Research status and application of artificial intelligence large models in the oil and gas industry

This article elucidates the concept of large model technology,summarizes the research status of large model technology both domestically and internationally,provides an overview of the application status of large models in vertical industries,outlines the challenges and issues confronted in applying large models in the oil and gas sector,and offers prospects for the application of large models in the oil and gas industry.The existing large models can be briefly divided into three categories:large language models,visual large models,and multimodal large models.The application of large models in the oil and gas industry is still in its infancy.Based on open-source large language models,some oil and gas enterprises have released large language model products using methods like fine-tuning and retrieval augmented generation.Scholars have attempted to develop scenario-specific models for oil and gas operations by using visual/multimodal foundation models.A few researchers have constructed pre-trained foundation models for seismic data processing and interpretation,as well as core analysis.The application of large models in the oil and gas industry faces challenges such as current data quantity and quality being difficult to support the training of large models,high research and development costs,and poor algorithm autonomy and control.The application of large models should be guided by the needs of oil and gas business,taking the application of large models as an opportunity to improve data lifecycle management,enhance data governance capabilities,promote the construction of computing power,strengthen the construction of“artificial intelligence+energy”composite teams,and boost the autonomy and control of large model technology.

Impact of human settlements quality on urban vitality based on multisource data:A case study of Shahekou District,Dalian,China

Urban geography has always been concerned about the influence of human settlements on urban vitality,but few studies reveal the influence of human settlements on urban vitality at a micro-scale.This paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of human settlements’quality and urban vitality at the micro-scale using Geodetectors and geographic weighted regression to analyze the relationship between human settlements and urban vitality.The results are shown as follows:there is still a significant development space for human settlements quality in Shahekou District,with obvious spatial dependence characteristics and significant gaps between various systems;the urban vitality of Shahekou District has obvious timeliness,and the urban vitality undergoes significant changes over time,which is related to the human settlements quality.The spatial distribution presents a single core spatial distribution structure with strong relative stability.The spatial distribution of cold and hot spots shows a pattern of“high in the north and low in the south,high in the east and low in the west”,with an increasing trend from southwest to northeast;the reachability of public transport has a significant impact on urban vitality.Its synergy with other variables is the leading force forming the spatial distribution of urban vitality.The environmental system,support system and social system are the significant factors affecting the urban vitality of Shahekou District.

胃癌中医证型与病灶组织中MMP-9、TIMP-2和HER-2表达的相关性分析

目的:研究胃癌组织中基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、组织基质金属蛋白抑制剂2(TIMP-2)和人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)蛋白表达水平及与中医证型的相关性。方法:以2012年1月至2015年12月就诊的124例胃癌患者为观察组,以同期就诊的50例慢性萎缩性胃炎患者为对照组,检测2组患者病灶组织中MMP-9、TIMP-2和HER-2蛋白表达阳性率,对观察组患者进行中医辨证分型,比较胃癌不同中医证型患者MMP-9、TIMP-2和HER-2蛋白表达水平。结果:脾胃虚寒型和肝胃不和型Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期的比例明显高于Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期(P<0.05),痰湿凝结型、瘀毒内阻型和气血双亏型Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期的比例明显高于Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期(P<0.05),胃热伤阴型Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期的比例和Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期相比无明显差异(P>0.05);观察组MMP-9、TIMP-2、HER-2的阳性表达率分别为67.74%、69.35%、71.43%,明显高于对照组的4.00%、6.00%、0.00%(P<0.05)。结论:胃癌各类中医证型中MMP-9、TIMP-2和HER-2蛋白阳性表达率均明显高于慢性萎缩性胃炎患者,且实证患者MMP-9、TIMP-2和HER-2蛋白阳性表达率较高,虚证患者则较低,即胃癌患者的不同中医证型可能处在不同的病变发展阶段,可以在一定程度上反映胃癌的严重程度及预后情况。

Lichen-Based Nano-Particles, an Emerging Antibacterial Approach

Bacterial pathogens produced resistance against the existing antimicrobial applications. Scientist trending towards the potent novel eco-friendly and cost effective antimicrobial approaches and fabricating bio-based nano-particles. In this regard, several bio-materials have been investigated, such as, bacteria, fungi, algae, lichens and green plants. Lichens are introduced as an emerging source to synthesis bio-based nano-particles. The lichen-based metal nano-materials, especially fabricated by applying green chemistry strategies, have resulted significant alternates to traditional antimicrobial applications. Several studies break out and revealed that lichen-based nano-particle showed strong antimicrobial efficacy, as the lichens are biologically compatible. Current review summarizes an overview of lichen-based nano-materials, their fabrication, their applications, and their molecular action mechanism. As it emerged a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent for pharmaceutical and agricultural applications.

