is 8-12 times larger when the liquid acts as a cathode than when the liquid acts as an anode.The conversion rate of the gaseous OH radicals to H_(2)O_(2)aqis 4-6 times greater in the former case.However,the concentrations of dissolved OH radicals for both liquid as cathode and anode are of the same order of tens of n M.
基金National Key New Drug Creation Special Programs(No. 2017ZX09304-021)Science and Technology Plan of Suzhou(No. SYSD2017151)
文摘To the Editor:Gastric cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the world.For patients with a pathological tumor-node-metastasis stage of II or III,postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is generally required to reduce recurrence risk by controlling residual tumor cells following curative resection.[1]Although taxanes have recently shown promising activity in gastric cancer,[2,3]non-responders may incur costs and experience adverse reactions without clinical benefit,and efforts to select effective regimens for individuals are very important.The application of in vitro chemosensitivity assays as predictive markers in personalized cancer treatment has been investigated in several studies.[4]However,the heterogeneity of the gastric cancer response to taxane-based chemotherapy and the correlation between in vitro chemosensitivity and clinical outcomes remain unclear.
基金This work was supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China(No.2004AA604080)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60371020).
文摘By using Mie’s theory,the boundary conditions,and some advanced mathematical knowledge,the scattering problem of a plane-wave by bi-sphere groups and of cores-traversed coherent Gauss-beams by one sphere was addressed.In each,the coefficients of the scattering-field expressions were deduced.Finally,the result was predigested and transfigured so that the available form for programming was achieved.On deducing,the former adopted the undetermined coefficient method and the latter used the plane geometry method.Moreover,the complexity of the calculation was decreased here.
