Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogens are a significant public health problem, and their treatment primarily relies on antibiotic therapy. However, the increasing global development of antibiotic resi...Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogens are a significant public health problem, and their treatment primarily relies on antibiotic therapy. However, the increasing global development of antibiotic resistance necessitates updating diagnostic techniques to ensure higher sensitivity and specificity, especially with advancements in science and medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of UTIs and antibiotic resistance profiles through urine culture, as well as to identify Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Acinetobacter spp. in urine samples using a molecular approach with multiplex real-time PCR. From May 3 to July 25, 2023, at the Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA) and Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou (HOSCO), 209 urine samples collected from patients with suspected UTIs were analyzed using both urine culture and multiplex real-time PCR. Among the 209 patients, 52.15% were male and 47.85% female, with an average age of 46.87 ± 21.33 years. Urine cultures revealed an overall UTI prevalence of 23.44%, with a prevalence of 8.13% in men versus 15.31% in women (P = 0.023). The bacterial prevalence rates were as follows: Escherichia coli (12.92%), Klebsiella spp. (7.18%), Enterobacter cloacae (1.44%), Staphylococcus aureus (0.96%), and other bacteria. Klebsiella spp. demonstrated 100% resistance to Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, while Escherichia coli showed 96.2% and 65.4% resistance to Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, respectively. PCR analysis of the target bacteria revealed mono-infection prevalence rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.39%), Klebsiella oxytoca (7.79%), and Acinetobacter spp. (7.79%), along with a co-infection prevalence rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae/Acinetobacter spp. (1.30%). This study demonstrated that PCR, with its high sensitivity and specificity, could effectively distinguish Klebsiella pneumoniae from Klebsiella oxytoca and detect Acinetobacter spp. in less than 24 hours—something urine culture alone could not achieve. The relative ease of automating urine PCR testing, combined with its diagnostic accuracy and rapid turnaround time, makes it a valuable addition to modern medical practice for the laboratory diagnosis of UTIs.展开更多
The present study aims to describe the clinical and paraclinical profile of patients infected by viral hepatitis B and C and follow-up. The clinical and paraclinical data used in this description are from patients inf...The present study aims to describe the clinical and paraclinical profile of patients infected by viral hepatitis B and C and follow-up. The clinical and paraclinical data used in this description are from patients infected by viral hepatitis B and C of the HOSCO Hepato-Gastroenterological Department from May 15, 2021 to July 23, 2021. The informed consent was provided to each patient included in this study. “Univariate analyses were evaluated using Pearson’s Chi2 test” using R software version 4.0.2. During the study period, we identified 149 patients with viral hepatitis B and/or C who met our inclusion criteria. The sex ratio was 0.83 at the rate of 68 men for 81 women with the average age at 37.17 years ± 12.21 years. The most represented age group was 30 - 44 years (49.7%). The most incriminated risk factors were medical care by injection (62.58%), excision (31.90%), blood transfusion (4.29%) and scarification (1.23%). HBV infection was the majority with a frequency of 95.97%. The HBV viral load was measured in 91.95% of patients, 77.18% of whom had a detectable DNA viral load ≤ 2000 IU/mL. The clinical and biological course was good in patients after therapeutic initiation. HBV-HCV-HIV co-infection was 0.67%. Abdominal ultrasound was normal in 87.92% of patients. Fibrosis was minimal and moderate in 58.39% and 19.46% of patients. Among patients, 52.35% were on Tenofovir therapy, 2.68% on Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir, 0.67% on ARVs and 44.29% did not require treatment. Viral hepatitis B and C are common, and both affect sex. Thus, new screening strategies need to be implemented to improve the diagnosis of hepatitis B and C. Effective strategies against viral hepatitis B and C must be developed, subsequently.展开更多
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder with a pathophysiology deriving from the synergy of abnormal aggregation of neuroinflammation, synuclein and dysfunction of...Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder with a pathophysiology deriving from the synergy of abnormal aggregation of neuroinflammation, synuclein and dysfunction of lysosomes, mitochondria and synaptic transport difficulties influenced by genetic and idiopathic factors. Worldwide, PD has a prevalence of 2-3% in people over the age of 65. To date, there is no certified, effective treatment for PD. Aim: The aims of this research were: (i) to present, on the basis of recent advances in molecular genetics and epigenetics, the genomic aspects and challenges of gene therapy trials for PD;(ii) to outline the ethical principles applicable to therapeutic trials for PD. Method: A systematic literature review was carried out to identify relevant articles reporting on genomic aspects and gene therapy in PD from 2001 to October 2023. The search was conducted in French and/or English in three databases: PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct. PRISMA guidelines were used in this systematic review. Results: A total of thirty-three publications were selected. An inductive thematic analysis revealed that numerous genetic mutations (SNCA, Parkin, PINK1, DJ-1, LRRK2, ATP13A2, VPS35, Parkin/PRKN, PINK1, DJ1/PARK7) and epigenetic events such as the action of certain miRNAs (miR-7, miR-153, miR-133b, miR-124, miR-137) are responsible for the onset of PD, and that genetic therapy for this pathology raises ethical questions that need to be elucidated in the light of the bioethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. Conclusion: There is no zero risk in biotechnology. Then, it will be necessary to assess all the potential risks of Parkinson disease’s gene therapy to make the right decision. It is therefore essential to pursue research and, with the guidance of ethics, to advance treatment options and meet the challenges of brain manipulation and its impact on human identity. The golden rule of medicine remains: “Primum non nocere”.展开更多