二维配位聚合物[Tb(1,4⁃bdc)_(1.5)(phen)(H_(2)O)]_(n)的合成、晶体结构及对Fe_(3+)离子的荧光检测

通过溶剂热反应成功合成出一种新型2D配位聚合物[Tb(1,4-bdc)_(1.5)(phen)(H_(2)O)]_(n)(1)(1,4-H_(2)bdc=对苯二甲酸;phen=菲咯啉)。对其进行了单晶X射线衍射、粉末X射线衍射、红外光谱、元素分析、荧光光谱表征。X射线衍射晶体学分析表明,配合物1结晶于三斜晶系P1空间群,2个相邻的Tb(Ⅲ)离子与4个1,4-bdc^(2-)通过—O—C—O—桥联成双核单元,并进一步通过1,4-bdc^(2-)桥联成二维层状结构。荧光实验证明配合物1可以通过荧光猝灭机制检测Fe_(3+),Ksv=8.39×10^(3) L·mol-1,检测限为0.017μmol·L^(-1)。

Plate convergence in the Indo-Pacific region

The Indo-Pacific convergence region is the best target to solve the teo remaining challenges of the plate tectonics theory,i.e.,subduction initiation and the driving force of plate tectonics.Recent studies proposed that the Izu-Bonin subduction initiation belongs to spontaneous initiation,which implies that it started from extension,followed by low angle subduction.Numerical geodynamic modeling suggests that the initiation of plate subduction likely occurred along a transform fault,which put the young spreading ridge in direct contact with old oceanic crust.This,however,does not explain the simultaneous subduction initiation in the west Pacific region in the Cenozoic.Namely,the subduction initiations in the Izu-BoninMariana,the Aleutian,and the Tonga-Kermadec trenches are associated with oceanic crusts of different ages,yet they occurred at roughly the same time,suggesting that they were all triggered by a maj or change in the Pacific plate.Moreover,low angle subduction induces compression rather than extension,which requires external compression forces.Given that the famous Hawaiian-Emperor bending occurred roughly at the same time with the onset of westward subductions in the west Pacific,we propose that these Cenozoic subductions were initiated by the steering of the Pacific plate,which are classified as induced initiation.Induced subduction initiation usually occurs in young ocean basins,forming single-track subduction.The closure s of Neo-Tethys Oceans were likely triggered by plume s in the south,forming northward subductions.Interestingly,the Indian plate kept on moving northward more than 50 Ma after the collision between the Indian and Eurasian continents and the break-off of the subducted oceanic slab attached to it.This strongly suggests that slab pull is not the main driving force of plate tectonics,whereas slab sliding is.

Treatment of leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata with goserelin acetate: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata(LPD)is a rare condition characterized by multiple pelvic and abdominal nodules,which are composed of smoothmuscle cells.To date,no more than 200 cases have been reported.The diagnosis of LPD is difficult and there are no guidelines on the treatment of LPD.Currently,surgical excision is the mainstay.However,hormone blockade therapy can be an alternative choice.CASE SUMMARY A 33-year-old female patient with abdominal discomfort and palpable abdominal masses was admitted to our hospital.She had undergone four surgeries related to uterine leiomyoma in the past 8 years.Computed tomography revealed multiple nodules scattered within the abdominal wall and peritoneal cavity.Her symptoms and the result of the core-needle biopsy were consistent with LPD.The patient refused surgery and was then treated with tamoxifen,ulipristal acetate(a selective progesterone receptor modulator),and goserelin acetate(a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist).Both tamoxifen and ulipristal acetate were not effective in controlling the disease progression.However,the patient achieved an excellent response when goserelin acetate was attempted with relieved syndromes and obvious shrinkage of nodules.The largest nodule showed a 25%decrease in the sum of the longest diameters from pretreatment to posttreatment.Up to now,2 years have elapsed and the patient remains asymptomatic and there is no development of further nodules.CONCLUSION Goserelin acetate is effective for the management of LPD.The long-term use of goserelin acetate is thought to be safe and effective.Hormone blockade therapy can replace repeated surgical excision in recurrent patients.

Distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in Tibetan hot springs

Isoprenoidal glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers （iGDGTs） from the Gulu hot springs （23--83.6 ℃, pH 〉 7） and Yangbajing hot springs （80-128 ℃, pH 〉 7） were analyzed in order to investigate the distribution of archaeal lipids among different hot springs in Tibet. A soil sample from Gulu was incubated at different temperatures and analyzed for changes in iGDGTs to help evaluate whether surrounding soil may contribute to the iGDGTs in hot springs. The sources of bacterial GDGTs （bGDGTs） in these hot springs were also investigated. The results revealed different profiles ofiGDGTs between Gulu and Yangbajing hot springs. Core iGDGTs and polar iGDGTs also presented different patterns in each hot spring. The PCA analysis showed that the structure of polar iGDGTs can be explained by three factors and suggested multiple sources of these compounds. Bivariate correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between polar and core bGDGTs, suggesting the in situ production of bGDGTs in the hot springs. Furthermore, in the soil incubation experiment, temperature had the most significant influence on concentration of bGDGTs rather than iGDGTs, and polar bGDGTs had greater variability than core bGDGTs with changing temperature. Our results indicated that soil input had little influence on the composition of GDGTs in Tibetan hot springs.

Provenance System Analysis of the Nantun Formation of the Huhehu Sag in Hailar Basin

Huhehu Sag is a new battlefield for the future oil and gas exploration in the Hailar Basin. At present, exploration of this area stays at a low level and the understanding of the provenance system of the Nantun Formation is comparatively weak. So, to carry out the detailed depiction of the provenance system in the study area is significant for the sedimentary system reconstruction, for the prediction of reservoir distribution and favorable areas. Based on comprehensive analysis of paleogeomorphy, light-heavy mineral and seismic reflection features, sandstone thickness and sandstone percentage, this paper analyzes in detail the provenance system of the Nantun Formation in Huhehu Sag from various angles and levels. It shows that provenances of the Huhehu Sag mainly originated from the eastern Xilinbeier Salient and western Bayan Mountain Uplift. The provenances surrounding the lake basin converged to the center of the basin, among which, the steep slope belt and the gentle slope belt are the main provenances, and the southern uplift is a secondary one. The distribution framework of the provenance fundamentally determines the distribution rules of the depositional system and its sand body developing during the Nantun period.

优化后的QuEChERs方法测定不同基质中百菌清农药残留

建立并使用优化后的QuEChERs前处理方法,利用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(Gas chromatography-electron capture detector,GC-ECD)分析了不同基质中的百菌清农药残留物。通过回收率比对,确定使用1%乙酸乙腈进行提取,15 mg多壁碳纳米管(Multi-walled carbon nanotubes,MWCNTs)作为色素吸附剂。结果表明,果蔬中百菌清的检出限、定量限及回收率与基质种类有关,在6个浓度水平下,不同果蔬基质中百菌清在0.00063~0.1 g·mL^(-1)范围内线性关系良好,相关系数在0.99以上。在3个加标水平下(n=6),其回收率为93%~105%,相对标准偏差为1.7%~5.8%,检出限(S/N=3)为0.00063 mg·kg^(-1),定量限(S/N=10)为0.0019 mg·kg^(-1)。与其他检测仪器相比较具有更低的检出限,说明本方法快速简便,灵敏度高,为百菌清农药残留量的检测提供了一种高通量的检测方法。

Residual tumor and central lymph node metastasis after thermal ablation of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Debate exists regarding the use of thermal ablation(TA)to treat papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Some studies have recommended TA as a new,ef
cient and safe technology for PTC.In this article,we report one case of a residual tumor and central lymph node metastasis(CLNM)after TA for PTC.CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old female underwent bilateral ultrasound(US)-guided radiofrequency ablation for PTC.Three months later,she was diagnosed as thyroid cancer with suspected CLNM by US and contrast-enhanced computed tomography.The subsequent fine-needle aspiration(FNA)biopsies were negative.Due to her strong personal preference,she underwent total thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection.Local tissue adhesion and a difficult dissection were noted during the operation.The pathology of the frozen sections during the operation was still negative.The final pathology results of paraffin-embedded sections revealed residual tumor cells at the edge of the PTC and CLNM.CONCLUSION TA may lead to a residual tumor in patients with PTC.Follow-up using US and FNA biopsy may not be adequate to evaluate the residual tumor.TA should be carefully considered in PTC treatment.

