Mass Transfer-Promoted Fe^(2+)/Fe^(3+)Circulation Steered by 3D Flow-Through Co-Catalyst System Toward Sustainable Advanced Oxidation Processes

Realizing fast and continuous generation of reactive oxygen species(ROSs)via iron-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)is significant in the environmental and biological fields.However,current AOPs assisted by co-catalysts still suffer from the poor mass/electron transfer and non-durable promotion effect,giving rise to the sluggish Fe^(2+)/Fe^(3+)cycle and low dynamic concentration of Fe^(2+)for ROS production.Herein,we present a three-dimensional(3D)macroscale co-catalyst functionalized with molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))to achieve ultra-efficient Fe^(2+)regeneration(equilibrium Fe^(2+)ratio of 82.4%)and remarkable stability(more than 20 cycles)via a circulating flow-through process.Unlike the conventional batch-type reactor,experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations demonstrate that the optimal utilization of the 3D active area under the flow-through mode,initiated by the convectionenhanced mass/charge transfer for Fe^(2+)reduction and then strengthened by MoS_(2)-induced flow rotation for sufficient reactant mixing,is crucial for oxidant activation and subsequent ROS generation.Strikingly,the flow-through co-catalytic system with superwetting capabilities can even tackle the intricate oily wastewater stabilized by different surfactants without the loss of pollutant degradation efficiency.Our findings highlight an innovative co-catalyst system design to expand the applicability of AOPs based technology,especially in large-scale complex wastewater treatment.

抗污染羧化二氧化钛/海藻酸钙水凝胶过滤膜的制备及染料截留性能

以纳米羧化二氧化钛为增强剂,海藻酸钠为成膜基材,通过Ca^(2+)离子交联制备抗污染羧化二氧化钛/海藻酸钙(TiO_(2)-COOH/CaAlg)水凝胶过滤膜。通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对复合膜的化学结构与形貌进行表征,并研究复合膜的力学性能、染料截留性能及抗污染性能。结果表明,相比于二氧化钛,羧化二氧化钛在复合膜中分散更均匀,利用Ca^(2+)离子对羧化二氧化钛中-COOH与海藻酸钠中-COOH的协同交联作用,提高了水凝胶膜的力学性能。羧化二氧化钛含量为20%时,复合膜的断裂强度、断裂伸长率、拉伸模量和断裂能均最大,对染料直接黑38的截留率可达到96%,且受原料液pH值、无机盐NaCl和Na2SO4的影响较小,在0.1 MPa操作压力下过滤直接黑38/Na_(2)SO_(4)混合溶液12 h,复合膜对直接黑38的截留率保持在93%以上,渗透通量在15 L/(m^(2)·h)左右。

地方政府创新中政策企业家知识创造的一个分析模型——以K市公益基金招投标改革为例

政策企业家在推动政府创新中,有无知识创造活动?若有,过程是怎样的?这是政府创新研究中的基本问题之一。论文以知识生产理论为视角,以K市公益基金招投标改革为例,对这一问题进行了研究。主要发现是:政策企业家将其新想法转化为创新方案的认知活动中,运用了其专门知识,创新方案设计活动是新想法、组织外部知识与内部知识的结合;知识创造本质是命题性知识与能力之知间相互作用而转换;知识创造方式包括原理化、操作化、合法化、边界化等;生产过程最后产出了因果知识、工具知识、流程知识、目标知识、预测知识、协调知识等。基于创造方式,论文将政策企业家的知识创造模型命名为ROLD。这一研究的意义在于:尝试从知识创造视角去揭示政府创新微观活动的“黑箱”。

The historical and current research progress on jujube–a superfruit for the future

Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.),or Chinese date,is the most important species of Rhamnaceae,a large cosmopolitan family,and is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in the world.It originates from the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,the‘mother river’of the Chinese people.It is distributed in at least 48 countries on all continents except Antarctica and is becoming increasingly important,especially in arid and semiarid marginal lands.Based on a systematic analysis of the unique characteristics of jujube,we suggest that it deserves to be recognized as a superfruit.We summarized historical research achievements from the past 3000 years and reviewed recent research advances since 1949 in seven fields,including genome sequencing and application,germplasm resources and systematic taxonomy,breeding and genetics,cultivation theory and techniques,pest control,postharvest physiology and techniques,and nutrition and processing.Based on the challenges facing the jujube industry,we discuss eight research aspects to be focused on in the future.

