Gut dysbiosis aggravates cognitive deficits,amyloid pathology and lipid metabolism dysregulation in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Gut dysbiosis,a well-known risk factor to triggers the progression of Alzheimer's disease(AD),is strongly associated with metabolic disturbance.Trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO),produced in the dietary choline metabolism,has been found to accelerate neurodegeneration in AD pathology.In this study,the cognitive function and gut microbiota of TgCRND8(Tg)mice of different ages were evaluated by Morris water maze task(MWMT)and 16S rRNA sequencing,respectively.Young pseudo germ-free(PGF)Tg mice that received faecal microbiota transplants from aged Tg mice and wild-type(WT)mice were selected to determine the role of the gut microbiota in the process of neuropathology.Excessive choline treatment for Tg mice was used to investigate the role of abnormal choline metabolism on the cognitive functions.Our results showed that gut dysbiosis,neuroinflammation response,Ab deposition,tau hyperphosphorylation,TMAO overproduction and cyclin-dependent kinase 5(CDK5)/transcription 3(STAT3)activation occurred in Tg mice age-dependently.Disordered microbiota of aged Tg mice accelerated AD pathology in young Tg mice,with the activation of CDK5/STAT3 signaling in the brains.On the contrary,faecal microbiota transplantation from WT mice alleviated the cognitive deficits,attenuated neuroinflammation,Ab deposition,tau hyperphosphorylation,TMAO overproduction and suppressed CDK5/STAT3 pathway activation in Tg mice.Moreover,excessive choline treatment was also shown to aggravate the cognitive deficits,Ab deposition,neuroinflammation and CDK5/STAT3 pathway activation.These findings provide a novel insight into the interaction between gut dysbiosis and AD progression,clarifying the important roles of gut microbiota-derived substances such as TMAO in AD neuropathology.

缺磷抑制拟南芥对镉的吸收

以野生型拟南芥Col-0和铁转运蛋白缺失突变体irt1为试验材料,设置缺磷无镉处理(-P-Cd)、缺磷加镉处理(-P+Cd)、正常供磷无镉处理(+P-Cd)和正常供磷加镉处理(+P+Cd),研究缺磷对拟南芥镉吸收的影响。结果表明:40μmol·L^-1镉处理条件下,与正常供磷相比,缺磷处理显著提高了Col-0拟南芥叶片的叶绿素相对含量和植株干质量,缓解了镉对拟南芥Col-0的毒害;缺磷处理降低了Col-0植株体内的镉含量,并抑制了根中铁转运蛋白基因IRT1的表达;在irt1突变体中,缺磷处理虽然也降低了植株体内的镉含量,但降低幅度显著低于Col-0植株。因此,推测IRT1基因在缺磷抑制拟南芥对镉的吸收、缓解镉毒害中起作用。

彩色水稻研究与利用现状

彩色水稻赏食兼顾,为农业、旅游、教育及文化的多元融合提供了新途径。赏食兼用型彩色水稻的研究与选育适宜创意农业发展,可推动农旅结合。本文综述了彩色水稻种质创制、主要类型、突变机制以及代表性应用,并探讨了彩色水稻未来的发展趋势。

After cochlear implantation: Complications related to flap around implants

Objective: To report complications related to flap around implants after cochlear implantation, possible causes of such complications and treatments. Methods and material:We performed a retrospective analysis of children in whom complications related to flap around implants occurred after undergoing cochlear implantation in our department from 2005 to 2016. Results:Complications among 1500 cochlear implantation (CI) recipients by the same surgeon included hematoma (n ? 20) and seroma around implants (n ? 15), of which most (n ? 10) recovered in 2 weeks after effective drainage, utility of antibiotics and pressure dressing, but 5 developed flap necrosis and had to undergo contralateral re-implantation. Four patients developed abscess around implants, of whom 2 recovered after 2 weeks of drainage, gentamicin irrigation and use of antibiotics, but 2 patients ended up with flap necrosis and had to receive contralateral reimplantation. Conclusions: Immediate drainage, pressure dressing and antibiotics can be used to effectively control seroma around implants. For seroma lasting for more than two weeks without improvement, surgical drainage may be need.

