Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection Based on Spatial-Temporal Network and Transformer in Industrial Internet of Things

In the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT),sensors generate time series data to reflect the working state.When the systems are attacked,timely identification of outliers in time series is critical to ensure security.Although many anomaly detection methods have been proposed,the temporal correlation of the time series over the same sensor and the state(spatial)correlation between different sensors are rarely considered simultaneously in these methods.Owing to the superior capability of Transformer in learning time series features.This paper proposes a time series anomaly detection method based on a spatial-temporal network and an improved Transformer.Additionally,the methods based on graph neural networks typically include a graph structure learning module and an anomaly detection module,which are interdependent.However,in the initial phase of training,since neither of the modules has reached an optimal state,their performance may influence each other.This scenario makes the end-to-end training approach hard to effectively direct the learning trajectory of each module.This interdependence between the modules,coupled with the initial instability,may cause the model to find it hard to find the optimal solution during the training process,resulting in unsatisfactory results.We introduce an adaptive graph structure learning method to obtain the optimal model parameters and graph structure.Experiments on two publicly available datasets demonstrate that the proposed method attains higher anomaly detection results than other methods.

Progress in in-situ electrochemical nuclear magnetic resonance for battery research

A thorough understanding of the fundamental electrochemical and chemical processes in batteries is crucial to advancing energy density and power density.However,the characterizations of such processes are complex.In-situ electrochemical nuclear magnetic resonance(EC-NMR)offers the capability to collect real-time data during battery operation,furnishing insights into the local structures and ionic dynamics of materials by monitoring changes in the chemical environment around the nuclei.EC-NMR also has the advantages of being both quantitative and non-destructive.This paper systematically reviews the design of EC-NMR approach,and delves into the applications and progress of EC-NMR concerning battery reaction mechanisms,failure mechanisms,and overall battery systems.The review culminates in a comprehensive summary of the perspective and challenges associated with EC-NMR.

T cells promote the regeneration of neural precursor cells in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease mice

Alzheimer＇s disease is closely associated with disorders of neurogenesis in the brain, and growing evidence supports the involvement of immunological mechanisms in the development of the disease. However, at present, the role of T cells in neuronal regeneration in the brain is unknown. We injected amyloid-beta 1-42 peptide into the hippocampus of six BALB/c wild-type mice and six BALB/c-nude mice with T-cell immunodeficiency to establish an animal model of Alzhei- mer＇s disease. A further six mice of each genotype were injected with same volume of normal saline. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the number of regenerated neural progenitor cells in the hippocampus of BALB/c wild-type mice was significantly higher than that in BALB/c-nude mice. Quantitative fluorescence PCR assay showed that the expression levels of peripheral T cell-associated cytokines （interleukin-2, interferon-y） and hippocampal microglia-related cyto- kines （interleukin-113, tumor necrosis factor-a） correlated with the number of regenerated neural progenitor cells in the hippocampus. These results indicate that T cells promote hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer＇s disease and T-cell immunodeficiency restricts neuronal regeneration in the hippocampus. The mechanism underlying the promotion of neuronal regeneration by T cells is mediated by an increased expression of peripheral T cells and central microglial cytokines in Alzheimer＇s disease mice. Our findings provide an experimental basis for understanding the role of T cells in Alzheimer＇s disease.

基于皮肤本态数据库的中青年女性面部皮肤综合状态评价模型构建

从中国女性皮肤本态数据库(北京工商大学)中随机抽取22~42岁女性志愿者1 085例,采集志愿者的皮肤数据,通过相关性分析初步降噪,得到皮肤状态核心指标,并采用KMO检验和巴利特球形检验方法进行检验。根据主成分分析法计算评价模型的各项系数,最终构建皮肤状态综合评价模型。皮肤状态相关的核心指标包括:年龄、皮肤总弹性、皮肤光泽度、黑色素含量、血红素含量、水分含量、经皮水分散失量、肤色ITA°、油脂含量、毛孔数量等10项。该模型对女性的综合皮肤状态给予客观的量化判定,弥补了肉眼判断受到的周围环境以及个人主观意识的影响,解决了皮肤评价的时空限制,采集相关指标数据即可对女性皮肤进行有效评价。研究结果可为女性皮肤状态综合判定提供技术支持。

