Background:Solid organ transplant(SOT)activities,such as liver transplant,have been greatly influenced by the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona...Background:Solid organ transplant(SOT)activities,such as liver transplant,have been greatly influenced by the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Immunosuppressed individuals of liver transplant recipients(LTRs)tend to have a high risk of COVID-19 infection and related complications.Therefore,COVID-19 vaccination has been recommended to be administered as early as possible in LTRs.Data sources:The keywords“liver transplant”,“SARS-CoV-2”,and“vaccine”were used to retrieve articles published in PubMed.Results:The antibody response following the 1st and 2nd doses of vaccination was disappointingly low,and the immune responses among LTRs remarkably improved after the 3rd or 4th dose of vaccination.Although the 3rd or 4th dose of COVID-19 vaccine increased the antibody titer,a proportion of patients remained unresponsive.Furthermore,recent studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could trigger adverse events in LTRs,including allograft rejection and liver injury.Conclusions:This review provides the recently reported data on the antibody response of LTRs following various doses of vaccine,risk factors for poor serological response and adverse events after vaccination.展开更多
The medium-temperature T dependence of the jet transport coefficient̂q was studied via the nuclear modification factor RAA(p_(T))and elliptical flow parameter v_(2)(p_(T))for large transverse momentum p_(T) hadrons in...The medium-temperature T dependence of the jet transport coefficient̂q was studied via the nuclear modification factor RAA(p_(T))and elliptical flow parameter v_(2)(p_(T))for large transverse momentum p_(T) hadrons in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions.Within a next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD parton model for hard scatterings with modified fragmentation functions due to jet quenching controlled by q,we check the suppression and azimuthal anisotropy for large p_(T) hadrons,and extract q by global fits to RAA(pT)and v_(2)(pT)data in A+A collisions at RHIC and LHC,respectively.The numerical results from the best fits show that q∕T^(3) goes down with local medium-temperature T in the parton jet trajectory.Compared with the case of a constant q∕T^(3),the going-down T dependence of q∕T^(3) makes a hard parton jet to lose more energy near T_(c) and therefore strengthens the azimuthal anisotropy for large pT hadrons.As a result,v_(2)(p_(T))for large pT hadrons was enhanced by approximately 10%to better fit the data at RHIC/LHC.Considering the first-order phase transition from QGP to the hadron phase and the additional energy loss in the hadron phase,v_(2)(p_(T))is again enhanced by 5-10%at RHIC/LHC.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the incidence of de novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection after pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and to analyze the risk factors associated with this de novo HBV infection.
To the Editor:During the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pan-demic globally,patients with chronic liver diseases(CLD),par-ticularly cirrhosis,hepatobiliary malignancies,candidates for liver transplantation(L...To the Editor:During the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pan-demic globally,patients with chronic liver diseases(CLD),par-ticularly cirrhosis,hepatobiliary malignancies,candidates for liver transplantation(LT),and immunosuppressed LT recipients appear to be at increased risk of infections,which leads to an increase in mortality[1-6].Apart from physical distancing,quarantine and isolation,vaccination is crucial for the restraining of the epidemic and the protection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coron-avirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection and aggravation of COVID-19[7,8].A recent prospective,multicenter,open-label study in China has demonstrated the safety of inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with CLD.展开更多
Aqueous zinc(Zn)-ion batteries(AZIBs)present safe and environmentally friendly features thereby emerging as an attractive energy storage device.The V_(2)O_(5)-based cathodes are promising because of their high theoret...Aqueous zinc(Zn)-ion batteries(AZIBs)present safe and environmentally friendly features thereby emerging as an attractive energy storage device.The V_(2)O_(5)-based cathodes are promising because of their high theoretical capacity and energy density.However,insufficient interlayer distance,easy dissolution and structural collapse due to irreversible crystalline phase transition limit the development of V_(2)O_(5)cathodes in AZIBs.Herein,doubly modified V_(2)O_(5)-based cathode which was in-situ intercalated by polyaniline(PANI)and composited with MXene(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x))(denoted PVM)were synthesized by one-step method for the first time.The in situ intercalation of PANI provides a channel for the rapid diffusion of Zn2+and the heterogeneous structures effectively promote charge transfer and enable structural integrity of cathode during