Cochlear implantation outcomes in children with common cavity deformity;a retrospective study

Objective: A common cavity deformity(CCD) is a deformed inner ear in which the cochlea and vestibule are confluent forming a common rudimentary cystic cavity that results in profound hearing loss. There are few studies paying attention to common cavity. Our group is engrossed in observing the improvement of auditory and verbal abilities in children who have received cochlear implantation(CI), and comparing these targets between children with common cavity and normal inner ear structure.Material and methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 12 patients with profound hearing loss that were divided into a common cavity group and a control group, six in each group matched in sex, age and time of implantation, based on inner ear structure. Categories of Auditory Performance(CAP) and speech intelligibility rating(SIR) scores and aided hearing thresholds were collected and compared between the two groups. All patients wore CI for more than 1 year at the Cochlear Center of Anhui Medical University from 2011 to 2015.Results: Postoperative CAP and SIR scores were higher than before operation in both groups(p < 0.05), although the scores were lower in the CCD group than in the control group(p < 0.05). The aided threshold was also lower in the control group than in the CCD group(p < 0.05).Conclusion: Even though audiological improvement in children with CCD was not as good as in those without CCD, CI provides benefits in auditory perception and communication skills in these children.

Relationship between pore structure and hydration activity of CaO from carbide slag

CaO needs to show high activity to be used as Ca-sorbent and slagging agent. Hydration activity is an important characteristic to evaluate the activity of CaO. In this study, carbide slag from polyvinyl chloride(PVC) industry was utilized as precursor for preparing high activity CaO. The roles of crystallite grain, average pore diameter(APD) and volume fraction of pore b 200 nm in diameter(VF200) in hydration activity of CaO from carbide slag(CS-CaO)were respectively investigated. The hydrolysis kinetics model of CaO shows a three-dimensional spherically symmetric diffusion model(D4), which suggests that hydration activity was mainly associated with APD and VF200 of CS-CaO with limited correlation to the crystal size. Specifically, the hydration activity of CS-CaO is increased with increasing VF200, while decreased with increasing APD. Under the invariable calcination temperature,the core–shell structure formed by the addition of graphite or Ca CO3 to CS effectively inhibits the sintering of CS-CaO and improves VF200. Consequently, the hydration activity of CS-CaO increased from 22.79 ℃·min^-1 to27.19 ℃·min^-1 and to 29.27 ℃·min^-1, with addition of 5% graphite or 5% CaCO3 into carbide slag, respectively.

回收式自体输血对剖宫产产妇凝血功能影响的研究

目的探讨输注不同剂量自体血对剖宫产产妇凝血功能的影响。方法选取2017-01/2018-06期间因前置胎盘或胎盘植入而剖宫产并在术中回收式自体输血的产妇32例,年龄20~45岁,平均年龄(30.3±2.5)岁,体质量50~85 kg,平均体质量(60.2±10.3)kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,分别于麻醉前(T_0),回输前(T_(1)),回输后10 min(T_(2)),回输后24 h(T_(3)),采集血液标本进行凝血功能和血栓弹力图(TEG)检测评估凝血功能,根据自体血回输量800 mL分为自体血回输量<800 mL和自体血回输量≥800 mL进行结果分析。结果32例未输注异体血或者血浆的剖宫产产妇纳入最后统计分析。其中22例自体血回输量<800 mL的产妇:T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)时,血小板(Plt)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)组间比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),反应时间(R)、凝固时间(K)、最大振幅(MA)、αAngle值组间比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);与T_(1)时比较,T_(2)和T_(3)的血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(Hct)较高(P<0.05)。T_0、T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)时,R、K、MA、αAngle值组间比较均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与T_0时比较,T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)的Plt、Fib值较小(P<0.05),PT、APTT比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);与T_(1)时比较,T_0、T_(2)、T_(3)的Hb、Hct较高(P<0.05);T_0、T_(2)、T_(3)的Hb、Hct组间比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。10例自体血回输量≥800 mL的产妇:T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)时,Plt、PT、APTT、Fib组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),R、K、MA、αAngle值组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与T_(1)时比较,T_(2)、T_(3)的Hb、Hct较高(P<0.05)。与T_0时比较,T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)的Hb、Hct、Plt、Fib值较低,PT、APTT值较高(P<0.05),R、K值较大,MA、αAngle值较小(P<0.05)。结论回收式自体输血量的大小可能会影响剖宫产产妇凝血功能,其中自体血回输量≥800 mL的产妇需要补充相应的凝血物质。

ZNF217 expression correlates with the biological behavior of human ovarian cancer cells