Correlation of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome with metabolic syndrome in snorers

Though obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome（OSAHS） and metabolic syndrome（MS） are correlated;the contributing factors for the occurrence of MS in Chinese snorers remain largely undefined.We aimed to investigate the associated pathogenesis of coexistence of OSAHS and MS in Chinese snorers.A total of 144 Chinese habitual snorers were divided into 3 groups,the control group（simple snorers）（n = 36）,the mild OSAHS group（n= 52）and the moderate-to-severe OSAHS group（n = 56）.The incidence of MS in the moderate-to-severe OSAHS group（26.8%） was significantly higher than that in the control group（8.3%）,the mild OSAHS group（11.1%） and all the OSAHS patients（19.45%）（all P 〈 0.05）.Homeostatic model assessment（HOMA） index and proinsulin（PI） were negatively correlated with nocturnal meanSpO2 and miniSpO2.Meanwhile,nocturnal SpO2 were negatively correlated with body mass index,waist and neck circumferences and diastolic blood pressure,but positively correlated with total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.The study indicated that in Chinese snorers,moderate-to-severe OSAHS was closely associated with MS via nocturnal hypoxemia.

Co-effect of Mechanical Ball-milling and Microenvironmental Polarity on Morphology and Properties of Nanocellulose

Cellulose is a linear polymer consisting of D-anhydroglucose units joined by β-1,4-glycosidic linkages. The densely packed cellulose molecular chain forms crystalline cellulose through strong hydrogen bonding. Owing to its chemical tunability and excellent mechanical resistance, nanocellulose is widely used in everyday life and the industrial sector. In this work, cellulose materials were nanoprocessed by mechanical ball-milling(1) in polar solvents(N,N-dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide) with esterification or(2) in hydrophobic agents(polydimethylsiloxane or polytetrafluoroethylene) with different molecular weights. Cellulose nanofibers and nanosheets with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties were obtained, and the mechanism of cellulose disintegration along a crystallographic plane induced by mechanical force and the polarity condition were discussed. This work affords a new way to manipulate the morphology and properties of nanocellulose.

Exposure, sensitivity, and social adaptive capacity related to climate change:empirical research in China

The present research established a preliminary indicator assessment system satisfying Chinese characters for exposure, sensitivity, and social adaptive capacity related to climate change. The 31 province-level administrative regions in China's Mainland were considered in our research. We developed three dimensions of indices related to climate change, including primary, secondary,and tertiary indicators. We chose all variables and indicators based on a literature review and used principal component analysis and the varimax method to develop a weighted assessment index system. Districts in central China scored higher on the overall exposure index than other sample districts, western China generally exhibited higher sensitivity, and eastern China exhibited comparatively higher social adaptive capacity than the other regions. This study also provides perspective for adaptation policies that all regions in China could adopt to determine development direction decision-making based on their specific conditions and diversified comparative advantages to enhance adaptive capacity in response to climate change.

Anesthetic Effect of Compound Artevacaine Hydrochloride in Patients Undergoing Oral Implantation

Objective:To investigate and analyze the anesthetic effect of compound artevacaine hydrochloride in patients undergoing oral implantation.Methods:In this study,60 patients receiving oral implant surgery in our hospital were selected as the research subjects,and the operation time was from July 2019 to March 2021.Patients were randomly selected and divided into groups for the study.30 patients receiving lidocaine hydrochloride anesthesia were used as the control group,and 30 patients receiving compound artevacaine hydrochloride anesthesia were used as the research group.The anesthetic effect and safety of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results:The anesthetic effect of the study group was significantly better than that of the control group(P<0.05).The blood pressure and heart rate in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in blood pressure and heart rate between the two groups before anesthesia(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of ADR between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions:For patients undergoing oral implant surgery,choosing compound artevacaine hydrochloride as anesthetic drug has obvious anesthetic effect and can stabilize patients'life indexes.The anesthetic effect is obvious,and there is no obvious adverse reaction,and the clinical value is obvious.