cycling.Meanwhile,the conductivity of PVM electrode is greatly improved.Specifically,the PVM electrode shows a superior rate performance of 82 mAh·g^(-1)after 2000 cycles at 10 A·g^(-1).And it shows high pseudocapacitance behavior(80.23%capacitor contribution ratio at 0.1 mV·s^(-1)).A novel method of intercalation composite modification for the cathode is proposed,which provides fundamental guidance for the development of high-performance cathodes for AZIBs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation(LT)is the most effective treatment strategy for advanced liver diseases.With the increasing survival rate and prolonged survival time,the postoperative long-term complications of LT re...BACKGROUND Liver transplantation(LT)is the most effective treatment strategy for advanced liver diseases.With the increasing survival rate and prolonged survival time,the postoperative long-term complications of LT recipients are becoming an important concern.Among them,the newly developed cancer after LT is the second complication and cause of LT-related death after cardiovascular disease.At present,few papers have reported multiple primary carcinomas(MPCs)after LT.Herein,we retrospectively analyzed an MPC case with gastric cancer and lung cancer after LT.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we retrospectively analyzed an MPC case with de novo gastric cancer and lung cancer after LT with no obvious complaints.Forty-one months after LT,the patient underwent radical distal gastrectomy(Billroth II)for intramucosal signet ring cell carcinoma,and then thoracoscopic wedge resection of the right lower lobe of the right lung and localized lymph node dissection 2 mo later.Therefore,paying attention to follow-up in LT recipients with early detection and intervention of de novo MPCs is the key to improving the survival rate and quality of life of LT recipients.CONCLUSION De novo MPCs after LT are rare,and the prognosis is poorer.However,early detection and related intervention can significantly improve the prognosis of patients.Therefore,we recommend that liver transplant recipients should be followed and screened for newly developed malignant tumors to improve the survival rate and quality of life.展开更多
To the Editor:Hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIG)combined with nucleos(t)ide analogues(NAs)has become the standard regimen for preventing recurrence of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in HBV-related liver transplant(LT)r...To the Editor:Hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIG)combined with nucleos(t)ide analogues(NAs)has become the standard regimen for preventing recurrence of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in HBV-related liver transplant(LT)recipients.展开更多
Liver transplantation(LT)is considered one of the best treatments for patients with end-stage liver diseases.However,some patients with no significant clinical manifestations or abnormal laboratory tests still experie...Liver transplantation(LT)is considered one of the best treatments for patients with end-stage liver diseases.However,some patients with no significant clinical manifestations or abnormal laboratory tests still experience graft fibrosis during postoperative follow-up,which is often recognized by graft histopathology.Graft fibrosis can lead to graft dysfunction,thereby reducing the survival time of the recipient and even requiring retransplantation.Currently,noninvasive methods are widely applied in the assessment of hepatic and allograft fibrosis.Although both noninvasive diagnostic models based on laboratory examination indicators and elastography technology that can quantify liver stiffness have some value in the evaluation of fibrosis,the diagnostic accuracy and characteristics of these various methods vary and cannot replace liver biopsy completely.In recent years,some liver-protective drugs and proprietary Chinese traditional medicines have been proven to delay or reverse chronic liver fibrosis.Nevertheless,their efficacy and safety for LT recipients need to be further verified.This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of graft fibrosis after LT to provide a reference for improving the overall survival rate of LT recipients.展开更多
To the Editor,Liver transplantation(LT)is the only curative therapy for patients with end‐stage liver disease.1 Due to the high incidence of metabolic syndrome after LT,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has grad...To the Editor,Liver transplantation(LT)is the only curative therapy for patients with end‐stage liver disease.1 Due to the high incidence of metabolic syndrome after LT,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has gradually become an essential cause of post‐LT fibrosis.2 Liver fibrosis can progress to liver cirrhosis and carries the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which adversely affects long‐term survival after LT.3,4 Early detection and active intervention for liver fibrosis after LT are crucial in LT recipients.Previous studies have confirmed that transient elastography(TE)could accurately detect liver fibrosis in LT recipients by comparing TE with liver biopsy.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82103662).
