Following the established application of deep brain stimulation(DBS)in the treatment of movement disorders,new non-neurological indications have emerged,such as for obsessive–compulsive disorders,major depressive dis...Following the established application of deep brain stimulation(DBS)in the treatment of movement disorders,new non-neurological indications have emerged,such as for obsessive–compulsive disorders,major depressive disorder,dementia,Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome,anorexia nervosa,and addictions.As DBS is a network mod-ulation surgical treatment,the development of DBS for both neurological and psychiatric disorders has been partly driven by advances in neuroimaging,which has helped explain the brain networks implicated.Advances in magnetic resonance imaging connectivity and electrophysiology have led to the development of the con-cept of modulating widely distributed,complex brain networks.Moreover,the increasing number of targets for treating psychiatric disorders have indicated that there may be a convergence of the effect of stimulating dif-ferent targets for the same disorder,and the effect of stimulating the same target for different disorders.The aim of this paper is to review the imaging studies of DBS for psychiatric disorders.Imaging,and particularly connectivity analysis,offers exceptional opportunities to better understand and even predict the clinical out-comes of DBS,especially where there is a lack of objective biomarkers that are essential to properly guide DBS pre-and post-operatively.In future,imaging might also prove useful to individualize DBS treatment.Finally,one of the most important aspects of imaging in DBS is that it allows us to better understand the brain through observing the changes of the functional connectome under neuromodulation,which may in turn help explain the mechanisms of action of DBS that remain elusive.展开更多
文摘Following the established application of deep brain stimulation(DBS)in the treatment of movement disorders,new non-neurological indications have emerged,such as for obsessive–compulsive disorders,major depressive disorder,dementia,Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome,anorexia nervosa,and addictions.As DBS is a network mod-ulation surgical treatment,the development of DBS for both neurological and psychiatric disorders has been partly driven by advances in neuroimaging,which has helped explain the brain networks implicated.Advances in magnetic resonance imaging connectivity and electrophysiology have led to the development of the con-cept of modulating widely distributed,complex brain networks.Moreover,the increasing number of targets for treating psychiatric disorders have indicated that there may be a convergence of the effect of stimulating dif-ferent targets for the same disorder,and the effect of stimulating the same target for different disorders.The aim of this paper is to review the imaging studies of DBS for psychiatric disorders.Imaging,and particularly connectivity analysis,offers exceptional opportunities to better understand and even predict the clinical out-comes of DBS,especially where there is a lack of objective biomarkers that are essential to properly guide DBS pre-and post-operatively.In future,imaging might also prove useful to individualize DBS treatment.Finally,one of the most important aspects of imaging in DBS is that it allows us to better understand the brain through observing the changes of the functional connectome under neuromodulation,which may in turn help explain the mechanisms of action of DBS that remain elusive.