文摘Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogens are a significant public health problem, and their treatment primarily relies on antibiotic therapy. However, the increasing global development of antibiotic resistance necessitates updating diagnostic techniques to ensure higher sensitivity and specificity, especially with advancements in science and medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of UTIs and antibiotic resistance profiles through urine culture, as well as to identify Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Acinetobacter spp. in urine samples using a molecular approach with multiplex real-time PCR. From May 3 to July 25, 2023, at the Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA) and Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou (HOSCO), 209 urine samples collected from patients with suspected UTIs were analyzed using both urine culture and multiplex real-time PCR. Among the 209 patients, 52.15% were male and 47.85% female, with an average age of 46.87 ± 21.33 years. Urine cultures revealed an overall UTI prevalence of 23.44%, with a prevalence of 8.13% in men versus 15.31% in women (P = 0.023). The bacterial prevalence rates were as follows: Escherichia coli (12.92%), Klebsiella spp. (7.18%), Enterobacter cloacae (1.44%), Staphylococcus aureus (0.96%), and other bacteria. Klebsiella spp. demonstrated 100% resistance to Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, while Escherichia coli showed 96.2% and 65.4% resistance to Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, respectively. PCR analysis of the target bacteria revealed mono-infection prevalence rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.39%), Klebsiella oxytoca (7.79%), and Acinetobacter spp. (7.79%), along with a co-infection prevalence rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae/Acinetobacter spp. (1.30%). This study demonstrated that PCR, with its high sensitivity and specificity, could effectively distinguish Klebsiella pneumoniae from Klebsiella oxytoca and detect Acinetobacter spp. in less than 24 hours—something urine culture alone could not achieve. The relative ease of automating urine PCR testing, combined with its diagnostic accuracy and rapid turnaround time, makes it a valuable addition to modern medical practice for the laboratory diagnosis of UTIs.
文摘The present study aims to describe the clinical and paraclinical profile of patients infected by viral hepatitis B and C and follow-up. The clinical and paraclinical data used in this description are from patients infected by viral hepatitis B and C of the HOSCO Hepato-Gastroenterological Department from May 15, 2021 to July 23, 2021. The informed consent was provided to each patient included in this study. “Univariate analyses were evaluated using Pearson’s Chi2 test” using R software version 4.0.2. During the study period, we identified 149 patients with viral hepatitis B and/or C who met our inclusion criteria. The sex ratio was 0.83 at the rate of 68 men for 81 women with the average age at 37.17 years ± 12.21 years. The most represented age group was 30 - 44 years (49.7%). The most incriminated risk factors were medical care by injection (62.58%), excision (31.90%), blood transfusion (4.29%) and scarification (1.23%). HBV infection was the majority with a frequency of 95.97%. The HBV viral load was measured in 91.95% of patients, 77.18% of whom had a detectable DNA viral load ≤ 2000 IU/mL. The clinical and biological course was good in patients after therapeutic initiation. HBV-HCV-HIV co-infection was 0.67%. Abdominal ultrasound was normal in 87.92% of patients. Fibrosis was minimal and moderate in 58.39% and 19.46% of patients. Among patients, 52.35% were on Tenofovir therapy, 2.68% on Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir, 0.67% on ARVs and 44.29% did not require treatment. Viral hepatitis B and C are common, and both affect sex. Thus, new screening strategies need to be implemented to improve the diagnosis of hepatitis B and C. Effective strategies against viral hepatitis B and C must be developed, subsequently.
文摘Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder with a pathophysiology deriving from the synergy of abnormal aggregation of neuroinflammation, synuclein and dysfunction of lysosomes, mitochondria and synaptic transport difficulties influenced by genetic and idiopathic factors. Worldwide, PD has a prevalence of 2-3% in people over the age of 65. To date, there is no certified, effective treatment for PD. Aim: The aims of this research were: (i) to present, on the basis of recent advances in molecular genetics and epigenetics, the genomic aspects and challenges of gene therapy trials for PD;(ii) to outline the ethical principles applicable to therapeutic trials for PD. Method: A systematic literature review was carried out to identify relevant articles reporting on genomic aspects and gene therapy in PD from 2001 to October 2023. The search was conducted in French and/or English in three databases: PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct. PRISMA guidelines were used in this systematic review. Results: A total of thirty-three publications were selected. An inductive thematic analysis revealed that numerous genetic mutations (SNCA, Parkin, PINK1, DJ-1, LRRK2, ATP13A2, VPS35, Parkin/PRKN, PINK1, DJ1/PARK7) and epigenetic events such as the action of certain miRNAs (miR-7, miR-153, miR-133b, miR-124, miR-137) are responsible for the onset of PD, and that genetic therapy for this pathology raises ethical questions that need to be elucidated in the light of the bioethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. Conclusion: There is no zero risk in biotechnology. Then, it will be necessary to assess all the potential risks of Parkinson disease’s gene therapy to make the right decision. It is therefore essential to pursue research and, with the guidance of ethics, to advance treatment options and meet the challenges of brain manipulation and its impact on human identity. The golden rule of medicine remains: “Primum non nocere”.
