This study aimed to investigate the pollution characteristics, source apportionment, and health risks associated with trace metal(loid)s(TMs) in the major agricultural producing areas in Chongqing, China. We analyzed ...This study aimed to investigate the pollution characteristics, source apportionment, and health risks associated with trace metal(loid)s(TMs) in the major agricultural producing areas in Chongqing, China. We analyzed the source apportionment and assessed the health risk of TMs in agricultural soils by using positive matrix factorization(PMF) model and health risk assessment(HRA) model based on Monte Carlo simulation. Meanwhile, we combined PMF and HRA models to explore the health risks of TMs in agricultural soils by different pollution sources to determine the priority control factors. Results showed that the average contents of cadmium(Cd), arsenic (As), lead(Pb), chromium(Cr), copper(Cu), nickel(Ni), and zinc(Zn) in the soil were found to be 0.26, 5.93, 27.14, 61.32, 23.81, 32.45, and 78.65 mg/kg, respectively. Spatial analysis and source apportionment analysis revealed that urban and industrial sources, agricultural sources, and natural sources accounted for 33.0%, 27.7%, and 39.3% of TM accumulation in the soil, respectively. In the HRA model based on Monte Carlo simulation, noncarcinogenic risks were deemed negligible(hazard index <1), the carcinogenic risks were at acceptable level(10^(-6)<total carcinogenic risk ≤ 10^(-4)), with higher risks observed for children compared to adults. The relationship between TMs, their sources, and health risks indicated that urban and industrial sources were primarily associated with As, contributing to 75.1% of carcinogenic risks and 55.7% of non-carcinogenic risks, making them the primary control factors. Meanwhile, agricultural sources were primarily linked to Cd and Pb, contributing to 13.1% of carcinogenic risks and 21.8% of non-carcinogenic risks, designating them as secondary control factors.展开更多
The deduction of energy consumption for raw materials and non-fossil energy in the calculation of energy intensity involves a simple change that will have direct and profound impacts.This paper reviews the historical ...The deduction of energy consumption for raw materials and non-fossil energy in the calculation of energy intensity involves a simple change that will have direct and profound impacts.This paper reviews the historical context and current status of China’s energy intensity control strategies,dissects the rationale for recent adjustments in energy intensity calculation methodologies,and examines policy changes from the perspectives of actively responding to internal and external challenges to promote energy transition,coordinating development and emissions reduction based on China’s energy resource endowment,and transforming energy intensity control as a driving force for accelerating the development of strategic emerging industries and high-quality growth.展开更多
Rice blast is regarded as one of the major diseases of rice.Screening rice genotypes with high resistance to rice blast is a key strategy for ensuring global food security.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)-based imaging,c...Rice blast is regarded as one of the major diseases of rice.Screening rice genotypes with high resistance to rice blast is a key strategy for ensuring global food security.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)-based imaging,coupled with deep learning,can acquire high-throughput imagery related to rice blast infection.In this study,we developed a segmented detection model(called RiceblastSegMask)for rice blast detection and resistance evaluation.The feasibility of different backbones and target detection models was further investigated.RiceblastSegMask is a two-stage instance segmentation model,comprising an image-denoising backbone network,a feature pyramid,a trinomial tree fine-grained feature extraction combination network,and an image pixel codec module.The results showed that the model combining the image-denoising and fine-grained feature extraction based on the Swin Transformer and the feature pixel matching feature labels with the trinomial tree recursive algorithm performed the best.The overall accuracy for instance segmentation of RiceblastSegMask reached 97.56%,and it demonstrated a satisfactory accuracy of 90.29%for grading unique resistance to rice blast.These results indicated that low-altitude remote sensing using UAV,in conjunction with the proposed RiceblastSegMask model,can efficiently calculate the extent of rice blast infection,offering a new phenotypic tool for evaluating rice blast resistance on a field scale in rice breeding programs.展开更多
