全氟和多氟化合物(Perfluorinated and Polyfluorinated Compounds,PFASs)作为环境中普遍存在的持久性污染物,已对水体和人们的健康造成威胁。为了减少和控制PFASs污染,保障饮用水安全,需要建立简单有效的分析方法对水环境中的PFASs进...全氟和多氟化合物(Perfluorinated and Polyfluorinated Compounds,PFASs)作为环境中普遍存在的持久性污染物,已对水体和人们的健康造成威胁。为了减少和控制PFASs污染,保障饮用水安全,需要建立简单有效的分析方法对水环境中的PFASs进行及时监测。而基于金属有机框架(Metal-Organic Frameworks,MOFs)及其衍生物的传感器可以快速灵敏地检测水中痕量PFASs,其制备过程简单、成本低,并具有现场应用的潜力。本文主要综述MOFs光学传感器、MOFs电化学传感器和MOFs固相微萃取传感器在水环境PFASs检测中的研究进展,并讨论MOFs传感器面临的挑战以及未来发展趋势,以期为传感器技术的发展和环境中污染物的快速检测提供参考。展开更多
Toroidal torques,generated by the resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP)and acting on the plasma column,are numerically systematically investigated for an ITER baseline scenario.The neoclassical toroidal viscosity(NTV),i...Toroidal torques,generated by the resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP)and acting on the plasma column,are numerically systematically investigated for an ITER baseline scenario.The neoclassical toroidal viscosity(NTV),in particular the resonant portion,is found to provide the dominant contribution to the total toroidal torque under the slow plasma flow regime in ITER.While the electromagnetic torque always opposes the plasma flow,the toroidal torque associated with the Reynolds stress enhances the plasma flow independent of the flow direction.A peculiar double-peak structure for the net NTV torque is robustly computed for ITER,as the toroidal rotation frequency is scanned near the zero value.This structure is found to be ultimately due to a non-monotonic behavior of the wave-particle resonance integral(over the particle pitch angle)in the superbanana plateau NTV regime in ITER.These findings are qualitatively insensitive to variations of a range of factors including the wall resistivity,the plasma pedestal flow and the assumed frequency of the rotating RMP field.展开更多
Zanthoxylum bungeanum is an important spice and medicinal plant that is unique for its accumulation of abundant secondary metabolites,which create a characteristic aroma and tingling sensation in the mouth.Owing to th...Zanthoxylum bungeanum is an important spice and medicinal plant that is unique for its accumulation of abundant secondary metabolites,which create a characteristic aroma and tingling sensation in the mouth.Owing to the high proportion of repetitive sequences,high heterozygosity,and increased chromosome number of Z.bungeanum,the assembly of its chromosomal pseudomolecules is extremely challenging.Here,we present a genome sequence for Z.bungeanum,with a dramatically expanded size of 4.23 Gb,assembled into 68 chromosomes.This genome is approximately tenfold larger than that of its close relative Citrus sinensis.After the divergence of Zanthoxylum and Citrus,the lineage-specific whole-genome duplication event q-WGD approximately 26.8 million years ago(MYA)and the recent transposable element(TE)burst~6.41 MYA account for the substantial genome expansion in Z.bungeanum.The independent Zanthoxylum-specific WGD event was followed by numerous fusion/fission events that shaped the genomic architecture.Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analyses suggested that prominent speciesspecific gene family expansions and changes in gene expression have shaped the biosynthesis of sanshools,terpenoids,and anthocyanins,which contribute to the special flavor and appearance of Z.bungeanum.In summary,the reference genome provides a valuable model for studying the impact of WGDs with recent TE activity on gene gain and loss and genome reconstruction and provides resources to accelerate Zanthoxylum improvement.展开更多
Er_(20)Ho_(20)Dy_(20)Cu_(20)Ni_(20)high-entropy metallic glass exhibited excellent magnetic refrigeration material with a wide temperature range and high refrigeration capacity(RC)was reported.Er_(20)Ho_(20)Dy_(20)Cu_...Er_(20)Ho_(20)Dy_(20)Cu_(20)Ni_(20)high-entropy metallic glass exhibited excellent magnetic refrigeration material with a wide temperature range and high refrigeration capacity(RC)was reported.Er_(20)Ho_(20)Dy_(20)Cu_(20)Ni_(20)high-entropy metallic glass was observed with typical spin glass behavior around 15.5 K.In addition,we find that the magnetic entropy change(-△S_(M))originates from the sample undergoing a ferromagnetic(FM)to paramagnetic(PM)transition around 20 K.Under a field change from 0 T to 7 T,the value of maximum magnetic entropy change(-△S_(M)^(max))reaches 12.5 J/kg·K,and the corresponding value of RC reaches 487.7 J/kg in the temperature range from 6 K to 60 K.The large RC and wide temperature range make the Er_(20)Ho_(20)Dy_(20)Cu_(20)Ni_(20)high-entropy metallic glass be a promising material for application in magnetic refrigerators.展开更多
