Single-cell volumetric imaging with light field microscopy: Advances in systems and algorithms

Single-cell volumetric imaging is essential for researching individual characteristics of cells.As a nonscanning imaging technique,lighteld microscopy(LFM)is a critical tool to achieve realtime three-dimensional imaging with the advantage of single-shot.To address the inherent limits including nonuniform resolution and block-wise artifacts,various modied LFM strategies have been developed to provide new insights into the structural and functional information of cells.This review will introduce the principle and development of LFM,discuss the improved approaches based on hardware designs and 3D reconstruction algorithms,and present the applications in single-cell imaging.

Inhibiting the formation of neutrophil extracellular trapping: a potential mechanism of Chinese medicine in the treatment of ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke(IS)is the main killer that endangers the health and life of middle-aged and elderly people worldwide.Inflammatory response plays a key regulatory role in the pathogenesis of IS.After cerebral ischemia,leukocytes rapidly accumulate,penetrate blood vessels and infiltrate brain tissue,thereby activating pro-inflammatory factors in the infarct area to exacerbate nerve damage.Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)are fibrous mesh structures released by activated neutrophils outside the cell,which can clear pathogens and cell debris,induce inflammatory responses and exacerbate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(CI/R)injury.Various traditional Chinese medicines and their main components can improve neurological function defects after IS,and inhibit the formation of NETs,which opens up a new direction for the study of traditional Chinese medicines in the prevention and treatment of IS.

Design,preparation,application of advanced array structured materials and their action mechanism analyses for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB)has brought much attention and concern because of high theoretical specific capacity and energy density as one of main competitors for next-generation energy storage systems.The widely commercial application and development of LSB is mainly hindered by serious“shuttle effect”of lithium polysulfides(Li PSs),slow reaction kinetics,notorious lithium dendrites,etc.In various structures of LSB materials,array structured materials,possessing the composition of ordered micro units with the same or similar characteristics of each unit,present excellent application potential for various secondary cells due to some merits such as immobilization of active substances,high specific surface area,appropriate pore sizes,easy modification of functional material surface,accommodated huge volume change,enough facilitated transportation for electrons/lithium ions,and special functional groups strongly adsorbing Li PSs.Thus many novel array structured materials are applied to battery for tackling thorny problems mentioned above.In this review,recent progresses and developments on array structured materials applied in LSBs including preparation ways,collaborative structural designs based on array structures,and action mechanism analyses in improving electrochemical performance and safety are summarized.Meanwhile,we also have detailed discussion for array structured materials in LSBs and constructed the structure-function relationships between array structured materials and battery performances.Lastly,some directions and prospects about preparation ways,functional modifications,and practical applications of array structured materials in LSBs are generalized.We hope the review can attract more researchers'attention and bring more studying on array structured materials for other secondary batteries including LSB.

A new review of single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes in the light of ion transport mechanisms

With the depletion of fossil fuels and the demand for high-performance energy storage devices,solidstate lithium metal batteries have received widespread attention due to their high energy density and safety advantages.Among them,the earliest developed organic solid-state polymer electrolyte has a promising future due to its advantages such as good mechanical flexibility,but its poor ion transport performance dramatically limits its performance improvement.Therefore,single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes(SICPEs)with high lithium-ion transport number,capable of improving the concentration polarization and inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites,have been proposed,which provide a new direction for the further development of high-performance organic polymer electrolytes.In view of this,lithium ions transport mechanisms and design principles in SICPEs are summarized and discussed in this paper.The modification principles currently used can be categorized into the following three types:enhancement of lithium salt anion-polymer interactions,weakening of lithium salt anion-cation interactions,and modulation of lithium ion-polymer interactions.In addition,the advances in single-ion conductors of conventional and novel polymer electrolytes are summarized,and several typical highperformance single-ion conductors are enumerated and analyzed in what way they improve ionic conductivity,lithium ions mobility,and the ability to inhibit lithium dendrites.Finally,the advantages and design methodology of SICPEs are summarized again and the future directions are outlined.

