Jujube witches’ broom phytoplasmas inhibit ZjBRC1-mediated abscisic acid metabolism to induce shoot proliferation

Jujube witches’broom(JWB)phytoplasmas parasitize the sieve tubes of diseased phloem and cause an excessive proliferation of axillary shoots from dormant lateral buds to favour their transmission.In previous research,two JWB effectors,SJP1 and SJP2,were identified to induce lateral bud outgrowth by disrupting ZjBRC1-mediated auxin flux.However,the pathogenesis of JWB disease remains largely unknown.Here,tissue-specific transcriptional reprogramming was examined to gain insight into the genetic mechanisms acting inside jujube lateral buds under JWB phytoplasma infection.JWB phytoplasmas modulated a series of plant signalling networks involved in lateral bud development and defence,including auxin,abscisic acid(ABA),ethylene,jasmonic acid,and salicylic acid.JWB-induced bud outgrowth was accompanied by downregulation of ABA synthesis within lateral buds.ABA application rescued the bushy appearances of transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing SJP1 and SJP2 in Col-0 and ZjBRC1 in the brc1-2 mutant.Furthermore,the expression of ZjBRC1 and ABA-related genes ZjHB40 and ZjNCED3 was negatively correlated with lateral main bud outgrowth in decapitated healthy jujube.Molecular evidence showed that ZjBRC1 interacted with ZjBRC2 via its N-terminus to activate ZjHB40 and ZjNCED3 expression and ABA accumulation in transgenic jujube calli.In addition,ZjBRC1 widely regulated differentially expressed genes related to ABA homeostasis and ABA signalling,especially by binding to and suppressing ABA receptors.Therefore,these results suggest that JWB phytoplasmas hijack the ZjBRC1-mediated ABA pathways to stimulate lateral bud outgrowth and expansion,providing a strategy to engineer plants resistant to JWB phytoplasma disease and regulate woody plant architecture to promote crop yield and quality.

Recent Advancements on Photothermal Conversion and Antibacterial Applications over MXenes-Based Materials

The pernicious bacterial proliferation and emergence of super-resistant bacteria have already posed a great threat to public health,which drives researchers to develop antibiotic-free strategies to eradicate these fierce microbes.Although enormous achievements have already been achieved,it remains an arduous challenge to realize efficient sterilization to cut off the drug resistance generation.Recently,photothermal therapy(PTT)has emerged as a promising solution to efficiently damage the integrity of pathogenic bacteria based on hyperthermia beyond their tolerance.Until now,numerous photothermal agents have been studied for antimicrobial PTT.Among them,MXenes(a type of two-dimensional transition metal carbides or nitrides)are extensively investigated as one of the most promising candidates due to their high aspect ratio,atomic-thin thickness,excellent photothermal performance,low cytotoxicity,and ultrahigh dispersibility in aqueous systems.Besides,the enormous application scenarios using their antibacterial properties can be tailored via elaborated designs of MXenes-based materials.In this review,the synthetic approaches and textural properties of MXenes have been systematically presented first,and then the photothermal properties and sterilization mechanisms using MXenes-based materials are documented.Subsequently,recent progress in diverse fields making use of the photothermal and antibacterial performances of MXenes-based materials are well summarized to reveal the potential applications of these materials for various purposes,including in vitro and in vivo sterilization,solar water evaporation and purification,and flexible antibacterial fabrics.Last but not least,the current challenges and future perspectives are discussed to provide theoretical guidance for the fabrication of efficient antimicrobial systems using MXenes.

Pressure-induced robust emission in a zero-dimensional hybrid metal halide (C_(9)NH_(20))_(6)Pb_(3)Br_(12)

Zero-dimensional(0D)hybrid metal halides are under intensive investigation owing to their unique physical properties,such as the broadband emission from highly localized excitons that is promising for white-emitting lighting.However,fundamental understanding of emission variations and structure–property relationships is still limited.Here,by using pressure processing,we obtain robust exciton emission in 0D(C_(9)NH_(20))_(6)Pb_(3)Br_(12) at room temperature that can survive to 80 GPa,the recorded highest value among all the hybrid metal halides.In situ experimental characterization and first-principles calculations reveal that the pressure-induced emission is mainly caused by the largely suppressed phonon-assisted nonradiative pathway.Lattice compression leads to phonon hardening,which considerably weakens the exciton–phonon interaction and thus enhances the emission.The robust emission is attributed to the unique structure of separated spring-like[Pb_(3)Br_(12)]^(6−)trimers,which leads to the outstanding stability of the optically active inorganic units.Our findings not only reveal abnormally robust emission in a 0D metal halide,but also provide new insight into the design and optimization of local structures of trimers and oligomers in lowdimensional hybrid materials.

