Myeloblastosis(MYB)类转录因子是高等植物中最大的转录因子家族之一,在植物发育及防御反应过程中发挥重要作用,还参与植物对干旱等非生物胁迫的响应。谷子(Setaria italica L.)起源于中国,具有抗旱、耐瘠薄的特性,是研究单子叶作物非...Myeloblastosis(MYB)类转录因子是高等植物中最大的转录因子家族之一,在植物发育及防御反应过程中发挥重要作用,还参与植物对干旱等非生物胁迫的响应。谷子(Setaria italica L.)起源于中国,具有抗旱、耐瘠薄的特性,是研究单子叶作物非生物胁迫抗性的理想材料。本研究对耐低氮胁迫谷子品种郑204经低氮处理后进行转录组分析,鉴定出一个在低氮胁迫条件下明显上调的MYB类转录因子SiMYB42。系统发育树结果表明,SiMYB42属于R2R3-MYB亚族,具有2个MYB保守域;表达模式分析显示,SiMYB42在低氮、高盐、干旱和ABA胁迫条件下表达量显著上调;亚细胞定位、quantitative real-time PCR及转录激活活性分析结果表明,SiMYB42蛋白定位于植物的细胞核和细胞膜中,主要在谷子的叶部或根部表达,具有转录激活活性;基因功能分析结果表明,在正常条件下,转SiMYB42基因拟南芥与野生型Columbia-0拟南芥(WT)无明显差异,但在低氮条件下,转SiMYB42基因拟南芥的主根长、根系表面积及鲜重均显著高于WT,结果证明SiMYB42基因可以提高转基因植物对低氮胁迫的耐性;下游基因表达分析结果显示,在转SiMYB42基因拟南芥中,参与植物氮素转运的硝酸盐转运基因NRT2.1、NRT2.4和NRT2.5的表达水平均高于WT,启动子分析结果显示NRT2.1、NRT2.4和NRT2.5基因启动子序列中均具有MYB结合位点。以上结果证明,SiMYB42可以通过调控下游硝酸盐转运体基因的表达提高植物在低氮条件下的耐性。本研究揭示了SiMYB42基因在低氮胁迫反应途径中的作用,为进一步了解谷子低氮胁迫响应的调控网络奠定了基础。展开更多
Smart contracts running on public blockchains are permissionless and decentralized,attracting both developers and malicious participants.Ethereum,the world’s largest decentralized application platform on which more t...Smart contracts running on public blockchains are permissionless and decentralized,attracting both developers and malicious participants.Ethereum,the world’s largest decentralized application platform on which more than 40 million smart contracts are running,is frequently challenged by smart contract vulnerabilities.What’s worse,since the homogeneity of a wide range of smart contracts and the increase in inter-contract dependencies,a vulnerability in a certain smart contract could affect a large number of other contracts in Ethereum.However,little is known about how vulnerable contracts affect other on-chain contracts and which contracts can be affected.Thus,we first present the contract dependency graph(CDG)to perform a vulnerability analysis for Ethereum smart contracts,where CDG characterizes inter-contract dependencies formed by DELEGATECALL-type internal transaction in Ethereum.Then,three generic definitions of security violations against CDG are given for finding respective potential victim contracts affected by different types of vulnerable contracts.Further,we construct the CDG with 195,247 smart contracts active in the latest blocks of the Ethereum and verify the above security violations against CDG by detecting three representative known vulnerabilities.Compared to previous large-scale vulnerability analysis,our analysis scheme marks potential victim contracts that can be affected by different types of vulnerable contracts,and identify their possible risks based on the type of security violation actually occurring.The analysis results show that the proportion of potential victim contracts reaches 14.7%,far more than that of corresponding vulnerable contracts(less than 0.02%)in CDG.展开更多
Protein in rice grains is an important source of nutrition for rice consumers.This study mainly aimed to identify the critical factors that determine grain protein concentration in rice.Accumulation parameters,includi...Protein in rice grains is an important source of nutrition for rice consumers.This study mainly aimed to identify the critical factors that determine grain protein concentration in rice.Accumulation parameters,including mean accumulation rate(Rmean)and active accumulation duration(Dactive),for protein and non-protein components and their correlations with protein concentration in rice grains were investigated in field experiments conducted over two years with six rice cultivars.Results showed that grain protein concentration ranged from 9.6%to 11.9%across cultivars and years.Accumulation processes of protein and non-protein components were well fitted by the logistic equation for all six rice cultivars in both years,and the ratio of protein to non-protein for R_(mean) and D_(active) ranged from 0.08 to 0.12 and 1.01 to 1.33,respectively.Grain protein concentration was significantly correlated with protein to non-protein ratio for R_(mean).This study suggests that grain protein concentration is not solely determined by the accumulation of protein or non-protein component,but by the coordination of protein and non-protein accumulation.