出行即服务(Mobility as a Service,MaaS)是一种新型的交通模式,旨在通过整合不同的交通方式和服务,为乘客提供便捷、高效、绿色、智慧的出行选择,推进交通的可持续发展。目前我国MaaS虽然处于起步阶段,但具有广阔的发展前景。基于MaaS...出行即服务(Mobility as a Service,MaaS)是一种新型的交通模式,旨在通过整合不同的交通方式和服务,为乘客提供便捷、高效、绿色、智慧的出行选择,推进交通的可持续发展。目前我国MaaS虽然处于起步阶段,但具有广阔的发展前景。基于MaaS内涵和特点,总结梳理国内外MaaS的发展现状,分析当前待解决的问题,并结合当前研究经验提出对MaaS未来发展的思考与建议,包括:合理细分市场、制定激励方案、加大宣传力度、科学整合交通模式、促进数据共享、提供全链条服务等。展开更多
基金supported by Project of Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau (cstc2022jxjl0005)。
文摘This study aimed to investigate the pollution characteristics, source apportionment, and health risks associated with trace metal(loid)s(TMs) in the major agricultural producing areas in Chongqing, China. We analyzed the source apportionment and assessed the health risk of TMs in agricultural soils by using positive matrix factorization(PMF) model and health risk assessment(HRA) model based on Monte Carlo simulation. Meanwhile, we combined PMF and HRA models to explore the health risks of TMs in agricultural soils by different pollution sources to determine the priority control factors. Results showed that the average contents of cadmium(Cd), arsenic (As), lead(Pb), chromium(Cr), copper(Cu), nickel(Ni), and zinc(Zn) in the soil were found to be 0.26, 5.93, 27.14, 61.32, 23.81, 32.45, and 78.65 mg/kg, respectively. Spatial analysis and source apportionment analysis revealed that urban and industrial sources, agricultural sources, and natural sources accounted for 33.0%, 27.7%, and 39.3% of TM accumulation in the soil, respectively. In the HRA model based on Monte Carlo simulation, noncarcinogenic risks were deemed negligible(hazard index <1), the carcinogenic risks were at acceptable level(10^(-6)<total carcinogenic risk ≤ 10^(-4)), with higher risks observed for children compared to adults. The relationship between TMs, their sources, and health risks indicated that urban and industrial sources were primarily associated with As, contributing to 75.1% of carcinogenic risks and 55.7% of non-carcinogenic risks, making them the primary control factors. Meanwhile, agricultural sources were primarily linked to Cd and Pb, contributing to 13.1% of carcinogenic risks and 21.8% of non-carcinogenic risks, designating them as secondary control factors.
文摘The deduction of energy consumption for raw materials and non-fossil energy in the calculation of energy intensity involves a simple change that will have direct and profound impacts.This paper reviews the historical context and current status of China’s energy intensity control strategies,dissects the rationale for recent adjustments in energy intensity calculation methodologies,and examines policy changes from the perspectives of actively responding to internal and external challenges to promote energy transition,coordinating development and emissions reduction based on China’s energy resource endowment,and transforming energy intensity control as a driving force for accelerating the development of strategic emerging industries and high-quality growth.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(Grant No.2022J01611).
文摘Rice blast is regarded as one of the major diseases of rice.Screening rice genotypes with high resistance to rice blast is a key strategy for ensuring global food security.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)-based imaging,coupled with deep learning,can acquire high-throughput imagery related to rice blast infection.In this study,we developed a segmented detection model(called RiceblastSegMask)for rice blast detection and resistance evaluation.The feasibility of different backbones and target detection models was further investigated.RiceblastSegMask is a two-stage instance segmentation model,comprising an image-denoising backbone network,a feature pyramid,a trinomial tree fine-grained feature extraction combination network,and an image pixel codec module.The results showed that the model combining the image-denoising and fine-grained feature extraction based on the Swin Transformer and the feature pixel matching feature labels with the trinomial tree recursive algorithm performed the best.The overall accuracy for instance segmentation of RiceblastSegMask reached 97.56%,and it demonstrated a satisfactory accuracy of 90.29%for grading unique resistance to rice blast.These results indicated that low-altitude remote sensing using UAV,in conjunction with the proposed RiceblastSegMask model,can efficiently calculate the extent of rice blast infection,offering a new phenotypic tool for evaluating rice blast resistance on a field scale in rice breeding programs.
文摘出行即服务(Mobility as a Service,MaaS)是一种新型的交通模式,旨在通过整合不同的交通方式和服务,为乘客提供便捷、高效、绿色、智慧的出行选择,推进交通的可持续发展。目前我国MaaS虽然处于起步阶段,但具有广阔的发展前景。基于MaaS内涵和特点,总结梳理国内外MaaS的发展现状,分析当前待解决的问题,并结合当前研究经验提出对MaaS未来发展的思考与建议,包括:合理细分市场、制定激励方案、加大宣传力度、科学整合交通模式、促进数据共享、提供全链条服务等。
