Research on the Application of Evidence-Based Quality Control Circle to Improve the Implementation Rate of Airway Management Measures in Adult Critically Ill Patients

Objective: To explore the effect of evidence-based quality control circle (QCC) in improving the implementation rate of airway management measures in adult critically ill patients. Methods: Based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) evidence-based health care model, the best evidence of airway management in adult critically ill patients was obtained and applied to the clinic. Results: The total implementation rate of airway management measures in adult critically ill patients increased from 23.62% before the implementation of quality control circle to 88.82%, and the pulmonary infection rate in critically ill patients decreased from 42.31% to 21.74%, with statistical significance between the two groups (P 0.05). Conclusion: Evidence-based quality control circle activities can standardize the practice standards of airway management in critically ill patients, reduce the occurrence of patients’ airway related complications, and improve clinical outcomes.

Applications,of fluorescence lifetime imaging in clinical medicine

Fluorescence lifetime is not only associated with the molecular structure f fuorophores,but alsostrongly depends on the environment around them,which llows fuorescence lifetime imagingmicroscopy(FLIM)to be used as a tool for precise measurement of the cell or tisue microenvironment,This review introduces the basic principle of fuorescence lifetime imagingtechnology and its application in clinical medicine,including research and diagnosis of diseases inskin,brain,eyes,mouth,bone,blood vessels and cavity organs,and drug evaluation.As anoninvasive,nontoxic and nonionizing radiation technique,FLIM demonstrates excellent per-formance with high sensitivity and specificity,which allows to determine precise position of thelesion and,thus,has good potential for application in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis.

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and its applications in skin cancer diagnosis

Fluorescence lifetime(FLT)of fluorophores is sensitive to the changes in their surrounding microenvironment,and hence it can quantitatively reveal the physiological characterization of the tissue under investigation.Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy(FLIM)provides not only morphological but also functional information of the tisse by producing spatially resolved image of fuorophore lifetime,which can be used as a signature of disorder and/or malignancy in diseased tissues.In this paper,we begin by introducing the basic principle and common detection methods of FLIM.Then the recent advances in the FLIM-based diagnosis of three different skin cancers,including basal cell carcinoma(BCC),squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)and malignant melanoma(MM)are reviewed.Furthermore,the potential advantages of FLIM in skin cancer diagnosis and the challenges that may be faced in the future are prospected.

RECENT PROGRESS IN MULTIFOCAL MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY

Multifocal multiphoton microscopy(MMM)has recently become an important tool in biomedicine for performing three-dimensional fastfluorescence imaging.Using various beamsplitting techniques,MMM splits the near-infrared laser beam into multiple beamlets and produces a multifocal array on the sample for parallel multiphoton excitation and then recordsfluorescence signal from all foci simultaneously with an area array detector,which significantly improves the imaging speed of multiphoton microscopy and allows for high efficiency in use of the excitation light.In this paper,we discuss the features of several MMM setups using different beamsplitting devices,including a Nipkow spinning disk,a microlens array,a set of beamsplitting mirrors,or a diffractive optical element(DOE).In particular,we present our recent work on the development of an MMM using a spatial light modulator(SLM).

MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF MULTIFOCAL STOCHASTIC SCANNING SYSTEM

Multifocal multiphoton microscopy(MMM)has greatly improved the utilization of excitationlight and imaging speed due to parallel multiphoton excitation of the samples and simultaneousdetection of the signals,which allows it to perform three-dimensional fast fuorescence imaging.Stochastic scanming can provide continuous,uniform and high-speed excitation of the sample,which makes it a suitable scanning scheme for MMM.In this paper,the graphical programminglanguage,LabVIEW is used to achieve stochastic scanning of the two-dimensional galvo scanmers by using white noise signals to control the a and y mirrors independently.Moreover,thestochastic scanning process is simulated by using Monte Carlo method.Our results show that MMM can avoid oversampling or subsampling in the scanning area and meet the requirements of uniform sampling by stochastically scanning the individual units of the N×N foci array.Therefore,continuous and umiform scaning in the whole field of view is implemented.