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on development of aesthetic interaction and interaction design theory and the applications on art design fi eld. In this article to discuss the experience and the depth of the aesthe...In this paper, we conduct research on development of aesthetic interaction and interaction design theory and the applications on art design fi eld. In this article to discuss the experience and the depth of the aesthetic object is limited in the fi eld of aesthetics, although both clearly show their subject or object, but if points in general is easy to fall into the quagmire of subjective idealism and mechanical materialism, it is off the aesthetic realm. It is on the basis of the unity between subject and object of this essay, it is in this, experience and the depth of the aesthetic object is worth exploring the intersection. Organizational communication and the reception aesthetics in their own unique research perspective and multi-disciplinary background, in the organization and the role of aesthetic gradually revealed, integration and interaction of the two is the inevitable trend of development. Under this basis, we propose the corresponding issues as the implementation that is meaningful.展开更多
Crop domestication has long been regarded as an evolutionary processbecause the development of new and improvedcultivars isbased on selection.Many domesticated crops possess a suite of selected characteristics such as...Crop domestication has long been regarded as an evolutionary processbecause the development of new and improvedcultivars isbased on selection.Many domesticated crops possess a suite of selected characteristics such as plant architecture,seed shattering,and inflorescence-related traits(Shi and Lai,2015).Alteration of secondary metabolites has also become a common domestication trait.However,it seems to be somewhat overlooked(Alseekh et al.,2021).展开更多
In recent years, there have been intensive activities in the area of constructing quantum maximum distance separable(MDS for short) codes from constacyclic MDS codes through the Hermitian construction. In this paper, ...In recent years, there have been intensive activities in the area of constructing quantum maximum distance separable(MDS for short) codes from constacyclic MDS codes through the Hermitian construction. In this paper, a new class of quantum MDS code is constructed, which extends the result of [Theorems 3.14–3.15, Kai, X., Zhu, S., and Li,P., IEEE Trans. on Inf. Theory, 60(4), 2014, 2080–2086], in the sense that our quantum MDS code has bigger minimum distance.展开更多
This study mainly focused on the key technologies,the photon dose calculation based on the Monte Carlo Finite-Size Pencil Beam(MCFSPB)model in the Accurate Radiotherapy System(ARTS).In the MCFSPB model,the acquisition...This study mainly focused on the key technologies,the photon dose calculation based on the Monte Carlo Finite-Size Pencil Beam(MCFSPB)model in the Accurate Radiotherapy System(ARTS).In the MCFSPB model,the acquisition of pencil beam kernel is one of the most important technologies.In this study,by analyzing the demerits of the clinical pencil beam dose calculation methods,a new pencil beam kernel model was developed based on the Monte Carlo(MC)simulation and the technology of medical accelerator energy spectrum reconstruction.which greatly improved the accuracy of calculated result.According to the axial symmetry principle,only part of simulation results was used for the data of pencil beam kernel,which greatly reduced the data quantity of the pencil beam and reduced calculated time.Based on the above studies,the MCFSPB method was designed and implemented by the Visual C++development tool.With several tests including the comparisons among the American Association of Physicists in Medicine(AAPM)No.55 Report sample and the ion chamber measurement of lung-simulating inhomogeneous phantom in clinical treatment plan,the results showed that the maximum error of most calculated point was less than 0.5%in the homogeneous phantom and less than 3%in the heterogeneous phantom.This method met the clinical criteria,and would be expected to be used as a fast and accurate dose engine for clinic TPS.展开更多