文摘Background:Solid organ transplant(SOT)activities,such as liver transplant,have been greatly influenced by the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Immunosuppressed individuals of liver transplant recipients(LTRs)tend to have a high risk of COVID-19 infection and related complications.Therefore,COVID-19 vaccination has been recommended to be administered as early as possible in LTRs.Data sources:The keywords“liver transplant”,“SARS-CoV-2”,and“vaccine”were used to retrieve articles published in PubMed.Results:The antibody response following the 1st and 2nd doses of vaccination was disappointingly low,and the immune responses among LTRs remarkably improved after the 3rd or 4th dose of vaccination.Although the 3rd or 4th dose of COVID-19 vaccine increased the antibody titer,a proportion of patients remained unresponsive.Furthermore,recent studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could trigger adverse events in LTRs,including allograft rejection and liver injury.Conclusions:This review provides the recently reported data on the antibody response of LTRs following various doses of vaccine,risk factors for poor serological response and adverse events after vaccination.
基金Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2020B0301030008)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(No.2019050001)National Science Foundation of China(Nos.12347130 and 11935007).
文摘The medium-temperature T dependence of the jet transport coefficient̂q was studied via the nuclear modification factor RAA(p_(T))and elliptical flow parameter v_(2)(p_(T))for large transverse momentum p_(T) hadrons in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions.Within a next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD parton model for hard scatterings with modified fragmentation functions due to jet quenching controlled by q,we check the suppression and azimuthal anisotropy for large p_(T) hadrons,and extract q by global fits to RAA(pT)and v_(2)(pT)data in A+A collisions at RHIC and LHC,respectively.The numerical results from the best fits show that q∕T^(3) goes down with local medium-temperature T in the parton jet trajectory.Compared with the case of a constant q∕T^(3),the going-down T dependence of q∕T^(3) makes a hard parton jet to lose more energy near T_(c) and therefore strengthens the azimuthal anisotropy for large pT hadrons.As a result,v_(2)(p_(T))for large pT hadrons was enhanced by approximately 10%to better fit the data at RHIC/LHC.Considering the first-order phase transition from QGP to the hadron phase and the additional energy loss in the hadron phase,v_(2)(p_(T))is again enhanced by 5-10%at RHIC/LHC.
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program(863 Program)of China,No.2012AA021001
文摘AIM: To investigate the incidence of de novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection after pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and to analyze the risk factors associated with this de novo HBV infection.
基金the"Clinic+X"of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University(No.3754)Social Sci-ence Popularization and Application Research Project of Shandong Province(No.2021-SKZC-18).
文摘To the Editor:During the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pan-demic globally,patients with chronic liver diseases(CLD),par-ticularly cirrhosis,hepatobiliary malignancies,candidates for liver transplantation(LT),and immunosuppressed LT recipients appear to be at increased risk of infections,which leads to an increase in mortality[1-6].Apart from physical distancing,quarantine and isolation,vaccination is crucial for the restraining of the epidemic and the protection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coron-avirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection and aggravation of COVID-19[7,8].A recent prospective,multicenter,open-label study in China has demonstrated the safety of inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with CLD.
基金This work was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2022M720420 and 2022TQ0031).