Microscale comprehensive evaluation of continental shale oil recoverability

This paper targets the shale oil reservoirs of middle to high maturity in four major basins of China,including the Permian Lucaogou Formation of the Jimsar Sag in the Junggar Basin,the Chang 73 Member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Longdong area of the Ordos Basin,the Kong 2 Member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin,and the Qing 1 Member of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in Changling Sag of the Songliao Basin.The key parameters of the shale oil reservoirs in the four basins,such as reservoirs effectiveness,oil content,crude oil movability,and fracability,have been revealed under identical experimental conditions using the same evaluation technical system,on the basis of technique development and integrated application of multi-scale spatial distribution depiction,effective connectivity calculation,movable oil assessment based on the charging effect,and simulation of fracture propagation during reservoir stimulation.This research overcomes insufficient resolutions of conventional analysis approaches and difficulties in quantitative evaluation,develops the evaluation method for resource recoverability of different types of shale oil,and gains insights into different types of shale oil via comparison.The results of experiments and comparative analysis show that there are significant differences in the endowment of continental shale oil resources in the four major basins in China.Among them,the Lucaogou Formation in the Junggar Basin has more effective shale reservoirs,the Chang 73 sub-member of the Ordos Basin has a comparatively good proportion of movable oil and the Kong 2 Member of the Bohai Bay Basin has the best fracability.These results can provide references and basis for choosing development plans and engineering techniques.

Robust Waterborne Polyurethane/Wool Keratin/Silk Sericin Freeze-Drying Composite Membrane for Heavy Metal Ions Adsorption

Wool keratin(WK)and silk sericin(SS)have the ability to interact with metal ions.In order to take advantage of this potential,a novel environmentally friendly waterborne polyurethane(WPU)/WK/SS membrane named as WPU&WK&SS membrane with crosslinked structure was constructed by freeze-drying via self-assembly style.Surface morphology and chemical structure characterization were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).In addition,the adsorption experiments of Cu2+and Cr6+were performed to evaluate the adsorption of WPU&WK&SS membrane,including adsorption kinetics,adsorption isotherm models and various factors affecting adsorption.Further investigation indicates that the maximum adsorption capacity of Cu2+and Cr6+can reach 54.21 mg·g-1and 85.21 mg·g-1,respectively,which are higher than most of the reported adsorbents.Through adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic analysis,it is find that the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model are more suitable for the static adsorption of Cu2+and Cr6+by WPU&WK&SS membrane.

基于光纤监测的分段压裂多簇均衡性评价与优化建议

作为庆城页岩油矿场实验室一期工程的一部分,从本井水平井压裂过程中,通过套管外部署的永久式光缆上采集的DAS和DTS分布式光纤监测数据可以用来评估水平井分段多簇压裂模式下的多簇砂液分配动态变化特征。文章详细阐述了水力压裂过程中基于DAS、DTS测量理论基础与各簇进液进砂计算模型,提出了多簇裂缝均一性指数计算方法,得到段簇设计、射孔优化、暂堵等因素对多簇裂缝均衡性的影响规律认识。结合现场实际应用情况得到几点认识:(1)光纤技术是目前评价多簇砂液分配规律的最有效且最直观的技术,能够准确量化评价多簇扩展均衡性;(2)庆城页岩油各簇均有进液信号显示,100%起裂进液;(3)簇间进液进砂分配差异大,计算均一性指数30%~87%,平均61.8%,且仍有提升空间;(4)甜点品质、段簇设计及射孔是影响进液进砂关键因素,暂堵效果不明显。该应用实例为后续开发方案的调整和压裂设计的优化提供了重要依据,同时有助于拓展分布式光纤监测技术在国内非常规油气领域的更加广泛、深入的应用。

“Seminar⁃CBL⁃课程思政”创新模式在临床药理学教学实践中的初步探索

临床药理学是桥接临床医学与药理学的重要学科,在该学科的教学实践中需紧跟教育改革形势,采用研讨式(Seminar)教学法联合案例教学法(case⁃based learning,CBL)以切实提高“教”与“学”的双重获益。而课程思政教学是培养学生高度责任心和高尚医德,实现立德树人目标的重要路径。目前,抗肿瘤药物的临床药理课程教学中存在学生肿瘤药理专业基础知识薄弱、传统讲授方法导致“教”与“学”分离、教材内容陈旧且滞后、学生积极性不高等问题。因此,本文以这一部分课程教学为例,初步探讨“Seminar⁃CBL⁃课程思政”这一创新模式在临床药理学教学实践中的作用,以期激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生正确的世界观、人生观、价值观,实现“教”与“学”的双重目标,为优化临床药理学教学提供借鉴。