Klapper(1994) showed that there exists a class of geometric sequences with the maximal possible linear complexity when considered as sequences over GF(2), but these sequences have very low linear complexities when con...Klapper(1994) showed that there exists a class of geometric sequences with the maximal possible linear complexity when considered as sequences over GF(2), but these sequences have very low linear complexities when considered as sequences over GF(p)(p is an odd prime). This linear complexity of a binary sequence when considered as a sequence over GF(p) is called GF(p) complexity. This indicates that the binary sequences with high GF(2) linear complexities are inadequate for security in the practical application, while,their GF(p) linear complexities are also equally important, even when the only concern is with attacks using the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm [Massey, J. L., Shift-register synthesis and bch decoding, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 15(1), 1969, 122–127]. From this perspective, in this paper the authors study the GF(p) linear complexity of Hall's sextic residue sequences and some known cyclotomic-set-based sequences.展开更多
文摘Myeloblastosis(MYB)类转录因子是高等植物中最大的转录因子家族之一,在植物发育及防御反应过程中发挥重要作用,还参与植物对干旱等非生物胁迫的响应。谷子(Setaria italica L.)起源于中国,具有抗旱、耐瘠薄的特性,是研究单子叶作物非生物胁迫抗性的理想材料。本研究对耐低氮胁迫谷子品种郑204经低氮处理后进行转录组分析,鉴定出一个在低氮胁迫条件下明显上调的MYB类转录因子SiMYB42。系统发育树结果表明,SiMYB42属于R2R3-MYB亚族,具有2个MYB保守域;表达模式分析显示,SiMYB42在低氮、高盐、干旱和ABA胁迫条件下表达量显著上调;亚细胞定位、quantitative real-time PCR及转录激活活性分析结果表明,SiMYB42蛋白定位于植物的细胞核和细胞膜中,主要在谷子的叶部或根部表达,具有转录激活活性;基因功能分析结果表明,在正常条件下,转SiMYB42基因拟南芥与野生型Columbia-0拟南芥(WT)无明显差异,但在低氮条件下,转SiMYB42基因拟南芥的主根长、根系表面积及鲜重均显著高于WT,结果证明SiMYB42基因可以提高转基因植物对低氮胁迫的耐性;下游基因表达分析结果显示,在转SiMYB42基因拟南芥中,参与植物氮素转运的硝酸盐转运基因NRT2.1、NRT2.4和NRT2.5的表达水平均高于WT,启动子分析结果显示NRT2.1、NRT2.4和NRT2.5基因启动子序列中均具有MYB结合位点。以上结果证明,SiMYB42可以通过调控下游硝酸盐转运体基因的表达提高植物在低氮条件下的耐性。本研究揭示了SiMYB42基因在低氮胁迫反应途径中的作用,为进一步了解谷子低氮胁迫响应的调控网络奠定了基础。
基金supported by the Key R and D Programs of Zhejiang Province under Grant No.2022C01018the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under Grant No.LQ20F020019.
文摘Smart contracts running on public blockchains are permissionless and decentralized,attracting both developers and malicious participants.Ethereum,the world’s largest decentralized application platform on which more than 40 million smart contracts are running,is frequently challenged by smart contract vulnerabilities.What’s worse,since the homogeneity of a wide range of smart contracts and the increase in inter-contract dependencies,a vulnerability in a certain smart contract could affect a large number of other contracts in Ethereum.However,little is known about how vulnerable contracts affect other on-chain contracts and which contracts can be affected.Thus,we first present the contract dependency graph(CDG)to perform a vulnerability analysis for Ethereum smart contracts,where CDG characterizes inter-contract dependencies formed by DELEGATECALL-type internal transaction in Ethereum.Then,three generic definitions of security violations against CDG are given for finding respective potential victim contracts affected by different types of vulnerable contracts.Further,we construct the CDG with 195,247 smart contracts active in the latest blocks of the Ethereum and verify the above security violations against CDG by detecting three representative known vulnerabilities.Compared to previous large-scale vulnerability analysis,our analysis scheme marks potential victim contracts that can be affected by different types of vulnerable contracts,and identify their possible risks based on the type of security violation actually occurring.The analysis results show that the proportion of potential victim contracts reaches 14.7%,far more than that of corresponding vulnerable contracts(less than 0.02%)in CDG.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0300509).