文摘Aqueous zinc(Zn)-ion batteries(AZIBs)present safe and environmentally friendly features thereby emerging as an attractive energy storage device.The V_(2)O_(5)-based cathodes are promising because of their high theoretical capacity and energy density.However,insufficient interlayer distance,easy dissolution and structural collapse due to irreversible crystalline phase transition limit the development of V_(2)O_(5)cathodes in AZIBs.Herein,doubly modified V_(2)O_(5)-based cathode which was in-situ intercalated by polyaniline(PANI)and composited with MXene(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x))(denoted PVM)were synthesized by one-step method for the first time.The in situ intercalation of PANI provides a channel for the rapid diffusion of Zn2+and the heterogeneous structures effectively promote charge transfer and enable structural integrity of cathode during cycling.Meanwhile,the conductivity of PVM electrode is greatly improved.Specifically,the PVM electrode shows a superior rate performance of 82 mAh·g^(-1)after 2000 cycles at 10 A·g^(-1).And it shows high pseudocapacitance behavior(80.23%capacitor contribution ratio at 0.1 mV·s^(-1)).A novel method of intercalation composite modification for the cathode is proposed,which provides fundamental guidance for the development of high-performance cathodes for AZIBs.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver transplantation(LT)is the most effective treatment strategy for advanced liver diseases.With the increasing survival rate and prolonged survival time,the postoperative long-term complications of LT recipients are becoming an important concern.Among them,the newly developed cancer after LT is the second complication and cause of LT-related death after cardiovascular disease.At present,few papers have reported multiple primary carcinomas(MPCs)after LT.Herein,we retrospectively analyzed an MPC case with gastric cancer and lung cancer after LT.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we retrospectively analyzed an MPC case with de novo gastric cancer and lung cancer after LT with no obvious complaints.Forty-one months after LT,the patient underwent radical distal gastrectomy(Billroth II)for intramucosal signet ring cell carcinoma,and then thoracoscopic wedge resection of the right lower lobe of the right lung and localized lymph node dissection 2 mo later.Therefore,paying attention to follow-up in LT recipients with early detection and intervention of de novo MPCs is the key to improving the survival rate and quality of life of LT recipients.CONCLUSION De novo MPCs after LT are rare,and the prognosis is poorer.However,early detection and related intervention can significantly improve the prognosis of patients.Therefore,we recommend that liver transplant recipients should be followed and screened for newly developed malignant tumors to improve the survival rate and quality of life.
基金supported by a grant from the“Clinical medicine+X”Foundation of Medical College of Qingdao Univer-sity(2017223)。
文摘To the Editor:Hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIG)combined with nucleos(t)ide analogues(NAs)has become the standard regimen for preventing recurrence of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in HBV-related liver transplant(LT)recipients.
基金supported by Shandong Province Social Science Popularization and Application Research Project(2021-SKZC-18)。
文摘Liver transplantation(LT)is considered one of the best treatments for patients with end-stage liver diseases.However,some patients with no significant clinical manifestations or abnormal laboratory tests still experience graft fibrosis during postoperative follow-up,which is often recognized by graft histopathology.Graft fibrosis can lead to graft dysfunction,thereby reducing the survival time of the recipient and even requiring retransplantation.Currently,noninvasive methods are widely applied in the assessment of hepatic and allograft fibrosis.Although both noninvasive diagnostic models based on laboratory examination indicators and elastography technology that can quantify liver stiffness have some value in the evaluation of fibrosis,the diagnostic accuracy and characteristics of these various methods vary and cannot replace liver biopsy completely.In recent years,some liver-protective drugs and proprietary Chinese traditional medicines have been proven to delay or reverse chronic liver fibrosis.Nevertheless,their efficacy and safety for LT recipients need to be further verified.This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of graft fibrosis after LT to provide a reference for improving the overall survival rate of LT recipients.
文摘To the Editor,Liver transplantation(LT)is the only curative therapy for patients with end‐stage liver disease.1 Due to the high incidence of metabolic syndrome after LT,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has gradually become an essential cause of post‐LT fibrosis.2 Liver fibrosis can progress to liver cirrhosis and carries the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which adversely affects long‐term survival after LT.3,4 Early detection and active intervention for liver fibrosis after LT are crucial in LT recipients.Previous studies have confirmed that transient elastography(TE)could accurately detect liver fibrosis in LT recipients by comparing TE with liver biopsy.