文摘全氟和多氟化合物(Perfluorinated and Polyfluorinated Compounds,PFASs)作为环境中普遍存在的持久性污染物,已对水体和人们的健康造成威胁。为了减少和控制PFASs污染,保障饮用水安全,需要建立简单有效的分析方法对水环境中的PFASs进行及时监测。而基于金属有机框架(Metal-Organic Frameworks,MOFs)及其衍生物的传感器可以快速灵敏地检测水中痕量PFASs,其制备过程简单、成本低,并具有现场应用的潜力。本文主要综述MOFs光学传感器、MOFs电化学传感器和MOFs固相微萃取传感器在水环境PFASs检测中的研究进展,并讨论MOFs传感器面临的挑战以及未来发展趋势,以期为传感器技术的发展和环境中污染物的快速检测提供参考。
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.12075053,11505021 and 11975068)by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE 03060002)+1 种基金by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2232024G-10)supported by the U.S.DoE Office of Science(No.DE-FG02–95ER54309)。
文摘Toroidal torques,generated by the resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP)and acting on the plasma column,are numerically systematically investigated for an ITER baseline scenario.The neoclassical toroidal viscosity(NTV),in particular the resonant portion,is found to provide the dominant contribution to the total toroidal torque under the slow plasma flow regime in ITER.While the electromagnetic torque always opposes the plasma flow,the toroidal torque associated with the Reynolds stress enhances the plasma flow independent of the flow direction.A peculiar double-peak structure for the net NTV torque is robustly computed for ITER,as the toroidal rotation frequency is scanned near the zero value.This structure is found to be ultimately due to a non-monotonic behavior of the wave-particle resonance integral(over the particle pitch angle)in the superbanana plateau NTV regime in ITER.These findings are qualitatively insensitive to variations of a range of factors including the wall resistivity,the plasma pedestal flow and the assumed frequency of the rotating RMP field.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD1000605)the Tianjin Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(18JCJQJC48300).
文摘Zanthoxylum bungeanum is an important spice and medicinal plant that is unique for its accumulation of abundant secondary metabolites,which create a characteristic aroma and tingling sensation in the mouth.Owing to the high proportion of repetitive sequences,high heterozygosity,and increased chromosome number of Z.bungeanum,the assembly of its chromosomal pseudomolecules is extremely challenging.Here,we present a genome sequence for Z.bungeanum,with a dramatically expanded size of 4.23 Gb,assembled into 68 chromosomes.This genome is approximately tenfold larger than that of its close relative Citrus sinensis.After the divergence of Zanthoxylum and Citrus,the lineage-specific whole-genome duplication event q-WGD approximately 26.8 million years ago(MYA)and the recent transposable element(TE)burst~6.41 MYA account for the substantial genome expansion in Z.bungeanum.The independent Zanthoxylum-specific WGD event was followed by numerous fusion/fission events that shaped the genomic architecture.Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analyses suggested that prominent speciesspecific gene family expansions and changes in gene expression have shaped the biosynthesis of sanshools,terpenoids,and anthocyanins,which contribute to the special flavor and appearance of Z.bungeanum.In summary,the reference genome provides a valuable model for studying the impact of WGDs with recent TE activity on gene gain and loss and genome reconstruction and provides resources to accelerate Zanthoxylum improvement.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52371203 and 52271192)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2021YFB3501201)。
文摘Er_(20)Ho_(20)Dy_(20)Cu_(20)Ni_(20)high-entropy metallic glass exhibited excellent magnetic refrigeration material with a wide temperature range and high refrigeration capacity(RC)was reported.Er_(20)Ho_(20)Dy_(20)Cu_(20)Ni_(20)high-entropy metallic glass was observed with typical spin glass behavior around 15.5 K.In addition,we find that the magnetic entropy change(-△S_(M))originates from the sample undergoing a ferromagnetic(FM)to paramagnetic(PM)transition around 20 K.Under a field change from 0 T to 7 T,the value of maximum magnetic entropy change(-△S_(M)^(max))reaches 12.5 J/kg·K,and the corresponding value of RC reaches 487.7 J/kg in the temperature range from 6 K to 60 K.The large RC and wide temperature range make the Er_(20)Ho_(20)Dy_(20)Cu_(20)Ni_(20)high-entropy metallic glass be a promising material for application in magnetic refrigerators.