Resilience of oilseed rape plants to drought stress after exogenous application of AM1,an ABA-mimicking ligand

AM1(ABA-mimicking ligand)is a newly identified signaling molecule for plants during drought tolerance.To investigate the potential role of AM1 in response of rapeseed to drought stress,we conducted experiments by growing rapeseed plants under different levels of drought stress with or without applying AM1 or ABA in a rain shelter.The results indicated that drought significantly inhibited rapeseed growth by damaging the photosyn-thesis system,increasing active oxygen accumulation,destroying the oxidative system,and worsening membrane lipid peroxidation.Exogenously applied AM1 and ABA both relieved the damage to rapeseed that was induced by drought stress.Compared with the drought-treated rapeseed,the AM1 treatment significantly improved plant height,number of greelp leaves,root collar thickness,leaf area,dry matter weight,and root cap ratios of rapeseed.In addition,Pn,Gs,Ci,Tr were significantly increased by the AM1 treatment.The AM1 treatment also alleviated the drought induced reductions in Fv/Fm,ΦPSII,qN and ETR;induced an increase in NPQ;and resulted in decreased active oxygen accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation.Although the ABA treatment relieved photosynthetic fluorescence and antioxidation system parameters to some extent,the effect was inferior to AM1 treatment.Yield under AM1 treatment was higher than that under ABA treatment but was still far lower than that of normal water supply control.In summary,AM1 is functionally similar to ABA in terms of drought relief and regulation,moreover has a better effect.

Study on Motivational Factors in L2 Learning

This study is an intrinsic study of EFL motivation at the tertiary level by the use of a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Three parts are involved in this study： 1） variables that constitute learners＇ motivation of EFL learning; 2） the relationships among motivational components; 3） the differences between high achievers and low achievers.

Brassinosteroids promote seed development and physiological maturity of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Long developmental stage and late harvest time of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) have great negative effects on rice planting of rice-rapeseed farming system in China. Early maturity improvement of rapeseed is necessary. ‘Zhongshuang 11’, an elite winter rapeseed cultivar, was used in consecutive field experiments during 2010-2012. At initial flowering stage, plants were consecutively sprayed with 0.1 mg/L 2-4-Epibrassinolide(BR) for 3 d. Two hundred sampling pods from different plants were randomly collected to measure seed related indexes with a 4 d interval from 7 to 47 d after peak anthesis (DAPA).Seed color turned light brown at 31 or 35 DAPA after BR treatment, seed dry weight (DWT)was increased while seed moisture content (SMC) was decreased during seed development.DWT almost reached the maximum value when SMC was 33.20% at 31 DAPA in 2010-2011 and 35.29% at 35 DAPA in 2011-2012 growing season after BR treatment. Similarly,the maximum values of standard germination test (SGT), accelerated aging test (AAT)and cold test (CT) were observed at 31 or 35 DAPA after BR treatment respectively. The high yield and seed oil content appeared at 31 or 35 DAPA accompanied with rapid decrease in total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) in stems and leaves. Our study indicated that BR application advanced maturity of winter rapeseed by 4 to 8 days.

Di-PEGylated insulin:A long-acting insulin conjugate with superior safety in reducing hypoglycemic events

Although the discovery of insulin 100 years ago revolutionized the treatment of diabetes,its therapeutic potential is compromised by its short half-life and narrow therapeutic index.Current long-acting insulin analogs,such as insulin-polymer conjugates,are mainly used to improve pharmacokinetics by reducing renal clearance.However,these conjugates are synthesized without sacrificing the bioactivity of insulin,thus retaining the narrow therapeutic index of native insulin,and exceeding the efficacious dose still leads to hypoglycemia.Here,we report a kind of di-PEGylated insulin that can simultaneously reduce renal clearance and receptor-mediated clearance.By impairing the binding affinity to the receptor and the activation of the receptor,di-PEGylated insulin not only further prolongs the half-life of insulin compared to classical mono-PEGylated insulin but most importantly,increases its maximum tolerated dose 10-fold.The target of long-term glycemic management in vivo has been achieved through improved pharmacokinetics and a high dose.This work represents an essential step towards long-acting insulin medication with superior safety in reducing hypoglycemic events.

