Cotton breeding for the development of early-maturing varieties is an effective way to improve multiple cropping indexes and alleviate the conflict between grains and cotton in the cultivated fields in China.In the pr...Cotton breeding for the development of early-maturing varieties is an effective way to improve multiple cropping indexes and alleviate the conflict between grains and cotton in the cultivated fields in China.In the present study,we aimed to identify upland cotton quantitative trait loci(QTLs)and candidate genes related to early-maturity traits,including whole growth period(WGP),flowering timing(FT),node of the first fruiting branch(NFFB),height of the node of the first fruiting branch(HNFFB),and plant height(PH).An early-maturing variety,CCRI50,and a latematuring variety,Guoxinmian 11,were crossed to obtain biparental populations.These populations were used to map QTLs for the early-maturity traits for two years(2020 and 2021).With BSA-seq analysis based on the data of population 2020,the candidate regions related to early maturity were found to be located on chromosome D03.We then developed 22 polymorphic insertions or deletions(InDel)markers to further narrow down the candidate regions,resulting in the detection of five and four QTLs in the 2020 and 2021 populations,respectively.According to the results of QTL mapping,two candidate regions(InDel_G286-InDel_G144 and InDel_G24-InDel_G43)were detected.In these regions,three genes(GH_D03G0451,GH_D03G0649,and GH_D03G1180)have nonsynonymous mutations in their exons and one gene(GH_D03G0450)has SNP variations in the upstream sequence between CCRI50 and Guoxinmian 11.These four genes also showed dominant expression in the floral organs.The expression levels of GH_D03G0451,GH_D03G0649 and GH_D03G1180 were significantly higher in CCRI50 than in Guoxinmian 11 during the bud differentiation stages,while GH_D03G0450 showed the opposite trend.Further functional verification of GH_D03G0451 indicated that the GH_D03G0451-silenced plants showed a delay in the flowering time.The results suggest that these are the candidate genes for cotton early maturity,and they may be used for breeding early-maturity cotton varieties.展开更多
地网是多普勒甚高频全向信标(Doppler very high frequency omni-directional range,DVOR)天线系统的重要组成部分,其常规架高及直径分别为5 m左右和30.5 m。随着城市化进程的持续推进,越来越多DVOR台站的环境正在急剧恶化,一些民航单...地网是多普勒甚高频全向信标(Doppler very high frequency omni-directional range,DVOR)天线系统的重要组成部分,其常规架高及直径分别为5 m左右和30.5 m。随着城市化进程的持续推进,越来越多DVOR台站的环境正在急剧恶化,一些民航单位尝试将地网架高和地网直径同时增大,以减少周围建筑物对DVOR信标辐射性能的影响,但这些非常规架设地网对DVOR台辐射特性的影响缺乏理论分析,对这类地网的架设缺乏理论指导。结合DVOR系统的天线特征及馈电特点,基于物理光学法获得了包括直射场、地面反射场及地网散射场在内的DVOR辐射场,在此基础上,依据国际民航组织(International Civil Aviation Organization,ICAO)“附件10”的要求,给出了非常规架设地网时DVOR顶空盲区,以及不同飞行高度所对应的最远水平作用距离之内场强分布的求解方法,并进行了相应仿真实验。实验结果表明,若地网直径保持常规的30.5 m,对于非常规架高地网的DVOR信标,其垂直辐射特性不会出现多瓣现象,顶空盲区不会受到影响,在ICAO规定的不同飞行高度所对应最远水平作用距离之内的场强大小满足要求;但当地网架高增大到大于等于30 m时,即使将地网直径增大到50 m,也难以满足“附件10”规定的水平覆盖场强要求。研究成果可为非常规架设地网DVOR信标台的建设提供相应理论支持。展开更多
多普勒甚高频全向信标(DVOR)是民用航空重要的测向导航系统,快速准确完成其空间辐射场性能参数的监视是保障DVOR安全运行的前提。在给出利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)提取DVOR空间辐射场性能参数及监视流程的基础上,详细阐述了利用FFT提取相...多普勒甚高频全向信标(DVOR)是民用航空重要的测向导航系统,快速准确完成其空间辐射场性能参数的监视是保障DVOR安全运行的前提。在给出利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)提取DVOR空间辐射场性能参数及监视流程的基础上,详细阐述了利用FFT提取相应性能参数的解算过程,提出了利用FFT检测DVOR调频副载波“缺口”的方法,并给出了相应理论基础。仿真实验表明,利用FFT能快速高精度地提取相应性能参数。通过改变无“缺口”时调频副载波的振幅进行多次实验,验证了所提“缺口”检测方法的可行性,并获得判决“缺口”的基本准则,即当调频副载波在10080 Hz处的幅值比无“缺口”时的调频副载波幅度下降5.1 d BV时,便可判断调频副载波出现“缺口”。展开更多