Changes in visual performance after implantation of different intraocular lenses

AIM:To evaluate the trending visual performance of different intraocular lenses(IOLs)over time after implantation.METHODS:Ninety-one patients received cataract surgery with implantations of monofocal(Mon)IOLs,segmental refractive(SegRef)IOLs,diffractive(Dif)IOLs,and extendeddepth-of-focus(EDoF)IOLs were included.The aberrations and optical quality collected with iTrace and OQAS within postoperative 6mo were followed and compared.RESULTS:Most of the visual parameters improved over the postoperative 6mo.The postoperative visual acuity(POVA)of the Mon IOL,SegRef IOL,and EDoF IOL groups achieved relative stability in earlier states compared with the Dif IOL group.Nevertheless,the overall visual performance of the 3 IOLs continued to upturn in small extents within the postoperative 6mo.The optical quality initially improved in the EDoF IOL group,then in the Mon IOL,SegRef IOL,and Dif IOL groups.POVA and objective visual performance of the Mon IOL and EDoF IOL groups,as well as POVA and visual quality of the Dif IOL group,improved in the postoperative 1mo and stabilized.Within the postoperative 6mo,gradual improvements were observed in the visual acuity and objective visual performance of the SegRef IOL group,as well as in the postoperative optical quality of the Dif IOL group.CONCLUSION:The visual performance is different among eyes implanted with different IOLs.The findings of the current study provide a potential reference for ophthalmologists to choose suitable IOLs for cataract patients in a personalized solution.

Optimized CeO_(2) Nanowires with Rich Surface Oxygen Vacancies Enable Fast Li-Ion Conduction in Composite Polymer Electrolytes

Low-cost and flexible solid polymer electrolytes are promising in all-solid-state Li-metal batteries with high energy density and safety.However,both the low room-temperature ionic conductivities and the small Li^(+)transference number of these electrolytes significantly increase the internal resistance and overpotential of the battery.Here,we introduce Gd-doped CeO_(2) nanowires with large surface area and rich surface oxygen vacancies to the polymer electrolyte to increase the interaction between Gd-doped CeO_(2) nanowires and polymer electrolytes,which promotes the Li-salt dissociation and increases the concentration of mobile Li ions in the composite polymer electrolytes.The optimized composite polymer electrolyte has a high Li-ion conductivity of 5×10^(-4)4 S cm^(-1) at 30℃ and a large Li+transference number of 0.47.Moreover,the composite polymer electrolytes have excellent compatibility with the metallic lithium anode and high-voltage LiNi_(0.8)Mn _(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_(2)(NMC)cathode,providing the stable cycling of all-solid-state batteries at high current densities.

老年弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的治疗进展

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)多见于老年人,但老年患者通常治疗效果不佳,化疗不良反应较多,且个体差异较大,目前尚无最佳治疗方案,总体预后较差。R-CHOP方案(利妥昔单抗+环磷酰胺+长春新碱+多柔比星+泼尼松)为DLBCL的一线标准治疗方案,但部分老年患者难以耐受。针对老年患者,已探索出多种治疗方案,包括标准方案减量使用,标准方案联合某些新型药物,以及使用新的药物组合等,均取得了不同程度的成功。面对更多的治疗选择,根据患者年龄、一般体能状态、合并症和疾病病理特征等情况进行个体化治疗,早期选择合适的治疗方案,旨在提高患者疾病缓解率并减少复发,从而改善患者的预后。

基于药物化学课程内容的新药研发前沿案例构建——循环系统药物章节案例教学举例

药物化学是药学本科专业基础课程,也是创新药物研究的重要基石。如何提高药物化学教学内容的时效性、创新性和高阶性,以满足新时代药学创新人才培养的需求,是值得深入思考与探索的问题。本文以循环系统药物章节教学内容为基础,构建了学科前沿、学科交叉和课程思政三个方面的课程案例,期望能为药物化学相关专业教学提供新素材和新思考。

The characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid tumor microenvironment in a patient with leptomeningeal metastases from cancer of unknown primary

Cancer of unknown primary(CUP)is a rare disease characterized by metastases in which the primary tumor is of unknown origin.The cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)tumor microenvironment of CUP is still unknown.A Chinese male was diagnosed with leptomeningeal metastases from CUP(CUP-LM)based on the following medical examination results:partial leptomeningeal enhancement by brain magnetic resonance imaging,few malignant cells of diverse morphology in CSF,and no abnormalities or lymphadenopathy by systemic examination.

