Low-Carbon Dispatch of an Integrated Energy System Considering Confidence Intervals for Renewable Energy Generation

Addressing the insufficiency in down-regulation leeway within integrated energy systems stemming from the erratic and volatile nature of wind and solar renewable energy generation,this study focuses on formulating a coordinated strategy involving the carbon capture unit of the integrated energy system and the resources on the load storage side.A scheduling model is devised that takes into account the confidence interval associated with renewable energy generation,with the overarching goal of optimizing the system for low-carbon operation.To begin with,an in-depth analysis is conducted on the temporal energy-shifting attributes and the low-carbon modulation mechanisms exhibited by the source-side carbon capture power plant within the context of integrated and adaptable operational paradigms.Drawing from this analysis,a model is devised to represent the adjustable resources on the charge-storage side,predicated on the principles of electro-thermal coupling within the energy system.Subsequently,the dissimilarities in the confidence intervals of renewable energy generation are considered,leading to the proposition of a flexible upper threshold for the confidence interval.Building on this,a low-carbon dispatch model is established for the integrated energy system,factoring in the margin allowed by the adjustable resources.In the final phase,a simulation is performed on a regional electric heating integrated energy system.This simulation seeks to assess the impact of source-load-storage coordination on the system’s low-carbon operation across various scenarios of reduction margin reserves.The findings underscore that the proactive scheduling model incorporating confidence interval considerations for reduction margin reserves effectively mitigates the uncertainties tied to renewable energy generation.Through harmonized orchestration of source,load,and storage elements,it expands the utilization scope for renewable energy,safeguards the economic efficiency of system operations under low-carbon emission conditions,and empirically validates the soundness and efficacy of the proposed approach.

Effects of a closed-loop system against SARS-CoV-2 at the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games:a descriptive and modeling study

BACKGROUND:To assess the efficacy of the epidemic prevention measures of the“closed-loop”system adopted by the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games(BOWG).METHODS:We retrospectively collected and analyzed information,including age,sex,nationality,vaccination status,date of diagnosis,and date of entry,from 280 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals identified during the BOWG.A susceptibility-exposed-infectious-remove model was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of epidemic prevention strategies on controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 under different scenarios during the BOWG.RESULTS:Regarding SARS-CoV-2-positive cases,97.9%were imported,and 96.4%were asymptomatic.The median age was 37 years(range:29–47 years),and 73.9%were male,with the majority of cases being broadcasters and European attendees.Regarding vaccination status,93.5%were fully vaccinated,and six cases were considered to have been infected in the closed-loop system during the BOWG.Assuming that the BOWG adopted a semi-closed-loop management system,the cumulative number of confirmed cases would be 1,137 for quick quarantine measures(3 d later)implemented and 5,530 for delayed quarantine measures(9 d later)implemented.This modeling revealed that stringent pandemic prevention measures and closed-loop management effectively controlled the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the BOWG.CONCLUSION:Imported cases are considered the main risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 transmission during mass gatherings,but a comprehensive closed-loop system could minimize transmission among attendees and general personnel.

Efficacy of initial dose botulinum toxin A injection in acute concomitant esotropia with different clinical characteristics

To the Editor:Acute concomitant esotropia(ACE)is an acquired esotropia with a sudden appearance and no pathologic changes on cerebral imaging.There are various treatments for ACE,including extraocular muscle surgery,botulinum toxin A(BTA)injection,prisms,and divergence training.[1]BTA had been used in the treatment of ACE since it was approved by Food and Drug Administration(FDA,USA)in 1989.[2]Some researchers have confirmed that its effect is stable and has unique advantages in the treatment of ACE.

Association between duration of return of spontaneous circulation and outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Background:Return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC)is a core outcome element of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR);however,the definition or criterion of ROSC is disputed and varies in resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA).Methods:This was a retrospective study of 126 patients with OHCA who achieved ROSC between January and December 2020.The probability of survival after OHCA related to CPR and ROSC duration was analyzed using the probability density function and empirical cumulative density functions.Results:There were no significant differences between ROSC sustained until emergency department arrival and that sustained for at least 20 minutes in terms of the 24-hour survival rate(31.3%[31/99]vs.35.7%[10/30];P=0.84),30-day survival rate(23.2%[23/99]vs.25.0%[7/30];P=0.99),or survival at 30 days with cerebral performance category(CPC)1 and 2(18.2%[18/99]vs.10.7%[3/30];P=0.44).The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test values from the empirical cumulative density functions with ROSC sustained until hospital arrival and that sustained for at least 20 minutes were 0.44,0.20,and 0.24 for CPC 1 or 2,CPC 3 or 4,and CPC 5,respectively.Conclusion:Return of spontaneous circulation is a core outcome element of CPR.It should be defined as sustained for at least 20 minutes or until arrival at the emergency department and as a basic standard for evaluating resuscitation success after OHCA.