Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top lethal infectious diseases worldwide. In recent years, interferon-γ (INF-γ) release assays (IGRAs) have been established as routine tests for diagnosing TB infection. ...Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top lethal infectious diseases worldwide. In recent years, interferon-γ (INF-γ) release assays (IGRAs) have been established as routine tests for diagnosing TB infection. However, produced INF-γ assessment cannot permit to distinguish active ATB from latent TB infection (LTBI), especially in TB epidemic areas. In addition to IFN-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), secreted by activated T cells, is involved in immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This could be involved in the follow up of treatment response. The aim of our study was to determine IFN-γ and IL2 cytokines profiles of patients under antituberculosis treatment. Materials and Methods: A six months’ cross-sectional study was conducted at the Jamot Hospital of Yaoundé, from May to August 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical data as well as 5 mL of blood were collected from each participant. INF-γ and IL-2 were determined using indirect Enzyme linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and spectrum exam in combination with radiography and GeneXpert were used as standard. P-values Results: The results showed that men were more infected 14/61 (31.8%) with a high presence in active and resistant TB groups. The mean age was 41.3 ± 13.1 years with a 95% CI = [38.2 - 44.7], the age group with the highest infection rate was ranged between 31 and 40 years. The IL-2 and INF-γ means were respectively 327.6 ± 160.6 pg/mL and 26.6 ± 13.0 pg/mL in ATB patients, 251.1 ± 30.9 pg/mL and 21.4 ± 9.2 pg/mL in patients with resistant tuberculosis, while it was 149.3 ± 93.3 pg/mL and 17.9 ± 9.4 pg/mL in cured patients, 15.1 ± 8.4 pg/mL and 5.3 ± 2.6 pg/mL in participants presumed healthy (p γ and IL-2rates were observed between the different groups. Conclusion: Monitoring the serum levels of INF-γ and IL-2 would be useful for the follow-up of anti-tuberculosis patients, particularly in the both cytokines association case.展开更多
Nasal carriage of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> has been identified as a risk factor for the development of staphylococcal infections caused by endogenous colonizing strains. Information on the genotypic di...Nasal carriage of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> has been identified as a risk factor for the development of staphylococcal infections caused by endogenous colonizing strains. Information on the genotypic diversity of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is relevant for managing epidemiological and clinical challenges resulting from the evolutionary differences of this bacterium. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the molecular diversity of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates from three high-risk populations in Yaounde, Cameroon. Molecular analysis confirmed that 95% of 100 tested isolates were <i>S. aureus</i>. The <i>mec</i>A and Panton Valentine-Leukocidin (PVL) genes (<i>lukS/F-PV</i>) were detected in 37% (35/95) and 43% (41/95) of isolates respectively and 18% (17/95) of the isolates harboured both the <i>mec</i>A and <i>lukS/F-PV</i> genes. A mixed distribution of both methicillin sensitive <i>S. aureus</i> (MSSA)/PVL and methicillin resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA)/PVL strains were detected within the study population. Community associated MRSA accounted for 94% (33/35) of the isolates, further classified into allotypes SCC<i>mec</i> type IV 54% (19/35) and SCC<i>mec</i> type V 40% (14/35), while two isolates were hospital associated SCC<i>mec</i> type II strains. A majority of the isolates harboured a single aggressive gene regulator allele <i>agr</i> type I. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) generated 18 pulsotypes that grouped isolates irrespective of the study population. Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) of 12 selected isolates was assigned to six pandemic clonal complexes (CC): CC5 (ST5), CC8 [ST8, (n = 3)], CC15 (ST 15), CC25 (ST 25), CC72 [ST72 (n = 2)] and CC121 [ST 121 (n = 2)] and three atypical sequence types ST 508, ST 699 (CC45) and ST 1289 (CC 88). The study population represents an important reservoir for MRSA, MRSA-PVL and MSSA-PVL which could serve as focal point for further dissemination bringing about significant clinical and epidemiological implications. The predominance of SCC<i>mec</i> IV and <i>agr</i> types in this setting warrants further investigation. Isolates were genetically diverse with MLST indicating that pandemic ST8 was predominant. Detection of atypical STs has provided an insight into the necessity for constant monitoring.展开更多