文摘Protein in rice grains is an important source of nutrition for rice consumers.This study mainly aimed to identify the critical factors that determine grain protein concentration in rice.Accumulation parameters,including mean accumulation rate(Rmean)and active accumulation duration(Dactive),for protein and non-protein components and their correlations with protein concentration in rice grains were investigated in field experiments conducted over two years with six rice cultivars.Results showed that grain protein concentration ranged from 9.6%to 11.9%across cultivars and years.Accumulation processes of protein and non-protein components were well fitted by the logistic equation for all six rice cultivars in both years,and the ratio of protein to non-protein for R_(mean) and D_(active) ranged from 0.08 to 0.12 and 1.01 to 1.33,respectively.Grain protein concentration was significantly correlated with protein to non-protein ratio for R_(mean).This study suggests that grain protein concentration is not solely determined by the accumulation of protein or non-protein component,but by the coordination of protein and non-protein accumulation.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on development of aesthetic interaction and interaction design theory and the applications on art design fi eld. In this article to discuss the experience and the depth of the aesthetic object is limited in the fi eld of aesthetics, although both clearly show their subject or object, but if points in general is easy to fall into the quagmire of subjective idealism and mechanical materialism, it is off the aesthetic realm. It is on the basis of the unity between subject and object of this essay, it is in this, experience and the depth of the aesthetic object is worth exploring the intersection. Organizational communication and the reception aesthetics in their own unique research perspective and multi-disciplinary background, in the organization and the role of aesthetic gradually revealed, integration and interaction of the two is the inevitable trend of development. Under this basis, we propose the corresponding issues as the implementation that is meaningful.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301813,32161143005)the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(SCKJ-JYRC-2022-22)Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory(B21Y10212).
文摘Crop domestication has long been regarded as an evolutionary processbecause the development of new and improvedcultivars isbased on selection.Many domesticated crops possess a suite of selected characteristics such as plant architecture,seed shattering,and inflorescence-related traits(Shi and Lai,2015).Alteration of secondary metabolites has also become a common domestication trait.However,it seems to be somewhat overlooked(Alseekh et al.,2021).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11171150,113711138,11531002)the Foundation of Science and the Technology on Information Assurance Laboratory(No.KJ-15-009)
文摘In recent years, there have been intensive activities in the area of constructing quantum maximum distance separable(MDS for short) codes from constacyclic MDS codes through the Hermitian construction. In this paper, a new class of quantum MDS code is constructed, which extends the result of [Theorems 3.14–3.15, Kai, X., Zhu, S., and Li,P., IEEE Trans. on Inf. Theory, 60(4), 2014, 2080–2086], in the sense that our quantum MDS code has bigger minimum distance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.30900386&No.81101132the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation under grant No.11040606Q55.
文摘This study mainly focused on the key technologies,the photon dose calculation based on the Monte Carlo Finite-Size Pencil Beam(MCFSPB)model in the Accurate Radiotherapy System(ARTS).In the MCFSPB model,the acquisition of pencil beam kernel is one of the most important technologies.In this study,by analyzing the demerits of the clinical pencil beam dose calculation methods,a new pencil beam kernel model was developed based on the Monte Carlo(MC)simulation and the technology of medical accelerator energy spectrum reconstruction.which greatly improved the accuracy of calculated result.According to the axial symmetry principle,only part of simulation results was used for the data of pencil beam kernel,which greatly reduced the data quantity of the pencil beam and reduced calculated time.Based on the above studies,the MCFSPB method was designed and implemented by the Visual C++development tool.With several tests including the comparisons among the American Association of Physicists in Medicine(AAPM)No.55 Report sample and the ion chamber measurement of lung-simulating inhomogeneous phantom in clinical treatment plan,the results showed that the maximum error of most calculated point was less than 0.5%in the homogeneous phantom and less than 3%in the heterogeneous phantom.This method met the clinical criteria,and would be expected to be used as a fast and accurate dose engine for clinic TPS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61202007,U1509213)Top Priority of the Discipline(Information and Communication Engineering)Open Foundation of Zhejiang+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2013M540323)the Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation in Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics(No.BCXJ 13-17)
文摘Klapper(1994) showed that there exists a class of geometric sequences with the maximal possible linear complexity when considered as sequences over GF(2), but these sequences have very low linear complexities when considered as sequences over GF(p)(p is an odd prime). This linear complexity of a binary sequence when considered as a sequence over GF(p) is called GF(p) complexity. This indicates that the binary sequences with high GF(2) linear complexities are inadequate for security in the practical application, while,their GF(p) linear complexities are also equally important, even when the only concern is with attacks using the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm [Massey, J. L., Shift-register synthesis and bch decoding, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 15(1), 1969, 122–127]. From this perspective, in this paper the authors study the GF(p) linear complexity of Hall's sextic residue sequences and some known cyclotomic-set-based sequences.