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(2022D01B222)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-15-06)the Key R&D Project of Eight Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,China(2021NY01)。
文摘Cotton breeding for the development of early-maturing varieties is an effective way to improve multiple cropping indexes and alleviate the conflict between grains and cotton in the cultivated fields in China.In the present study,we aimed to identify upland cotton quantitative trait loci(QTLs)and candidate genes related to early-maturity traits,including whole growth period(WGP),flowering timing(FT),node of the first fruiting branch(NFFB),height of the node of the first fruiting branch(HNFFB),and plant height(PH).An early-maturing variety,CCRI50,and a latematuring variety,Guoxinmian 11,were crossed to obtain biparental populations.These populations were used to map QTLs for the early-maturity traits for two years(2020 and 2021).With BSA-seq analysis based on the data of population 2020,the candidate regions related to early maturity were found to be located on chromosome D03.We then developed 22 polymorphic insertions or deletions(InDel)markers to further narrow down the candidate regions,resulting in the detection of five and four QTLs in the 2020 and 2021 populations,respectively.According to the results of QTL mapping,two candidate regions(InDel_G286-InDel_G144 and InDel_G24-InDel_G43)were detected.In these regions,three genes(GH_D03G0451,GH_D03G0649,and GH_D03G1180)have nonsynonymous mutations in their exons and one gene(GH_D03G0450)has SNP variations in the upstream sequence between CCRI50 and Guoxinmian 11.These four genes also showed dominant expression in the floral organs.The expression levels of GH_D03G0451,GH_D03G0649 and GH_D03G1180 were significantly higher in CCRI50 than in Guoxinmian 11 during the bud differentiation stages,while GH_D03G0450 showed the opposite trend.Further functional verification of GH_D03G0451 indicated that the GH_D03G0451-silenced plants showed a delay in the flowering time.The results suggest that these are the candidate genes for cotton early maturity,and they may be used for breeding early-maturity cotton varieties.
文摘地网是多普勒甚高频全向信标(Doppler very high frequency omni-directional range,DVOR)天线系统的重要组成部分,其常规架高及直径分别为5 m左右和30.5 m。随着城市化进程的持续推进,越来越多DVOR台站的环境正在急剧恶化,一些民航单位尝试将地网架高和地网直径同时增大,以减少周围建筑物对DVOR信标辐射性能的影响,但这些非常规架设地网对DVOR台辐射特性的影响缺乏理论分析,对这类地网的架设缺乏理论指导。结合DVOR系统的天线特征及馈电特点,基于物理光学法获得了包括直射场、地面反射场及地网散射场在内的DVOR辐射场,在此基础上,依据国际民航组织(International Civil Aviation Organization,ICAO)“附件10”的要求,给出了非常规架设地网时DVOR顶空盲区,以及不同飞行高度所对应的最远水平作用距离之内场强分布的求解方法,并进行了相应仿真实验。实验结果表明,若地网直径保持常规的30.5 m,对于非常规架高地网的DVOR信标,其垂直辐射特性不会出现多瓣现象,顶空盲区不会受到影响,在ICAO规定的不同飞行高度所对应最远水平作用距离之内的场强大小满足要求;但当地网架高增大到大于等于30 m时,即使将地网直径增大到50 m,也难以满足“附件10”规定的水平覆盖场强要求。研究成果可为非常规架设地网DVOR信标台的建设提供相应理论支持。
文摘多普勒甚高频全向信标(DVOR)是民用航空重要的测向导航系统,快速准确完成其空间辐射场性能参数的监视是保障DVOR安全运行的前提。在给出利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)提取DVOR空间辐射场性能参数及监视流程的基础上,详细阐述了利用FFT提取相应性能参数的解算过程,提出了利用FFT检测DVOR调频副载波“缺口”的方法,并给出了相应理论基础。仿真实验表明,利用FFT能快速高精度地提取相应性能参数。通过改变无“缺口”时调频副载波的振幅进行多次实验,验证了所提“缺口”检测方法的可行性,并获得判决“缺口”的基本准则,即当调频副载波在10080 Hz处的幅值比无“缺口”时的调频副载波幅度下降5.1 d BV时,便可判断调频副载波出现“缺口”。