求解DC问题的一类随机优化算法

本文研究的是一类具有有限和形式的DC问题,其目标函数为具有有限和形式的光滑凸函数与连续凸函数之和再减去适当的闭凸函数的形式。传统的邻近DC算法(pDCA)在处理此类问题时,由于每一迭代步都需要对目标函数光滑部分的全梯度进行计算,从而导致计算成本较为昂贵,因此本文将随机梯度SARAH引入到pDCA中,提出了一种基于随机梯度SARAH的随机邻近DC算法(pDCA-SARAH),并给出了该算法的具体迭代格式,以降低计算成本。在非凸情形下,本文针对pDCA-SARAH算法给出了收敛性及收敛率分析。具体的,本文给出了目标函数在期望意义下的下降量分析以及次线性收敛率的结果。最后,通过将pDCA-SARAH算法用于求解l1-2正则化最小二乘问题,并与pDCA进行数值比较,展示了本文所提算法的高效性。

Biomarkers of aging

Aging biomarkers are a combination of biological parameters to(i)assess age-related changes,(ii)track the physiological aging process,and(iii)predict the transition into a pathological status.Although a broad spectrum of aging biomarkers has been developed,their potential uses and limitations remain poorly characterized.An immediate goal of biomarkers is to help us answer the following three fundamental questions in aging research:How old are we?Why do we get old?And how can we age slower?This review aims to address this need.Here,we summarize our current knowledge of biomarkers developed for cellular,organ,and organismal levels of aging,comprising six pillars:physiological characteristics,medical imaging,histological features,cellular alterations,molecular changes,and secretory factors.To fulfill all these requisites,we propose that aging biomarkers should qualify for being specific,systemic,and clinically relevant.

Formulated nano-liposomes for reversal of cisplatin resistance in NSCLC with nucleus-targeting peptide

Cell membrane-engineered nano-delivery systems have evolved as a promising strategy to enhance drug bioavailability,offering an alternative for reversing drug resistance in cancer therapy.Herein,a formulated nano-liposome that fabricated by hybridizing cisplatin-resistant A549 cell line(A549/cis)cancer cell membrane and phospholipids for co-delivery of cisplatin and nuclear protein zeste homolog 2(EZH2)-targeting peptide EIP103,referred to as cLCE,was developed.In vitro results indicated that the formulated nano-liposome can efficiently inhibit A549/cis cancer cell invasion and metastasis through the down-regulation of Ncadherin and vimentin proteins.Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the reduction of nerve growth factor receptor(NGFR)levels and the increase of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)levels achieved by EIP103 may contribute to the reversal of cisplatin resistance.In vivo results demonstrated that the encapsulation of both cisplatin and EIP103 within cLCE leads to increased intratumoral accumulation and prolonged survival in A549/cis cancer-bearing mice as compared to the individual drugs alone.This can be attributed to the enhanced tumor homing capability of cLCE achieved through the presence of inherited membrane proteins derived from A549/cis cells.Taken together,this study may provide a highly promising therapeutic strategy to improve clinical treatments for cisplatin-resistance non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)as well as other malignant cancers.