3D spiny AlF_(3)/Mullite heterostructure nanofiber as solid-state polymer electrolyte fillers with enhanced ionic conductivity and improved interfacial compatibility

Lithium metal batteries assembled with solid-state electrolyte can offer high safety and volumetric energy density compared to liquid electrolyte.The polymer solid-state electrolytes of poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)are widely used in lithium metal solid-state batteries due to their unique properties.However,there are still some defects such as low ionic conductivity at room temperature and weak inhibition of lithium dendrite growth.Herein,the spiny inorganic nanofibers heterostructure with mullite whiskers grown on the surface of aluminum fluoride(AlF_(3))nanofibers are introduced into the PEOLi TFSI electrolytes for the first time to prepare composite solid-state electrolytes.The AlF_(3)as a strong Lewis acid can adsorb anions and promote the dissociation of Li salts.Besides,the specially threedimensional(3D)structure enlarges the effective contacting interface with the PEO polymer,which allows the lithium ions to be transported not only along the large aspect ratio of AlF3nanofibers,but also along the mullite phase in the transmembrane direction rapidly.Thereby,the transport channel of lithium ions at the spiny inorganic nanofibers-polymer interface is further improved.Benefiting from these advantages,the obtained composite solid-state electrolyte has a high ionic conductivity of 1.58×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)at 30℃and the lithium ions transfer number of 0.53.In addition,the AlF3has strong binding energy with anions,low electronic conductivity and wide electrochemical stability window,and reduced nucleation overpotential of lithium during cycling,which is positive for lithium dendrite suppression in solid-state electrolytes.Thus,the assembled symmetric Li/Li symmetric batteries exhibit stable cycling performance at different area capacities of 0.15,0.2,0.3 and 0.4 m A h cm^(-2).More importantly,the LiFePO_(4)(LFP)/Li battery still has 113.5 m A h g-1remaining after 400 cycles at 50℃and the Coulomb efficiency is nearly 100%during the long cycle.Overall,the interconnected structure of 3D spiny inorganic heterostructure nanofiber constitutes fast and uninterrupted lithium ions transport channels,maximizing the synergistic effect of interfacial transport of inorganic fillers and reducing PEO crystallinity,thus providing a novel approach to high performance solid-state electrolytes.

Transseptal approach for catheter ablation of left-sided accessory pathways in children with Marfan syndrome:A case report

BACKGROUND Left-sided accessory pathways(APs)can be accessed with either a transaortic(TA)or transseptal approach(TS).For children with Marfan syndrome(MFS)who have aortic disease,the use of TA can aggravate the disease,making TS the best choice for these patients.CASE SUMMARY A 10-year-old girl was hospitalized because of intermittent heart palpitations and chest tightness.She was diagnosed with MFS,supraventricular tachycardia,Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome,and left-sided AP was detected by cardiac electrophysiological.Catheter ablation was successfully performed via TS under the guidance of the Ensite system.During the follow-up,no recurrence or complications occurred.CONCLUSION The TS for catheter ablation of left-sided APs can be considered in children with MFS.Adequate evaluation and selection of the appropriate puncture site are particularly important.

自动化电动车自行车停车装置的设计

目前,对电动车、自行车、摩托车停放的缺乏管理和布局设计.我们设计的新型自动化小型车立体停车装置,采用单片机和步进电机驱动,自动化控制实现车辆的存取和管理.智能化的车辆管理可以有效解决不规整的停放,减少占地面积,空间利用率大的优势,适合布置于小区这种寸土寸金的地方,实际地面使用面积不足3m^2,却能实现至少24辆小型车的存放.

岩石孔隙内地下水流动的微观数值模拟研究

地下水流动的动力学行为对于污染物在地层中的迁移具有重要影响。通过对地下水在岩石孔隙中微观流动行为的研究,探索不同出人口位置及注人速度对地下水流动行为的影响。结果表明:岩石孔隙内地下水流动呈现出非均匀性及复杂性,孔隙的结构特征决定了局部流体的流动特征,盲端附近的孔隙通道流速较小,纵向分布的孔隙通道内流动行为受横向孔隙通道内流速的影响较大;人口流速的增大未对流体流动方向产生较大影响,但会引起岩石孔隙内地下水流动速度增加;出人口位置的变化会对岩石孔隙内地下水流动方向及速度大小产生较大影响。本研究从微观尺度人手,探究了入口速度和出人口位置对地下水在岩石孔隙通道内的流动行为,定量刻画了岩石孔隙中流体流动的时空分布特征。