Copper-Mediated Selective Multiple Inert Chemical Bonds Cleavage for Cyanation of Indoles via Tandem Carbon and Nitrogen Atom Transfer

Comprehensive Summary The activation of inert chemical bonds is an exciting area of research in chemistry because it enables the direct utilization of readily available starting materials and promotes atom-and step-economic synthesis.Undoubtedly,selectively activating and transforming multiple inert chemical bonds is an even more intriguing and demanding task in synthetic chemistry.However,due to its inherent complexity and extreme challenges,this endeavour is rarely accomplished.We report a copper-mediated complete cleavage and selective transformation of multiple inert chemical bonds of three easily available feedstocks,i.e.,a sp2C—H bond in indoles,three sp3C—H bonds and one C—N bond in a methyl carbon atom in TMEDA,and the C≡N triple bond in CH_(3)CN.This reaction proceeds via tandem carbon and nitrogen atom transfer,and allows for the direct and efficient cyanation of indoles,presenting a simple and direct alternative for synthesizing 3-cyanoindoles.

Characteristics of atmospheric nitrous oxide observed at Mt.Waliguan GAW global station in the inland Eurasia during eighteen years

This study presents atmospheric N_(2)O mole fractions measured from discrete air samples from 2001 to 2018 at Mt.Waliguan(WLG)station(36°17′N,100°54′E,3816 m asl)in China,which is a global background station of the World Meteorological Organization/Global Atmosphere Watch Programme(WMO/GAW)in central Eurasia.Observed N_(2)O characteristics of annual means,interannual variability,and seasonal cycles were investigated.Our results show that N_(2)O at WLG possess a distinct increasing trend and a statistically significant seasonal cycle,with an average growth rate of 0.9±0.01 ppb yr^(−1)(1σ)(1ppb=10^(−9)),which is close to the global mean.The detrended seasonal cycle shows a trough of−0.25±0.04(1σ)ppb in June and a peak of 0.13±0.07(1σ)ppb in September,with an amplitude of 0.38 ppb.The pattern is due to combined effects of variation in surface sources,vertical convection within the boundary layer and stratosphere to troposphere transportation(STE).The interannual variability in growth rate was partly driven by quasi-biennial oscillation(QBO)of tropical zonal wind through stratospheric transport into the troposphere.According to a cluster analysis of back trajectories and the corresponding average N_(2)O load,most air masses cover arid and semi-arid areas in inner Asia with low N_(2)O emissions,indicating that the atmospheric N_(2)O at the WLG represents the background N_(2)O level in central Eurasia.

Evaluation of early liquid drinking after radical gastrectomy in gastric cancer:a Chinese multicenter propensity score matching analysis

Background:Enhanced recovery after surgery is used in gastrointestinal surgery.This study aimed to access the effects of early liquid drinking(ELD)on gastrointestinal function recovery in patients with gastric cancer(GC)who underwent radical gastrectomy,as high-quality evidence on the outcomes of ELD after gastrectomy is currently lacking.Methods:Clinicopathological data of patients with GC from 11 centers were retrospectively analysed.Clinical outcomes were investigated in 555 patients,including 225 who started drinking liquid within 48 h(ELD group)of surgery and 330 who started drinking liquid after flatus resumption(traditional liquid drinking[TLD]group).Propensity score matching(PSM)analysis was performed using a match ratio of 1:1 and 201 patients were selected from each group for the analysis.Primary outcome was time to first passage of flatus.Secondary outcomes included time to first defecation,post-operative hospitalization days,occurrence of short-term post-operative complications,and hospitalization costs.Results:After PSM,baseline characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups.The time to first flatus(2.7261.08 vs 3.3661.39 days),first defecation(4.3461.85 vs 4.7761.61 days),and post-operative hospital stay(8.2764.02 vs 12.9464.43 days)were shorter in the ELD group than in the TLD group(all P<0.05).The ELD group had lower hospitalization costs than the TLD group([7.8362.44 vs 8.7863.41]104 RMB,P=0.041).No significant differences were observed in the incidence of post-operative complications.Conclusions:Compared with TLD,post-operative ELD could promote rapid recovery of gastrointestinal function and reduce hospitalization costs;moreover,ELD does not increase the risk of post-operative complications.

类沸石结构分子:极具潜力的二维介电材料

二维半导体材料的出现为新一代半导体器件的开发与摩尔定律的延续带来了前所未有的机遇.然而,缺乏合适的介电材料使二维半导体的实际应用严重受阻.在本文中,我们采用理论结合实验的研究方法,展示了类沸石结构分子(ZLMs)在用作二维介电材料方面极具潜力.具体而言,ZLMs具有与二氧化硅相当的带隙与介电常数,且ZLMs与二维半导体材料通过范德华力进行连接,形成了理想的接触界面.此外,ZLMs具有良好的环境稳定性.本文提出了一类全新的范德华介电材料,对二维半导体领域意义重大.