Variations and controlling factors of vegetation dynamics on the Qingzang Plateau of China over the recent 20 years

The impacts of climate change and human activities on vegetation dynamics have attracted wide attention,espe-cially in sensitive and vulnerable areas such as the Qingzang Plateau of China.In this region,a series of ecological restoration projects have been launched while the effectiveness of these projects requires evaluation and further improvements.Remote sensing with high temporal resolution and spatial coverage is an effective way for the vegetation dynamics research in this region.In this study,the spatial and temporal distribution of climate factors and vegetation coverage as well as the influencing factors such as air temperature,precipitation,land use,slope,slope direction,soil and altitude were analyzed.The geographical detector was used to analyze the influence of climate factors on vegetation coverage and the interaction among factors in different eco-geographical regions.The results showed that:1)the average values from the 20 years of normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)decreased gradually from southeast(>0.61)to northwest(0.12).The overall average of NDVI increased 0.02 per year from 1998 to 2018 and the impact factors varied among different eco-geographical regions;2)some con-trolling factors showed nonlinear enhancement such as altitude and slope;3)land use was an important factor affecting the distribution of vegetation especially in humid,semi-arid and arid areas,but the impacts of elevation and temperature were stronger than land use types in semi-humid and humid areas.The design and construc-tion of ecological protection and restoration projects on the Qingzang Plateau required scientific and detailed demonstration as well as monitoring and evaluation.In addition,new tools and theories were also needed in the selection of ecosystem restoration strategies.Based on the findings,this study also provides suggestions for the sustainable ecological restoration on the Qingzang Plateau.

Neuroprotective effect of the traditional Chinese herbal formula Tongxinluo: a PET imaging study in rats

Tongxinluo has been widely used in China for the treatment of acute stroke and for neuroprotection. However, there are few positron emission tomography （PET） studies on the neuroprotective effect of Tongxinluo on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in small animals. In the present study, Tongxinluo superfine powder suspension or its vehicle was administered intragastrically to rats for 5 successive days before middle cerebral artery occlusion, ^18Ffluorodeoxyglucose （FDG） small animal PET imaging showed that at 1 and 2 weeks after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, glucose metabolism in the ischemic area was greater in rats that had received Tongxinluo than in those that had received the vehicle. Nissl staining showed that 2 weeks after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, there was less neuronal loss in the prefrontal cortex in Tongxinluo-treated rats than in controls. In addition, Tongxinluo-treated animals showed better neurologic function and lower cerebral infarct volume than rats that received the vehicle. These findings suggest that Tongxinluo exhibits neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and demonstrates that ^18F-FDG small animal PET imaging is a useful tool with which to study the molecular pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine.

Laparoscopic treatment for suspected gallbladder cancer confined to the wall： a 10-year study from a single institution

Objective： Although laparoscopic treatment of gallbladder cancer（GBC） has been explored in the last decade,long-term results are still rare. This study evaluates long-term results of intended laparoscopic treatment for suspected GBC confined to the gallbladder wall, based on our experience over 10 years.Methods： Between August 2006 and December 2015, 164 patients with suspected GBC confined to the wall were enrolled in the protocol for laparoscopic surgery. The process for GBC treatment was analyzed to evaluate the feasibility of computed tomography（CT） and/or magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） combined with frozen-section examination in identifying GBC confined to the wall. Of 159 patients who underwent the intended laparoscopic radical treatment, 47 with pathologically proven GBC were investigated to determine the safety and oncologic outcomes of a laparoscopic approach to GBC.Results： Among the 164 patients, 5 patients avoided further radical surgery because of unresectable disease and12 were converted to open surgery; in the remaining 147 patients, totally laparoscopic treatment was successfully accomplished. Extended cholecystectomy was performed in 37 patients and simple cholecystectomy in 10. The T stages based on final pathology were Tis（n=6）, T1 a（n=2）, T1 b（n=9）, T2（n=26）, and T3（n=4）. Recurrence was detected in 11 patients over a median follow-up of 51 months. The disease-specific 5-year survival rate of these 47 patients was 68.8%, and rose to 85% for patients with a normal cancer antigen 19-9（CA19-9） level.Conclusions： The favorable long-term outcomes demonstrate the feasibility of combined CT/MRI and frozensection examination in the selection of patients with GBC confined to the gallbladder wall, confirm the oncologic safety of laparoscopic treatment in selected GBC patients, and favor measurement of preoperative CA19-9 in the selection of GBCs suitable for laparoscopic treatment.