探讨小儿脑积水患者脑室腹腔分流术中可调控性与固定压力分流管的疗效

目的探讨小儿脑积水患者脑室腹腔分流术中可调控性与固定压力分流管的疗效。方法选取2014年2月-2015年2月来我院治疗脑积水的120例小儿患者为研究对象,将之随机分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。观察组患者采用基于可调控性分流管的脑室腹腔分流术;对照组患者采用基于固定压力分流管的脑室腹腔分流术,对比两组患者的治疗效果。结果观察组患者的术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、手术成功率、并发症发生率[(82.8±18.4)m L、(78.1±15.2)min、(13.5±1.2)d、96.7%、3.3%]明显优于对照组患者[(89.3±24.7)m L、(81.7±19.6)min、(17.9±1.9)d、90.0%、21.7%],两组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在治疗小儿脑积水患者时,基于可调控性分流管的脑室腹腔分流术的治疗效果优于基于固定压力分流管的脑室腹腔分流术,因而值得在临床方面大力推广。

ZrO_2对无碱铝硼硅酸盐玻璃结构与性能的影响

以SiO_2-Al_2O_3-B_2O_3-RO(R=Mg、Ca、Sr)系统为基础玻璃组成,采用传统的高温熔融法制备了无碱铝硼硅酸盐玻璃。主要研究了ZrO_2含量对玻璃结构、密度、热膨胀系数、低温黏度特征点、硬度以及光透过率的影响。结果表明:随着ZrO_2含量从0mol%增加到5mol%,玻璃结构中的部分[BO_4]向[BO_3]转化,且非桥氧键增加;玻璃密度从2.39 g/cm^3呈线性增大到2.52 g/cm^3;热膨胀系数先减小后增大,在3mol%时达到极小值,但变化幅度不大,在28.0~31.5×10-7/℃之间;低温黏度特征点呈升高的趋势,其中应变点由666℃提高到689℃;硬度先升高后降低,在4mol%时达到极大值为718 kgf/mm^2;在波长λ=550 nm处的光透过率均在87.0%以上。

黄土地基不良地质界面瞬态地质雷达波形FDTD正演分析

黄土地层容易受到侵蚀形成缺陷,基于地质雷达方法,可有效探测出黄土地层中不良地质体的形态及分布。本文以解析方法研究并推导了地质雷达波在黄土界面的反射波幅、折射波幅及电磁场强度;通过时域有限差分方法对几种特殊地电模型进行数值模拟,研究地质雷达波在不良地质体界面的入射波、反射波的波幅及其分布形态。结果表明:黄土地层中不良地质体的相对介电常数直接影响地质雷达反射波幅,当地层中含水量增加时,地质雷达反射波幅增大、折射波幅减小;特殊地层中,地质雷达波在黄土-空气界面的反射强度为0,透射强度为1,在黄土-金属界面的反射强度为1,透射强度为0。

混凝土内裂隙空间位置及填充物FDTD正演分析

地质雷达(GPR)常用于混凝土内部裂隙的检测。本文利用GprMax 2D和Matlab软件对混凝土内部裂隙进行时域有限元差分(FDTD)法正演模拟,分别针对不同类型、不同尺寸和内部不同填充物的裂隙进行模拟,分析对比图像变化特征。结果表明:不同类型的混凝土内部裂隙对电磁波的传播影响不同,从而造成对图像的影响范围不同;裂隙内部不同的填充物对电磁波的传播影响较大,其中水对电磁波有较强的吸收作用,使得电磁波反射增强,造成多次波的影响较深,图像特征较为复杂。通过正演模拟可以为地质雷达实际探测结果的判读提供一定科学依据和指导。

Neurotoxic role of interleukin-17 in neural stem cell differentiation after intracerebral hemorrhage