Effect of Ce doping into V_(2)O_(5)-WO_(3)/TiO_(2) catalysts on the selective catalytic reduction of NO_(x) by NH_(3)

In this work, the effectiveness of V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts modified with different CeO2 contents by impregnation and co-precipitation methods on the selective catalytic reduction of NOxby NH3 have been studied comparatively by various experimental techniques. The results showed that the NO conversion of V2O5-WO3/CeO2-TiO2 catalysts modified by co-precipitation method obviously increased with the Ce doping contents in the studied range below 20%（All Ce contents are in mass fractions）, but the NO conversion of V2O5-WO3/CeO2/TiO2 catalysts modified by impregnation methods was lower than V2O5-WO3/CeO2-TiO2 catalysts especially beyond 2.5% Ce doping contents. The V2O5-WO3/CeO2-TiO2 catalysts showed better SCR activity, wider reaction window, and higher sulfur and water resistance. The characterization results elucidated that the modified catalysts by co-precipitation method exhibited higher specific surface area, much better dispersity of Ce component, more Ce^（3＋）species and more Br？nsted acid sites than that by impregnation. The vacancies caused by more Ce^（3＋）species were favorable for more NO oxidation to NO2, and the interaction between Ce species and WOxspecies generated more Br？nsted acid sites. It could be supposed that dispersed Ce Oxspecies and WOxspecies offered more second active centers respectively to adsorb oxygen and activate ammonia as co-catalysis to the primary active center of V ions, thus facilitated the better SCR activity of modified V2O5-WO3/CeO2-TiO2 catalysts by coprecipitation methods. The co-precipitation methods with Ce component were more suitable for production of modified commercial V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts.

Aeroelastic analysis and structural parametric design of composite rotor blade

Based on FEM theory,a method of dynamic analysis for hingeless rotors considering anisotropic composite materials is established.A parametric modeling method of composite blade with typical profile and high simulation degree for design is proposed.Through the finite element method,the profile characteristics of rotor blade can be obtained efficiently and accurately,and the synchronization of parametric design and finite element analysis of structural characteristics can be realized.Then a 23-degrees of freedom non-linear beam element is used to simulate the extended one-dimensional beam,thereby a nonlinear differential equation describing the elastic motion of the rotor is established.To obtain the crosssectional target characteristics of the blades,an inverse design method is proposed for cross-section components based on combinatorial optimization algorithm.The calculation and validation work show that the proposed model can effectively analyze the aeroelastic characteristics of general composite rotors.Further,the influence of cross-sectional parameters on the aeroelastic stability and hub loads of hingeless rotor is analyzed and some remarkable conclusions are obtained.

Association between serum ferritin and outcomes in critically ill patients:a retrospective analysis of a large intensive care unit database

To the Editor:Critically ill patients are always complicated with systematic inflammation causing organ dysfunction,even multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)or sepsis,which commonly contributes to mortality in intensive care unit(ICU).It was originally thought that ferritin plays an important role in the hematopoietic system for its iron storage capacity.Recently,it was reported that the raised plasma ferritin is correlated with a poor prognosis of diseases.The level of ferritin could not only reflect disease activity,but also may predict the outcomes.[1]The relationship between plasma ferritin and clinical outcomes of critically ill or sepsis patients remained controversial.