互联网使用对老年人无用感的影响研究

目的:了解当前我国老年人无用感现状及互联网使用对老年人无用感的影响,并探讨年龄和社会参与在其中的调节作用,为提升老年人心理健康、促进积极老龄化提供实证依据。方法:使用t检验和方差分析进行单因素分析,采用多元线性回归进行多因素分析,使用选点法和Johnson-Neyman法对年龄和社会参与的调节效应进行分析。结果:当前我国老年人无用感水平较高,互联网使用对老年人无用感有影响(b=-0.10,P<0.001);随着年龄增加和社会参与水平的提高,互联网使用对老年人无用感的缓解作用逐渐减弱(b=0.01,P<0.05;b=0.02,P<0.01)。结论:互联网使用对老年人无用感具有缓解作用并受到年龄和社会参与的调节。建议尽早对年龄较低的老年人进行互联网接入干预,并重点关注社会参与水平较低的老年人;应发挥互联网降低老年人无用感的积极作用,提升老年人心理健康水平。

初始资源、战略匹配度、创业学习与新创企业成长效应

初始资源、创业战略、创业学习是创业理论的重要范畴,但不少研究往往割裂范畴之间内在联系,孤立分析上述因素对新创企业成长影响,难以适应动态复杂的环境变化,也与高度能动性创业活动的实际情况不吻合。借鉴资源基础理论的分析范式,构建“初始资源–创业战略–企业成长性”新分析框架,并将创业战略模式具体化为新企业对创业机会来源和创业合法性方式的选择组合,引进创业学习变量,构建有调节的中介效应模型。通过对266家新创企业的问卷调查,构建回归模型进行实证分析。研究发现:(1)初始资源禀赋对新创企业成长具有直接积极影响。(2)战略模式选择的成长效应不显著,但初始资源结构与创业战略模式之间内洽性和匹配度,则对新企业成长具有显著中介效应。(3)创业学习是重要调节变量,但不同学习方式对不同创业路径的调节效应具有差异性和不确定性。

文化自信视域下中国电影传播策略研究

近年来,中国电影在国际舞台上的影响力不断提升,许多优秀的作品获得了国际认可和奖项。中国电影在传承中华优秀传统文化方面做出了积极探索,越来越多的电影作品通过回顾历史、表达中国精神和价值观、弘扬中华文化引起国内外观众的广泛共鸣。同时,中国电影在创新与多样性方面呈现出丰富的发展态势,不少导演大胆尝试新颖的电影语言和故事叙述方式,挖掘了丰富多彩的题材和风格,在文化自信视域下众多作品的成功表明了中国电影行业正在逐步走向多元化和国际化。在传播策略方面增强德育功能、弘扬中国优秀传统文化价值观、挖掘本土文化题材作为重要的内容建构,配合多元化的传播渠道着重讲好中国故事,凸显中国故事的独特魅力和风格,提高中国电影在国际市场上的竞争力和影响力。

光纤传感技术在油气田开发中的应用

分布式光纤监测技术在油气田开发中具有无可比拟的优势。从分布式光纤传感技术基本原理和井中布设方式出发,介绍了光纤传感技术在水力压裂、连续油管产液剖面测试、邻井压裂监测、油气井注采监测、储气库安全监测和套损监测等多个石油工程领域应用情况。整体表明光纤监测是一种经济高效的监测技术,具备实时监控油气井全生命周期的潜力,是具有科学性、时代特性和安全高效的生产测井技术。同时指出分布式光纤传感技术在油田应用的未来发展应聚焦于提升传感器性能、丰富光纤监测场景应用、提高资料处理解释水平能力,降低应用成本,进一步发挥光纤在油气田开发中的作用。

Low organic matter abundance and highly efficient hydrocarbon generation of saline source rock in the Qaidam Basin,NW China

The geochemical analysis and experimental simulation are comprehensively used to systematically study the hydrocarbon generation material,organic matter enrichment and hydrocarbon generation model of Paleogene source rock in the Western Qaidam Depression,Qaidam Basin,NW China.Three main factors result in low TOC values of saline lacustrine source rock of the Qaidam Basin:relatively poor nutrient supply inhibits the algal bloom,too fast deposition rate causes the dilution of organic matter,and high organic matter conversion efficiency causes the low residual organic carbon.For this type of hydrogen-rich organic matter,due to the reduction of organic carbon during hydrocarbon generation,TOC needs to be restored based on maturity before evaluating organic matter abundance.The hydrocarbon generation of saline lacustrine source rocks of the Qaidam Basin is from two parts:soluble organic matter and insoluble organic matter.The soluble organic matter is inherited from organisms and preserved in saline lacustrine basins.It generates hydrocarbons during low-maturity stage,and the formed hydrocarbons are rich in complex compounds such as NOS,and undergo secondary cracking to form light components in the later stage;the hydrocarbon generation model of insoluble organic matter conforms to the traditional“Tissot”model,with an oil generation peak corresponding to Ro of 1.0%.