The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation of zinc-finger protein 217 （ZNF217） gone ex- pression with the biological behavior of human ovarian cancer HO-8910 cells. Methods： The expression of ZNF217 in ovarian carcinoma cell line：s was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The biological behaviors of the transfectants were investigated by MTT, in vitro Boyden chamber and in vivo invasion assay, respectively. Results： RT-PCR and Western blotting revealed that transfection of ZNF217 into the HO-8910 cells significantly increased their proliferation along with mark- edly enhanced in vitro and in vivo invasion and metastatic abilities. MTT assay showed that the proliferation ability of pEGFP- N1-ZNF217/HO-8910 cells was significantly higher than that of pEGFP-N1/HO-8910 cells and HO-8910 cells （P 〈 0.001）. The Boyden chamber assay showed that the numbers of migrating pEGFP-N1-ZNF217/HO-8910, pEGFP-N1/HO-8910 and HO-8910 cells were （141.25 ± 13.91） cells/200 x field, （82.50 ± 11.73） cells/200 × field and （81.75 ± 12.12） cells/200 x field, respectively, with a significant difference between them （F = 29.274, P 〈 0.001）. The nude mouse experiment showed that the in vivo tumor formation ability of pEGFP-N1-ZNF217/HO-8910 cells was significantly higher than that of pEGFP-N1/HO-8910 cells （P 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Based on these clinical and laboratory observations, we conclude that ZNF217 may contribute to ovarian cancer invasion and metastasis, and associated with worse clinical outcomes. We evaluated ZNF217＇s role as a biomarker of ovarian carcinogenesis and tumor progression in patient samples and explored possible molecular mechanisms in promoting tumor growth and invasion.

烧结矿二元碱度对低温还原粉化性能的影响

以二元碱度为变量,通过调整配矿方案,研究了不同碱度下,烧结矿的显微组织及低温还原粉化指数的变化。结果表明,随着烧结矿碱度的增加,其低温还原粉化指数先升高后降低;当碱度为1.79～2.18时,烧结矿的物相组成为单一且性能良好的针状铁酸钙,低温还原粉化指数RDI_(+3.15)较高。实际生产中,可按此碱度范围进行配矿。

冲压用钢中大型夹杂物的研究

采用大样电解法对冲压用钢铸坯中大型夹杂物进行了研究,分析了大型夹杂物粒径分布规律,并利用扫描电镜分析了夹杂物的类型。研究结果表明,大型夹杂物主要为复合型夹杂物,其粒径主要分布在140~300μm之间。同时大部分夹杂物都含有少量的K、Na、Mg、Ti元素,其主要来自钢水的脱氧产物、卷渣、卷入引流砂以及钢包炉的内衬侵蚀等4个途径。生产中,应确保吹氩时间,保证脱氧产物充分上浮;避免结晶器液面波动,减少结晶器卷渣;钢包开浇时尽可能移除引流砂,减少大型夹杂物。

马口铁基料生产工艺的控制研究

介绍了马口铁的用途及其基板的生产现状,分析了影响马口铁基料性能的主要因素,并提出了化学成分、卷取温度和表面质量控制要点。通过优化化学成分和卷取温度,控制粗轧立辊使用周期等措施,满足了下游用户的质量要求。

中国樱桃花芽休眠相关MADS-box基因的克隆与功能初探

中国樱桃(Prunus pseudocerasus)花芽具有典型的休眠现象,足够的低温积累被认为是诱导其休眠解除的关键因素之一。本研究利用3′RACE技术克隆了一个MADS-box转录因子编码基因。利用生物信息学方法分析了该基因的开放阅读框、氨基酸理化性质以及保守基序等,发现该基因编码4个保守基序,其中一个为高度保守的MADS-box,位于N端,属于MADS-box转录因子家族典型结构,且氨基酸序列与桃(P. persica)和梅(P.mume)的DAM6 (dormancy-associated MADS-box)以及拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的SVP和AGL24具有较高的相似性,据此,将其命名为PpcDAM6。利用Real-time PCR分析发现,在低温积累过程中, PpcDAM6基因明显受低温诱导表达,在需冷量满足之前上调表达,在365 CU处表达量最高,随后下调,在生态休眠期表达量较低。为进一步研究该基因对植物生长发育的影响,构建了35S启动子驱动PpcDAM6基因表达的超表达载体。利用沾花法将该基因转入拟南芥中,发现超量表达PpcDAM6基因的种子萌发明显受到抑制。基因表达分析和种子萌发实验结果表明, PpcDAM6基因在樱桃花芽休眠及休眠解除过程中可能发挥重要的调控作用。

A Real-world Prospective Study of Mother-to-child Transmission of HBV in China Using a Mobile Health Application (Shield 01)

