Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are great candidates for energy storage systems, but need to overcome theissues of low sulfur utilization and polysulfide shuttling for use in large-scale commercial applications.Rece...Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are great candidates for energy storage systems, but need to overcome theissues of low sulfur utilization and polysulfide shuttling for use in large-scale commercial applications.Recently, quaternized polymers have received much attention for their polysulfide trapping propertiesdue to electrostatic interaction. In this work, we report a series of polyarylether sulfone (PSF) binderswith different cation structures including imidazolium (Im), triethylammonium (Tr), and morpholinium(Mo). The ability of the these quaternized binders and the conventional poly(vinylidene fluoride) or PVDFbinder to capture polysulfide increases in the order of PVDF << PSF-Mo < PSF-Tr< PSF-Im. The delocalizedcharge on the imidazolium cation may promote the interaction between PSF-Im and polysulfide asindicated by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study. The PSF-Im based cathodes showed the highestcapacity retention (77% at 0.2 C after 100 cycles and 84% at 0.5 C after 120 cycles), and the bestrate capability. This work demonstrates the importance of the cation structure in the design of efficientquaternized binders for high performance Li–S batteries.展开更多
Religious affection is a kind of emotional experience that religious believers have to the gods after they have participated in religious activities and experienced religious rituals. Religious experience is what conn...Religious affection is a kind of emotional experience that religious believers have to the gods after they have participated in religious activities and experienced religious rituals. Religious experience is what connects individuals and the gods. It can lead people to believe in religion and strengthen people＇s religious beliefs and is the basis of the establishment, dissemination and consolidation of religions. This article reveals that extreme cults create illusions for believers by conducting information and time control, making them exhausted physically and mentally and using ＂social hypnosis＂ and that they have stolen traditional religious affection and religious experience for their own usage by inducing believers religious affection through self-praise, intimidation and deception and wide insinuation.展开更多
随着医学教育改革的不断推进,以学生为中心,以成果导向教育(outcome based education, OBE)为目标,构建的新型教学模式越来越受到重视。组织和细胞培养技术是基础与临床各学科进行科研创新实践与生产的必备基础。本文通过探索在OBE理念...随着医学教育改革的不断推进,以学生为中心,以成果导向教育(outcome based education, OBE)为目标,构建的新型教学模式越来越受到重视。组织和细胞培养技术是基础与临床各学科进行科研创新实践与生产的必备基础。本文通过探索在OBE理念指导下,虚拟仿真教学模式在组织和细胞培养技术课程中的应用。为探索医学基础课程,尤其是偏重实践型课程教学提供新思路与新模式。展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Dalian(2018J12GX052)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21776042)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant no.DUT19ZD214)。
文摘Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are great candidates for energy storage systems, but need to overcome theissues of low sulfur utilization and polysulfide shuttling for use in large-scale commercial applications.Recently, quaternized polymers have received much attention for their polysulfide trapping propertiesdue to electrostatic interaction. In this work, we report a series of polyarylether sulfone (PSF) binderswith different cation structures including imidazolium (Im), triethylammonium (Tr), and morpholinium(Mo). The ability of the these quaternized binders and the conventional poly(vinylidene fluoride) or PVDFbinder to capture polysulfide increases in the order of PVDF << PSF-Mo < PSF-Tr< PSF-Im. The delocalizedcharge on the imidazolium cation may promote the interaction between PSF-Im and polysulfide asindicated by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study. The PSF-Im based cathodes showed the highestcapacity retention (77% at 0.2 C after 100 cycles and 84% at 0.5 C after 120 cycles), and the bestrate capability. This work demonstrates the importance of the cation structure in the design of efficientquaternized binders for high performance Li–S batteries.
文摘Religious affection is a kind of emotional experience that religious believers have to the gods after they have participated in religious activities and experienced religious rituals. Religious experience is what connects individuals and the gods. It can lead people to believe in religion and strengthen people＇s religious beliefs and is the basis of the establishment, dissemination and consolidation of religions. This article reveals that extreme cults create illusions for believers by conducting information and time control, making them exhausted physically and mentally and using ＂social hypnosis＂ and that they have stolen traditional religious affection and religious experience for their own usage by inducing believers religious affection through self-praise, intimidation and deception and wide insinuation.
文摘随着医学教育改革的不断推进,以学生为中心,以成果导向教育(outcome based education, OBE)为目标,构建的新型教学模式越来越受到重视。组织和细胞培养技术是基础与临床各学科进行科研创新实践与生产的必备基础。本文通过探索在OBE理念指导下,虚拟仿真教学模式在组织和细胞培养技术课程中的应用。为探索医学基础课程,尤其是偏重实践型课程教学提供新思路与新模式。