基于高光谱技术与机器学习的新疆红枣品种鉴别

为实现对红枣品种的判别,利用高光谱技术并结合机器学习算法对金丝大枣、骏枣和滩枣这三个品种的新疆红枣进行研究。首先,分别利用多元散射校正(MSC)、标准正态变量变换(SNV)、一阶导(1-Der)和Savitzky-Golay(SG)平滑等数据预处理方法对原始光谱进行预处理,研究了预处理方法对建模的影响;然后,利用光谱-理化值共生距离法(SPXY)将样本集划分为校正集和预测集,基于线性判别分析(LDA)、K-最近邻分类(KNN)和支持向量机(SVM)算法对预处理后的全波段光谱建立红枣品种鉴别模型,结果显示,在多种预处理方法中,1-Der的处理效果最好;然后,结合主成分分析(PCA)、连续投影算法(SPA)和竞争性自适应重加权采样(CARS)等特征提取方法对全波段光谱进行特征波段的提取,再基于特征波段建立红枣品种鉴别模型,结果发现,在几种特征提取方法中,基于CARS所提特征波段建立的模型可以获得最高的鉴别准确率;最后,以SVM模型为例对模型运行时间进行了比较,结果发现,基于特征波段所建模型的运行时间远短于基于全波段所建模型的运行时间。

Wafer-scale vertical van der Waals heterostructures

Wafer-scale van der Waals heterostructures(vdWHs),benefitting from the rich diversity in materials available and stacking geometry,precise controllability in devices structure and performance,and unprecedented potential in practical application,have attracted considerable attention in the field of twodimensional(2D)materials.This article reviews the state-of-the-art research activities that focus on wafer-scale vdWHs and their(opto)electronic applications.We begin with the preparation strategies of vdWHs with wafer size and illustrate them from four key aspects,that is,mechanical-assembly stack,successive deposition,synchronous evolution,and seeded growth.We discuss the fundamental principle,underlying mechanism,advantages,and disadvantages for each strategy.We will then review the applications of large-area vdWHs based devices in electronic,optoelectronic and flexible devices field,unveiling their promising potential for practical application.Ultimately,we will demonstrate the challenges they face and provide some viable solutions on waferscale heterostructure synthesis and device fabrication.

Understanding information interactions in diffusion： an evolutionary game-theoretic perspective

Social networks are fundamental media for dif- fusion of information and contagions appear at some node of the network and get propagated over the edges. Prior re- searches mainly focus on each contagion spreading indepen- dently, regardless of multiple contagions＇ interactions as they propagate at the same time. In the real world, simultaneous news and events usually have to compete for user＇s attention to get propagated. In some other cases, they can cooperate with each other and achieve more influences. In this paper, an evolutionary game theoretic framework is proposed to model the interactions among multiple con- tagions. The basic idea is that different contagions in social networks are similar to the multiple organisms in a popula- tion, and the diffusion process is as organisms interact and then evolve from one state to another. This framework statis- tically learns the payoffs as contagions interacting with each other and builds the payoff matrix. Since learning payoffs for all pairs of contagions IS almost impossible （quadratic in the number of contagions）, a contagion clustering method is proposed in order to decrease the number of parameters to fit, which makes our approach efficient and scalable. To ver- ify the proposed framework, we conduct experiments by us- ing real-world information spreading dataset of Digg. Exper- imental results show that the proposed game theoretic frame- work helps to comprehend the information diffusion process better and can predict users＇ forwarding behaviors with more accuracy than the previous studies. The analyses of evolution dynamics of contagions and evolutionarily stable strategy re- veal whether a contagion can be promoted or suppressed by others in the diffusion process.