Background and Aims:The World Health Organization(WHO)Western Pacific Region set a target of eliminating mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of hepatitis B virus(HBV)by 2030.To assess the feasibility of this target in China,we carried out an epidemiological study to investigate the status quo of MTCT in the real-world setting.Methods:One thousand and eight hepatitis B surface antigen-positive preg-nant women were enrolled at 10 hospitals.Immunoprophy-laxis was administered to infants.In addition,mothers with HBV DNA level>2,000,000 IU/mL were advised to initiate antiviral therapy during late pregnancy.A health application called SHIELD was used to manage the study.Results:Nine hundred and five of the enrolled mothers,with 924 infants,completed the follow-up.Birth-dose hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin were received by 99.7%and 99.7%of infants,respectively,within 24 h after birth.There ;were 446 mothers who received antiviral therapy,including 72.3%of the mothers with HBV DNA level>2,000,000 IU/mL and 21.0%of the mothers with HBV DNA level<2,000,000 IU/mL.Eight infants were infected with HBV.The overall rate of MTCT was 0.9%.Birth defects were rare(0.5%among in-fants with maternal antiviral exposure versus 0.7%among infants without exposure;p=1.00).Conclusions:The MTCT rate was lower than the WHO Western Pacific Region elimina-tion MTCT target in this real-world study,indicating that a comprehensive management composed of immunoprophy-laxis to infants and antiviral prophylaxis to mothers may be a feasible strategy to achieve the 2030 WHO elimination goal.

Characterization of char from high temperature fluidized bed coal pyrolysis in complex atmospheres

The physiochemical properties of chars produced by coal pyrolysis in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor with a continuous coal feed and char discharge at temperatures of 750 to 980 ~ C under N2-based atmospheres containing 02, H2, CO, CH4, and CO2 were studied. The specific surface area of the char was found to decrease with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The interlayer spacing of the char also decreased, while the average stacking height and carbon crystal size increased at higher temperatures, suggesting that the char generated at high temperatures had a highly ordered structure. The char obtained using an ER value of 0.064 exhibited the highest specific surface area and oxidation reactivity. Rela- tively high 02 concentrations degraded the pore structure of the char, decreasing the surface area. The char produced in an atmosphere incorporating H2 showed a more condensed crystalline structure and consequently had lower oxidation reactivity.

Porous carbon from vinegar lees for phenol adsorption

An effective technology for utilizing vinegar lees （VL）, a biomass waste generated during its production, is much needed in China due to the huge consumption of vinegar. This study investigates the preparation of porous carbon （PC） from VL, now reporting on the adsorption capability of PC in removing phenol from its aqueous solution. The preparation of PC consists of carbonization of VL in N2 and activation in CO2. The results show that the optimal activation temperature and time in CO2 for VL char carbonized at 800 ℃ were 875 ℃ and 1 h, respectively. The PC prepared was found to have large specific surface area and micropore volume, with an adsorptive capacity for phenol from its aqueous solution much higher than that of commercial coconut shell activated carbon （CSAC）. Adsorption of phenol from its aqueous solution by the VL-based PC was found to follow the isothermal Langmuir equation.

Study on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the isocorydine derivative (AICD) in rats by HPLC-DAD method

A simple and effective high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection method coupled with a liquid liquid extraction pretreatment has been developed for determining the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of a novel structurally modified derivative (8-acetamino-isocorydine) of isocorydine. According to the in vivo experiments data calculations by DAS 2.0 software, a two compartment metabolic model was suitable for describing the pharmacokinetic of 8-acetaminoiso-corydine in rats. 8-Acetamino-isocorydine was absorbed well after oral administration, and the absolute bioavailability was 76.5%. The half-life of 8-acetamino-isocorydine after intravenous and oral administration was 2.2 h and 2.0 h, respectively. In Oro, 8-acetamino-isocorydine was highly distributed in the lungs, kidney and liver; however, relatively little entered the brain, suggesting that 8-acetaminoisocorydine could not easily pass through the blood brain bather. Our work describes the first characterization of the pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue distribution of 8-acetamino-isocorydine. The acquired data will provide useful infonnation for the in vivo pharmacology of 8-acetaminoisocorydine, and can he applied to new drug research. (C) 2015 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia IMedica, Chinese Academy of 'Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

Prognostic significance of clinicopathologic parameters in gastrointestinal stromal tumors:a study of 156 cases