文摘Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top lethal infectious diseases worldwide. In recent years, interferon-γ (INF-γ) release assays (IGRAs) have been established as routine tests for diagnosing TB infection. However, produced INF-γ assessment cannot permit to distinguish active ATB from latent TB infection (LTBI), especially in TB epidemic areas. In addition to IFN-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), secreted by activated T cells, is involved in immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This could be involved in the follow up of treatment response. The aim of our study was to determine IFN-γ and IL2 cytokines profiles of patients under antituberculosis treatment. Materials and Methods: A six months’ cross-sectional study was conducted at the Jamot Hospital of Yaoundé, from May to August 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical data as well as 5 mL of blood were collected from each participant. INF-γ and IL-2 were determined using indirect Enzyme linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and spectrum exam in combination with radiography and GeneXpert were used as standard. P-values Results: The results showed that men were more infected 14/61 (31.8%) with a high presence in active and resistant TB groups. The mean age was 41.3 ± 13.1 years with a 95% CI = [38.2 - 44.7], the age group with the highest infection rate was ranged between 31 and 40 years. The IL-2 and INF-γ means were respectively 327.6 ± 160.6 pg/mL and 26.6 ± 13.0 pg/mL in ATB patients, 251.1 ± 30.9 pg/mL and 21.4 ± 9.2 pg/mL in patients with resistant tuberculosis, while it was 149.3 ± 93.3 pg/mL and 17.9 ± 9.4 pg/mL in cured patients, 15.1 ± 8.4 pg/mL and 5.3 ± 2.6 pg/mL in participants presumed healthy (p γ and IL-2rates were observed between the different groups. Conclusion: Monitoring the serum levels of INF-γ and IL-2 would be useful for the follow-up of anti-tuberculosis patients, particularly in the both cytokines association case.
文摘Nasal carriage of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> has been identified as a risk factor for the development of staphylococcal infections caused by endogenous colonizing strains. Information on the genotypic diversity of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is relevant for managing epidemiological and clinical challenges resulting from the evolutionary differences of this bacterium. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the molecular diversity of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates from three high-risk populations in Yaounde, Cameroon. Molecular analysis confirmed that 95% of 100 tested isolates were <i>S. aureus</i>. The <i>mec</i>A and Panton Valentine-Leukocidin (PVL) genes (<i>lukS/F-PV</i>) were detected in 37% (35/95) and 43% (41/95) of isolates respectively and 18% (17/95) of the isolates harboured both the <i>mec</i>A and <i>lukS/F-PV</i> genes. A mixed distribution of both methicillin sensitive <i>S. aureus</i> (MSSA)/PVL and methicillin resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA)/PVL strains were detected within the study population. Community associated MRSA accounted for 94% (33/35) of the isolates, further classified into allotypes SCC<i>mec</i> type IV 54% (19/35) and SCC<i>mec</i> type V 40% (14/35), while two isolates were hospital associated SCC<i>mec</i> type II strains. A majority of the isolates harboured a single aggressive gene regulator allele <i>agr</i> type I. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) generated 18 pulsotypes that grouped isolates irrespective of the study population. Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) of 12 selected isolates was assigned to six pandemic clonal complexes (CC): CC5 (ST5), CC8 [ST8, (n = 3)], CC15 (ST 15), CC25 (ST 25), CC72 [ST72 (n = 2)] and CC121 [ST 121 (n = 2)] and three atypical sequence types ST 508, ST 699 (CC45) and ST 1289 (CC 88). The study population represents an important reservoir for MRSA, MRSA-PVL and MSSA-PVL which could serve as focal point for further dissemination bringing about significant clinical and epidemiological implications. The predominance of SCC<i>mec</i> IV and <i>agr</i> types in this setting warrants further investigation. Isolates were genetically diverse with MLST indicating that pandemic ST8 was predominant. Detection of atypical STs has provided an insight into the necessity for constant monitoring.