Non-proteolytic ubiquitination of OTULIN regulates NF-κB signaling pathway

NF-κB signaling regulates diverse processes such as cell death,inflammation,immunity,and cancer.The activity of NF-κB is controlled by methionine 1-linked linear polyubiquitin,which is assembled by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex(LUBAC)and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2L3.Recent studies found that the deubiquitinase OTULIN breaks the linear ubiquitin chain,thus inhibiting NF-κB signaling.Despite the essential role of OTULIN in NF-κB signaling has been established,the regulatory mechanism for OTULIN is not well elucidated.To discover the potential regulators of OTULIN,we analyzed the OTULIN protein complex by proteomics and revealed several OTULIN-binding proteins,including LUBAC and tripartite motif-containing protein 32(TRIM32).TRIM32 is known to activate NF-κB signaling,but the mechanism is not dear.Genetic complement experiments found that TRIM32 is upstream of OTULIN and TRIM32-mediated NF-κB activation is dependent on OTULIN.Mutagenesis of the E3 ligase domain showed that the E3 ligase activity is essential for TRIM32-mediated NF-κB activation.Further experiments found that TRIM32 conjugates polyubiquitin onto OTULIN and the polyubiquitin blocks the interaction between HOIP and OTULIN,thereby activating NF-κB signaling.Taken together,we report a novel regulatory mechanism by which TRIM32-mediated non-proteolytic ubiquitination of OTULIN impedes the access of OTULIN to the LUBAC and promotes NF-κB activation.

Characterization of polyclonal antibodies against nonstructural protein 9 from the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS) is considered to be one of the most important infectious diseases impacting the swine industry and is characterized by reproductive failure in late term gestation in sows and respiratory disease in pigs of all ages.The nonstructural protein 9 gene,Nsp9,encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase,is generally regarded as fairly conserved when compared to other viral proteins.Antibodies against Nsp9 will be of great importance for the diagnosis and treatment of the causal agent,PRRS virus.A study was undertaken to generate polyclonal antibodies against the immunodominant Nsp9.For this purpose,the Nsp9 was expressed in Escherichia coli and subsequently used as an antigen to immunize New Zealand rabbits.Antiserum was identified via an indirect ELISA,and then verified based on the ability to react with both naturally and artificially expressed Nsp9.Results of virus neutralization test showed that this antiserum could not neutralize the PRRSV.Nevertheless,this antiserum as a diagnostic core reagent should prove invaluable for further investigations into the mechanism of PRRS pathogenesis.

Flexible Monitoring,Diagnosis,and Therapy by Microneedles with Versatile Materials and Devices toward Multifunction Scope

Microneedles(MNs)have drawn rising attention owing to their merits of convenience,noninvasiveness,flexible applicability,painless microchannels with boosted metabolism,and precisely tailored multifunction control.MNs can be modified to serve as novel transdermal drug delivery,which conventionally confront with the penetration barrier caused by skin stratum corneum.The micrometer-sized needles create channels through stratum corneum,enabling efficient drug delivery to the dermis for gratifying efficacy.Then,incorporating photosensitizer or photothermal agents into MNs can conduct photodynamic or photothermal therapy,respectively.Besides,health monitoring and medical detection by MN sensors can extract information from skin interstitial fluid and other biochemical/electronic signals.Here,this review discloses a novel monitoring,diagnostic,and therapeutic pattern by MNs,with elaborate discussion about the classified formation of MNs together with various applications and inherent mechanism.Hereby,multifunction development and outlook from biomedical/nanotechnology/photoelectric/devices/informatics to multidisciplinary applications are provided.Programmable intelligent MNs enable logic encoding of diverse monitoring and treatment pathways to extract signals,optimize the therapy efficacy,real-time monitoring,remote control,and drug screening,and take instant treatment.

Ion therapy of pulmonary fibrosis by inhalation of ionic solution derived from silicate bioceramics

Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a chronic and progressively fatal disease,but clinically available therapeutic drugs are limited due to efficacy and side effects.The possible mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis includes the damage of alveolar epithelial cells II(AEC2),and activation of immune cells such as macrophages.The ions released from bioceramics have shown the activity in stimulating soft tissue derived cells such as fibroblasts,endothelia cells and epithelia cells,and regulating macrophage polarization.Therefore,this study proposes an“ion therapy”approach based on the active ions of bioceramic materials,and investigates the therapeutic effect of bioactive ions derived from calcium silicate(CS)bioceramics on mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis.We demonstrate that silicate ions significantly reduce pulmonary fibrosis by simultaneously regulating the functions of AEC2 and macrophages.This result suggests potential clinical applications of ion therapy for lung fibrosis.