The biological behavior of gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are highly variable.To invest-igate the biological behavior of GIST,we collected 83 cases of gastric and 62 cases of small intestinal GIST from the Department of Pathology of the Chinese PLA General Hospital.The parameters include age,primary tumor location,tumor diameter,mitotic index,tumor necrosis,risk assessment,clinical stage and the c-kit exon 11 muta-tion.All these were analyzed in 105 cases along with the follow-up data and tested by log rank and COX hazard proportional model.We find that the average age of gast-ric GIST was 55.4 years.Of the 62 cases that were fol-lowed up,17 cases had metastasis or recurrence and the 5-year survival rate was(66.51±17.06)%.For the small intestinal GIST,the average age was 50.6 years and 43 cases were followed up.Of these,22 cases had meta-stasis or recurrence and the 5-year survival rate was(61.76±18.30)%.Small intestinal GIST was more fre-quently associated with metastasis and tumor relapse than gastric GIST(x^(2)=56.131,P=0.013).For gastric GIST,patients younger than 50 years(P=0.046),the advanced clinical stage(P=0.0001),the large tumor diameter(P=0.0001),a high mitotic index(P=0.0001),necrosis(P=0.0001)and a high risk grade(P=0.004)were all correlated with a lower survival rate.The COX hazard proportional model revealed that advanced clinical stage(P=0.001),large tumor size(P=0.001),a high mitotic index(P=0.002)and the high risk grade(P=0.018)indi-cated a poorer prognosis in gastric GIST.For small intest-inal GIST,necrosis(P=0.036)and advanced clinical stage(P=0.010)were associated with lower survival rates and the clinical stage was shown to be an independent prognostic indicator.A total of 25 cases harbored muta-tions in c-kit exon 11.The frequency of c-kit mutation was 32%and 22.5%for gastric and small intestinal GIST,respectively.In gastric GIST,the mutated c-kit was pre-dominant in patients older than 50 years of age.But in the small intestinal GIST,the mutated c-kit was predominant in the age group of 40-49 years.In conclusion,for gastric GIST,clinical stage,tumor size,mitotic index,and risk grade are the prognostic indicators.For small intestinal GIST,necrosis and clinical stage are the prognostic indi-cators.Small intestinal GIST are more aggressive than gastric GIST.The occurrence of c-kit mutation may cor-relate with the age of patients.

CTGNet: Automatic Analysis of Fetal Heart Rate from Cardiotocograph Using Artificial Intelligence

Objective:This study investigates the efficacy of analyzing fetal heart rate(FHR)signals based on Artificial Intelligence to obtain a baseline calculation and identify accelerations/decelerations in the FHR through electronic fetal monitoring during labor.Methods:A total of 43,888 cardiotocograph(CTG)records of female patients in labor from January 2012 to December 2020 were collected from the NanFang Hospital of Southern Medical University.After filtering the data,2341 FHR records were used for the study.The ObVue fetal monitoring system,manufactured by Lian-Med Technology Co.Ltd.,was used to monitor the FHR signals for these pregnant women from the beginning of the first stage of labor to the end of delivery.Two obstetric experts together annotated the FHR signals in the system to determine the baseline as well as accelerations/decelerations of the FHR.Our cardiotocograph network(CTGNet)as well as traditional methods were then used to automatically analyze the baseline and acceleration/deceleration of the FHR signals.The results of calculations were compared with the annotations provided by the obstetric experts,and ten-fold cross-validation was applied to evaluate them.The root-mean-square difference(RMSD)between the baselines,acceleration F-measure(Acc.F-measure),deceleration F-measure(Dec.F-measure),coefficient of synthetic inconsistency(SI)and the morphological analysis discordance index(MADI)were used as evaluation metrics.The data were analyzed by using a pairedt-test.Results:The proposed CTGNet was superior to the best traditional method,proposed by Mantel,in terms of the RMSD.BL(1.7935±0.8099vs.2.0293±0.9267,t=-3.55,P=0.004),Acc.F-measure(86.8562±10.9422vs.72.2367±14.2096,t=12.43,P<0.001),Dec.F-measure(72.1038±33.2592vs.58.5040±38.0276,t=4.10,P<0.001),SI(34.8277±20.9595vs.54.8049±25.0265,t=-9.39,P<0.001),and MADI(3.1741±1.9901vs.3.7289±2.7253,t=-2.74,P=0.012).The proposed CTGNet thus had significant advantages over the best traditional method on all evaluation metrics.Conclusion:The proposed Artificial Intelligence-based method CTGNet delivers good performance in terms of the automatic analysis of FHR based on cardiotocograph data.It promises to be a key component of smart obstetrics systems of the future.