Numerical Study on Helical Fiber Fragmentation in Chiral Biological Materials

Chiral microstructures exist widely in natural biological materials such as wood, bone, and climbing tendrils. The helical shape of such microstructures plays an important role in stress transfer between fiber and matrix,and in the mechanical properties of biological materials. In this paper, helical fiber fragmentation behavior is studied numerically using the finite-element method(FEM), and then, the effects of helical shape on fiber deformation and fracture,and the corresponding mechanical mechanisms are investigated. The results demonstrate that, to a large degree, the initial microfibril angle(MFA) determines the elastic deformation and fracture behavior of fibers. For fibers with a large MFA, the interfacial area usually has large values, inducing a relatively low fragment density during fiber fragmentation. This work may be helpful in understanding the relationship between microstructure and mechanical property in biological materials, and in the design and fabrication of bio-inspired advanced functional materials.

Melittin inhibited glycolysis and induced cell apoptosis in cisplatinresistant lung adenocarcinoma cells via TRIM8

Chemotherapy is widely used for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients at a late stage;however,NSCLC patients often acquire resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs,thus limiting the therapy efficacy.Melittin,a major component of bee venom,possesses anti-tumor activity in various cancer cells.Here,we examined the effects of melittin on A549/DDP cisplatin-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells and xenografts formed from this cell line and investigated the possible target of melittin.Treatment with melittin resulted in the induction of cell apoptosis,glycolysis inhibition,and reduction of phosphorylated AKT(p-AKT)in A549/DDP cells.We also identified that tripartite motif-containing 8(TRIM8)was a potential target of melittin.Moreover,we found that TRIM8 mRNA expression was elevated in NSCLC specimens as compared to adjacent normal tissues(N=25)and that patients with high expression of TRIM8 had a poor prognosis for lung adenocarcinoma.The knockdown of TRIM8 had a similar effect of melittin,while overexpression of TRIM8 reversed the effects of melittin in A549/DDP cells.More importantly,we revealed that melittin enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in A549/DDP cells and tumor growth in vivo using a xenograft model of A549/DDP cells.In conclusion,melittin appears to be a potential chemotherapy sensitization agent in NSCLC.

Morphological and phylogenetical analysis reveals that a new tapeworm species (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) from whooper swan belongs to Cloacotaenia not Hymenolepis

During a helminthological study of waterfowl in China,a new species(Cloacotaenia cygnimorbus sp.nov.)of hymenolepidid cestodes(tapeworm)was found in the small intestine of whooper swan(Cygnus cygnus,Linnaeus,1758).The rudimentary rostellum and four unarmed muscular suckers,proglottids with distinct craspedote and three spherical testes were coincident with the characters of Cloacotaenia or Hymenolepis,but phylogenetic analysis of 28S rRNA and cox1 gene revealed that the new species is Cloacotaenia rather than Hymenolepis.Its morphology was also clearly diff erentiated from C.megalops in the arrangement of its testes in a triangle instead of in line and the cirrus unarmed rather than spined.Compared with C.megalops,the new species has more elongated neck,much larger mature proglottids and much smaller testes,cirrus sac,ovary,vitellarium and uterine proglottid.In addition,it infected the host intestine not the cloacae.Phylogenetic analysis of cox1 gene of the new species shows that it had a level of sequence variation(10.52–23.06%)with the sequences of C.megalops.The considerable morphological and molecular diff erences between those two parasites support C.cygnimorbus sp.nov.as a new species.