Interleukin 17(IL-17)and its main producer,T cell receptorγδcells,have neurotoxic effects in the pathogenesis of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH),aggravating brain injuries.To investigate the correlation between IL-17 and ICH,we dynamically screened serum IL-17 concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and explored the clinical values of IL-17 in ICH patients.There was a significant negative correlation between serum IL-17 level and neurological recovery status in ICH patients(r=–0.498,P<0.01).To study the neurotoxic role of IL-17,C57 BL/6 mice were used to establish an ICH model by injecting autologous blood into the caudate nucleus.Subsequently,the mice were treated with mouse neural stem cells(NSCs)and/or IL-17 neutralizing antibody for 72 hours.Flow cytometry,brain water content detection,Nissl staining,and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling results indicated that NSC transplantation significantly reduced IL-17 expression in peri-hematoma tissue,but there was no difference in T cell receptorγδcells.Compared with the ICH group,there were fewer apoptotic bodies and more Nissl bodies in the ICH+NSC group and the ICH+NSC+IL-17 group.To investigate the potential effect of IL-17 on directional differentiation of NSCs,we cultured mouse NSCs(NE-4 C)alone or co-cultured them with T cell receptorγδcells,which were isolated from mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells,for 7 days.The results of western blot assays revealed that IL-17 secreted by T cell receptorγδcells reduced the differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes and neurons,while IL-17 neutralization relieved the inhibition of directional differentiation into astrocytes rather than neurons.In conclusion,serum IL-17 levels were elevated in the early stage of ICH and were negatively correlated with outcome in ICH patients.Animal experiments and cytological investigations therefore demonstrated that IL-17 probably has neurotoxic roles in ICH because of its inhibitory effects on the directional differentiation of NSCs.The application of IL-17 neutralizing antibody may promote the directional differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes.This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Anhui Medical University of China(For human study:Approval No.20170135)in December 2016.All animal handling and experimentation were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Anhui Medical University(approval No.20180248)in December 2017.

High-performance all-solid-state polymer electrolyte with fast conductivity pathway formed by hierarchical structure polyamide 6 nanofiber for lithium metal battery

The utilization of all-solid-state electrolytes is considered to be an effective way to enhance the safety performance of lithium metal batteries.However,the low ionic conductivity and poor interface compatibility greatly restrict the development of all-solid-state battery.In this study,a composite electrolyte combining the electrospun polyamide 6(PA6)nanofiber membrane with hierarchical structure and the polyethylene oxide(PEO)polymer is investigated.The introduction of PA6 nanofiber membrane can effectively reduce the crystallinity of the polymer,so that the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte can be enhanced.Moreover,it is found that the presence of finely branched fibers in the hierarchical structure PA6 membrane allows the polar functional groups(C=O and N-H bonds)to be fully exposed,which provides sufficient functional sites for lithium ion transport and helps to regulate the uniform deposition of lithium metal.Moreover,the hierarchical structure can enhance the mechanical strength(9.2 MPa)of the electrolyte,thereby effectively improving the safety and cycle stability of the battery.The prepared Li/Li symmetric battery can be stably cycled for 1500 h under 0.3 mA cm^(-2) and 60℃.This study demonstrates that the prepared electrolyte has excellent application prospects in the next generation all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.

Mg-based inorganic nanofibers constructing fast and multi-dimensional ion conductive pathways for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries

Solid-state electrolytes(SSEs),which replace flammable and toxic liquid electrolytes,have attracted widely attention.However,there exist still some challenges in actual application such as poor interfacial compatibility and slow ionic migration.In this study,Mg O nanofibers and MgF;nanofibers were prepared via the electro-blow spinning and high-temperature calcination methods,and were applied to all-solid-state lithium metal batteries for the first time.The organic-inorganic composite SSEs exhibited continuous conduction paths based on the virtue of the nanofibers with high length-to-diameter ratio,which were designed and prepared by mixing prepared fillers into the poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)/lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonilimide(Li TFSI)system.The effect of filler with different morphologies,doping ratios and component on ionic conductivity,electrochemical stability and cycle performance were explored under two kinds of[EO]/[Li^(+)]ratios and ambient temperatures.The ionic conductivities of electrolytes containing Mg O and MgF;nanofibers can reach up to 1.19×10^(-4) and 1.39×10^(-4) S cm^(-1) at 30℃,respectively.They were attributed to specific ionic conductive enhancement at the organicinorganic interface,reduced crystallinity and Lewis acid interaction,which can effectively promote the dissociation of the lithium salts.Especially MgF_(2) nanofiber,combining low electronic conductance,excellent electrochemical stability and outstanding inhibition for lithium dendrites of fluorides,endowed the battery with an initial specific capacity of 140.6 m Ah g^(-1) and capacity decay rate per cycle of 0.055%after500 cycles at 50℃.The work can provide an idea to design SSE with fast and multi-dimensional Li conductive paths and excellent interfacial compatibility.