Non-invasive delivery of levodopa-loaded nanoparticles to the brain via lymphatic vasculature to enhance treatment of Parkinson’s disease

Levodopa(L-DOPA),a precursor of dopamine,is commonly prescribed for the treatment of the Parkinson’s disease(PD).However,oral administration of levodopa results in a high level of homocysteine in the peripheral circulation,thereby elevating the risk of cardiovascular disease,and limiting its clinical application.Here,we report a non-invasive method to deliver levodopa to the brain by delivering L-DOPA-loaded sub-50 nm nanoparticles via brain-lymphatic vasculature.The hydrophilic L-DOPA was successfully encapsulated into nanoparticles of tannic acid(TA)/polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)via hydrogen bonding using the flash nanocomplexation(FNC)process,resulting in a high L-DOPA-loading capacity and uniform size in a scalable manner.Pharmacodynamics analysis in a PD rat model demonstrated that the levels of dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase,which indicate the dopaminergic neuron functions,were increased by 2-and 4-fold,respectively.Movement disorders and cerebral oxidative stress of the rats were significantly improved.This formulation exhibited a high degree of biocompatibility as evidenced by lack of induced inflammation or other pathological changes in major organs.This antioxidative and drug-delivery platform administered through the brain-lymphatic vasculature shows promise for clinical treatment of the PD.

Combinatorial synthesis of redox-responsive cationic polypeptoids for intracellular protein delivery application

Biologics play an essential role in treating various indications from cancers to the metabolic diseases,while the current development of new classes of intracellular-acting protein drugs is still hindered because of high molecular mass and overall hydrophilicity of proteins creating extremely poor permeability across cell membrane.Hence,there remains an unmet need to develop safe,potent approaches to augment intracellular protein delivery efficiency.Here,we described a facile multicomponent reaction system for generating a small library of redox-responsive cationic polypeptoids with high biocompatibility.The co-assembly of optimized polymer with protein leads to the formation of compacted nanocomplexes with smaller size and high encapsulation efficiency,thus improving cellular internalization via the macropinocytosis and/or caveolae-mediated endocytosis mainly.After endo-lysosomal escape,the nanocomplexes can be disassociated to efficiently release cargo proteins into the cytosol,owing to the intracellular glutathione(GSH)-triggered rapid cleavage of disulfide bonds in polymers backbone.As a result,we screened a promising platform reagent for efficient cytosolic protein delivery application.

Specific cross-dimerization of terminal alkynes via Pd/TMEDA catalysis

The cross-dimerization of terminal alkynes is the most straightforward and attractive approach to differently substituted 1,3-enynes,which are vital structural motifs in natural products,biologically active compounds,and organic functional materials,etc.However,due to the inherent issues of the stereo-,regio-,and chemoselectivity,the strategy is less explored and remains problematic in substrate scope,selectivity,and screening of catalytic system,etc.Herein,a specific cross-dimerization of terminal alkynes is developed under Pd/TMEDA catalysis,which produces a series of gem-1,3-enynes(58 examples)in totally moderate to high yields with outstanding functional group tolerance.A cyclopalladium compound might be the key imtermediate,which performs anti-addition-carbometallation,and leads to the exclusive cross-selectivity.The unprecedented features of the reaction,such as anti-addition-carbometallation,easy control of selectivity,wide range of the donor alkynes,and very simple catalytic conditions,allow it not only a facile and functionally diverse synthesis of 1,3-enynes,but also a substantial progress for the textbook reaction.

CuCl_(2)-doped graphene-based screen printing conductive inks

The preparation of graphene-based conductive inks and their application in the field of flexible electronics have been extensively studied.However,improving the conductivity of the printed patterns always induces the neglect of the rheological properties of the graphene-based conductive inks or the mechanical properties of the as-printed patterns.In this study,the p-type doping of graphene with CuCl_(2)as the dopant is realized through liquid phase reaction,and the doped graphene powders are used to prepare the graphenebased conductive inks with a conductivity of 3.13×10^(4)S m^(-1).Subsequently,to simplify the preparation of inks,CuCl_(2)is directly added into the graphene-based conductive inks,achieving the p-type doped graphene ink with the conductivity of 3.64×10^(4)S m^(-1).The read range of ultrahigh-frequency radio frequency identification antenna and the temperature of the flexible electrothermal film printed with the CuCl_(2)-doped graphene-based conductive inks can reach 7.15 m and 200℃,respectively when the equivalent isotropically radiated power is equal to 4 W and the input power density is 0.94 W cm^(-2).Moreover,good rheological properties of the conductive inks and high mechanical properties of the printed patterns are also obtained.