Unilateral pleural effusion secondary to Takayasu arteritis: a case report and literature review

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic, nonspecific inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized vessels that primarily involves the aorta and its branches. TA involving the pulmonary arteries has a prevalence ranging from 14% to 86%, which can lead to pulmonary hypertension, a progressive increase in pulmonary artery pressure, and eventually death from right heart failure. The presentation of pulmonary arteritis (PA) is very nonspecific, with a reported misdiagnosis rate of up to 60% and a diagnosis time ranging from 1 month to more than 10 years. The clinical manifestation of pleural effusion is very rare in both TA and PA cases. Based on our literature review, this is the 6th reported case of TA with pleural effusion, and the specific mechanism of TA with pleural effusion is still unclear. The characteristics of this case and the previously reported cases are summarized in this article to improve the understanding of TA and PA and reduce the misdiagnosis rate.

Correction to:Morphological and phylogenetical analysis reveals that a new tapeworm species(Cestoda:Hymenolepididae)from whooper swan belongs to Cloacotaenia not Hymenolepis

Correction to:J.For.Res.(2020)31(6):2581-2587 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-01036-2 After publication of this article,it was brought to our atten-tion that the legend to Figure 1 did not state that Figure 1d was adapted from Figure 1d of Makarikov and Tkach(2013).In addition,Makarikov and Tkach(2013)should have been cited in the methods section.

Precise Asymptotic Distribution of the Number of Isolated Nodes in Wireless Networks with Lognormal Shadowing

In this paper, we study the connectivity of multihop wireless networks under the log-normal shadowing model by investigating the precise distribution of the number of isolated nodes. Under such a realistic shadowing model, all previous known works on the distribution of the number of isolated nodes were obtained only based on simulation studies or by ignoring the important boundary effect to avoid the challenging technical analysis, and thus cannot be applied to any practical wireless networks. It is extremely challenging to take the complicated boundary effect into consideration under such a realistic model because the transmission area of each node is an irregular region other than a circular area. Assume that the wireless nodes are represented by a Poisson point process with densitynover a unit-area disk, and that the transmission power is properly chosen so that the expected node degree of the network equals lnn + ξ (n), where ξ (n) approaches to a constant ξ as n →?∞. Under such a shadowing model with the boundary effect taken into consideration, we proved that the total number of isolated nodes is asymptotically Poisson with mean e$ {-ξ}. The Brun’s sieve is utilized to derive the precise asymptotic distribution. Our results can be used as design guidelines for any practical multihop wireless network where both the shadowing and boundary effects must be taken into consideration.

Anti-attachment Function and Biomimetic Application of Slippery Zone in Nepenthes Pitcher

Carnivorous plants of Nepenthes species have evolved particular organs named pitchers at the tips of their conspicuous leaves, allowing slippery trapping and effective digesting prey to acquire sufficient growing nutrients. Nepenthes pitchers are generally distinguished by several morphological regions exhibiting distinct functions in prey capturing, and combined effect of the several zones results in great trapping efficiency. Depending on specific micro-structures, slippery zone performs an important role in efficiently preying arthropods, and this prey ability inspires an idea for biomimetic development of slippery trapping plate used in controlling agricultural pests. In this paper, combined with our latest results, the authors introduced the recent studies of the slippery zone, including surface structures and anti-attachment functions. They also highlighted the biomimetic application of slippery zone in developing slippery trapping plate for controlling agricultural pest.

No-till is challenged:Complementary management is crucial to improve its environmental benefits under a changing climate

Tillage is the most common agricultural practice dating back to the origin of agriculture.In recent decades,no-tillage(NT)has been introduced to improve soil and water quality.However,changes in soil properties resulting from long-term NT can increase losses of dissolved phosphorus,nitrate and some classes of pesticides,and NT effect on nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emission remains controversial.Complementary management that enhances the overall environmental benefits of NT is therefore crucial.By incorporating cover crops,nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency in NT fields could be improved given the nutrient supplying capacity of some cover crops.Cover crops could also offset the need for occasional tillage of NT cropland,an operation whose effect is only temporary in reducing,for example,soil compaction associated with NT management.When used in combination with NT,cover crop termination methods,using agrochemicals,should be carefully considered to prevent further jeopardy to water quality.Compared to herbicides,the use of roller crimping could potentially result in production cost saving while minimizing soil disturbance and export of agrochemicals.Future research should focus on various combinations of cover crop traits(e.g.,decomposition rate)and management(e.g.,timing of cover crop termination)that account for site-and cash crop-specific requirements.