Efficient purification of cell culture-derived classical swine fever virus by ultrafiltration and size-exclusion chromatography

Large-scale production of cell culture-based classical swine fever virus(CSFV)vaccine is hampered by the adverse reactions caused by contaminants from host cell and culture medium.Hence,we have developed an efficient method for purifying CSFV from cell-culture medium.Pure viral particles were obtained with two steps of tangential-flow filtration(TFF)and size-exclusion chromatography(SEC),and were compared with particles from ultracentrifugation by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),infectivity and recovery test,and real time fluorescent quantitative PCR(FQ-PCR).TFF concentrated the virus particles effectively with a retention rate of 98.5%,and 86.2%of viral particles were obtained from the ultrafiltration retentate through a Sepharose 4 F F column on a biological liquid chromatography system.CSFV purified by TFF-SEC or ultracentrifugation were both biologically active from 1.0×10–4.25 TCID50·mL^(–1) to 3.0×10^(–6.25) TCID50·mL^(–1),but the combination of TFF and SEC produced more pure virus particles than by ultracentrifugation alone.In addition,pure CSFV particles with the expected diameter of 40–60 nm were roughly spherical without any visible contamination.Mice immunized with CSFV purified by TFF-SEC produced higher antibody levels compared with immunization with ultracentrifugation-purified CSFV(P<0.05).The purification procedures in this study are reliable technically and feasible for purification of large volumes of viruses.

Enhanced metronidazole removal by binary-species photoelectrogenic biofilm of microaglae and anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria

High efficient removal of antibiotics during nutriments recovery for biomass production poses a major technical challenge for photosynthetic microbial biofilm-based wastewater treatment since antibiotics are always co-exist with nutriments in wastewater and resist biodegradation due to their strong biotoxicity and recalcitrance.In this study,we make a first attempt to enhance metronidazole(MNZ)removal from wastewater using electrochemistry-activated binary-species photosynthetic biofilm of Rhodopseudomonas Palustris(R.Palustris)and Chlorella vulgaris(C.vulgaris)by cultivating them under different applied potentials.The results showed that application of external potentials of-0.3,0 and 0.2 V led to 11,33 and 26-fold acceleration in MNZ removal,respectively,as compared to that of potential free.The extent of enhancement in MNZ removal was positively correlated to the intensities of photosynthetic current produced under different externally applied potentials.The binary-species photoelectrogenic biofilm exhibited 18 and 6-fold higher MNZ removal rate than that of single-species of C.vulgaris and R.Palustris,respectively,due to the enhanced metabolic interaction between them.Application of an external potential of 0V significantly promoted the accumulation of tryptophan and tyrosine-like compounds as well as humic acid in ex-tracellular polymeric substance,whose concentrations were 7.4,7.1 and 2.0-fold higher than those produced at potential free,contributing to accelerated adsorption and reductive and photosensitive degradation of MNZ.

Guanine-assisted N-doped ordered mesoporous carbons as efficient capacity decaying suppression materials for lithium–sulfur batteries

Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are considered promising next-generation energy storage devices due to their high weight capacities and theoretical energy densities,which are significantly higher than those of conventional lithium-ion batteries.However,the sulfur cathode presents two major drawbacks,specifically low specific capacity caused by the poor electrical conductivities of the active materials and fast capacity decay caused by polysulfide dissolution/shuttling.Herein,a high-rate and high-stability dendritic material consisting of N-doped ordered mesoporous carbons(NOMCs)was successfully synthesized via a facile and low-cost calcination method.The highly ordered mesoporous carbon skeleton limited the growth of the sulfur nanofiller within its channels and provided the necessary electrical contact with the insulating sulfur.Furthermore,N-doped heteroatoms presented strong binding sites for trapping polysulfide intermediates,achieving high electrochemical activity,which promoted polysulfide conversion reactions.As a result,the prepared NOMC-2/S cathode material with 1.2-1.5 mg cm^(-2)of sulfur displayed excellent electrochemical performance with a high-rate capability of 460.5 m Ah g^(-1)at 1 C,a high specific capacity of 530.9 m Ah g^(-1)after 200 cycles at 0.1 C,and a decay rate of~0.19%per cycle.