Stereo Video Transmission Using LDPC Code

Stereo video is widely used because it can provide depth information. However, it is difficult to store and transmit stereo video due to the huge data amount. So, high efficient channel encoding algorithm and proper transmission strategy is needed to deal with the video transmission over limited bandwidth channel. In this paper, unequal error protection (UEP) based on low density parity check (LDPC) code was used to transmit stereo video over wireless channel with limited bandwidth. Different correction level LDPC code was used according to the importance of video stream to reconstruction at the receiver. Simulation result shows that the proposed transmission scheme increases the PSNR of reconstructed image, and improves the subjective effect.

Detection of Tumor Suppressor Gene and Oncogene in SO-Rb_(50) Human Retinoblastoma Cell Line

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common malignant'cancer of eye.So-Rb_(50) is the first Rb cell line established in China in 1988.It has passed to the 387th passage now.We collected cells of the 327th passage of SO-Rb_(50),purified its genomic DNA and detected it with Rb and c-myc cDNA probes respectively(normal human white blood cells DNA was the control).We found the Rb gene was deleted while c-myc gene was amplified three times.This provides a basis for further study of the regulation of tumor development and tumor reversal with this cell line in vitro.Eye Science 1993;9:34-37.

Demand Model for Investment-oriented Life Insurance under uncertain lifetime

In this paper, we set up continuous time model with Poisson Process to analyze demand of investment-oriented life insurance. Individual life time is assumed random, and he is received fixed income, investment-oriented life insurance is an important financial asset under this model. Dynamic programming is applied to analyze this problem. The optimal explicit solutions are obtained in the case of CRRA utilities, and draw its demand curve with numerical simulation.

Biomarkers in aortic dissection:Diagnostic and prognostic value from clinical research

Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition for which diagnosis mainly relies on imaging examinations,while reliable biomarkers to detect or monitor are still under investigation.Recent advances in technologies provide an unprecedented opportunity to yield the identification of clinically valuable biomarkers,including proteins,ribonucleic acids(RNAs),and deoxyribonucleic acids(DNAs),for early detection of pathological changes in susceptible patients,rapid diagnosis at the bedside after onset,and a superior therapeutic regimen primarily within the concept of personalized and tailored endovascular therapy for aortic dissection.

Effects of COL1A1 and SYTL2 on inflammatory cell infiltration and poor extracellular matrix remodeling of the vascular wall in thoracic aortic aneurysm

Background:Thoracic aortic aneurysm(TAA)is a fatal cardiovascular disease,the pathogenesis of which has not yet been clarified.This study aimed to identify and validate the diagnostic markers of TAA to provide a strong theoretical basis for developing new methods to prevent and treat this disease.Methods:Gene expression profiles of the GSE9106,GSE26155,and GSE155468 datasets were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified using the"limma"package in R.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),support vector machine-recursive feature elimination(SVM-RFE),random forest,and binary logistic regression analyses were used to screen the diagnostic marker genes.Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis(ssGSEA)was used to estimate immune cell infiltration in TAA.Results:A total of 16 DEGs were identified.The enrichment and functional correlation analyses showed that DEGs were mainly associated with inflammatory response pathways and collagen-related diseases.Collagen type I alpha 1 chain(COL1A1)and synaptotagmin like 2(SYTL2)were identified as diagnostic marker genes with a high diagnostic value for TAA.The expression of COL1A1 and SYTL2 was considerably higher in TAA vascular wall tissues than in the corresponding normal tissues,and there were significant differences in the infiltration of immune cells between TAA and normal vascular wall tissues.Additionally,COL1A1 and SYTL2 expression were associated with the infiltration of immune cells in the vascular wall tissue.Single-cell analysis showed that COL1A1 in TAA was mainly derived from fibroblasts and SYTL2 mainly from cluster of differentiation(CD)8+T cells.In addition,single-cell analysis indicated that fibroblasts and CD8+T cells in TAA were significantly higher than those in normal arterial wall tissue.Conclusions:COL1A1 and SYTL2 may serve as diagnostic marker genes for TAA.The upregulation of SYTL2 and COL1A1 may be involved in the inflammatory infiltration of the vessel wall and poor extracellular matrix remodeling,promoting the progression of TAA.