基于WARM模型的早期跨学科姑息疗法对非小细胞肺癌的疗效评价

目的探讨基于WARM(whole,assessment,revaluation,management)模型的早期跨学科姑息支持治疗对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者生活质量、心理状态、疼痛和营养状况的治疗效果。方法选择2019年10月至2020年6月重庆大学附属肿瘤医院初诊为晚期NSCLC患者60例,采用随机数字表法分成2组:标准抗肿瘤治疗组(SC组,n=30)和早期姑息治疗组(EPC组,n=30)。SC组患者接受标准抗肿瘤治疗;EPC组除接受标准抗肿瘤治疗外,还接受由肿瘤专科医师、姑息治疗护士、营养医师以及心理医师组成的多学科团队提供的综合治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前和治疗后6个月生活质量改善情况[肺癌患者生存质量测定量表(FACT-L)评分]、心理状况[医院焦虑和抑郁量表(HADS)以及患者健康问卷抑郁自评量表-9(PHQ-9)]、营养状况[患者主观整体营养状况评价量表(PG-SGA)]及癌性疼痛评分[疼痛数字评价量表(NRS)]。结果最终共45例患者完成6个月治疗,男24例,女21例,年龄38~82(60.5±1.7)岁;EPC组23例,SC组22例。EPC组治疗后6个月FACT-L量表得分为(122.3±1.6)分,优于SC组的(111.8±2.1)分(P<0.001)。EPC组与SC组相比具有更轻的HADS焦虑量表评分:(1.1±0.3)比(2.9±0.4)分(P<0.001),更轻的HADS抑郁量表评分:(0.7±0.3)比(3.6±0.4)分(P<0.001)。EPC组患者无抑郁率为100.0%(23/23),优于SC组的45.5%(10/22)(P<0.001)。SC组治疗后重度营养不良率为40.9%(9/22),中度营养不良率为50.0%(11/22),无营养风险率为9.1%(2/22);EPC组治疗后中度营养不良率为60.9%(14/23),无营养风险率升高为39.1%(9/23),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。两组患者NRS评分差异无统计学意义(P=0.140)。结论基于WARM模型的早期跨学科姑息支持治疗可以提高NSCLC患者生活质量,改善心理状态和营养状况。

急性肺损伤时肺部微环境介导的细胞代谢变化的研究进展

急性肺损伤(ALI)是临床上常见的肺部病变之一,病理表现为严重的肺水肿和透明膜形成,引起肺内微环境的改变。代谢学是通过监测生物体内源性代谢产物的变化(如糖类、脂类和氨基酸),来反映机体的生理或者病理状态。鉴于人体肺部的代谢活跃,近年来大量研究表明,肺部微环境介导的细胞代谢学变化对于ALI的发生具有重要意义,并为ALI患者的早期预警、诊断及其治疗提供了一种崭新的手段。本文就细胞代谢改变在ALI中的应用及其研究进展做简要综述。

Bilayer broadband antireflective coating to achieve planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells with23.9%efficiency

Although perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have achieved encouraging efficiency,the photon loss at the substrate due to light reflection has not been well addressed.Light management is promising to reduce reflection loss and realize higher power conversion efficiency(PCE)of PSCs.Here,a bilayer antireflective coating(ARC)has been designed and coated onto the backside of the glass substrate of(FAPbI_(3))_(x)(MAPbBr_(3))_(1-x)PSCs to enhance photon harvesting and consequently the device efficiency.The bottom layer of the bilayer ARC is made from a silica polymer and the top layer is made from the mixture of hexamethyldisiloxane-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles and a fluorinated silica polymer.By adjusting the refractive index and the film thickness of each layer according to a two-layer model,enhanced glass transmittance in a broadband wavelength range can be reached,with the maximum transmittance increasing from ca.90%to over 95%.With the bilayer ARC,the maximum short-circuit current density and PCE of(FAPbI_(3))_(x)(MAPbBr_(3))_(1-x)PSCs can be increased from 25.5 m A cm^(-2)and 22.7%to 26.5 mA cm^(-2)and 23.9%with negligible changes in fill factor and opencircuit voltage.This work presents a simple yet effective strategy to enhance the efficiency of solar cells employing bilayer antirefective coatings,which can be applied to other types of solar cells.

The impact of vertical π-extension on redox mechanisms of aromatic diimide dyes

Aromatic diimide dyes are an attractive class of redox-active organic molecules for lithium-ion batteries,whose battery performances(stabilities,conductivities and cyclicities) are strongly dependent on the sizes of their π-systems.However,due to the different Clar’s structures possessed,three vertically7 r-extended aromatic diimides,namely,naphthalene diimide(two one-electron reductions),perylene diimide and terrylene diimide(two one-electron reductions),exhibit different electronic redox mechanisms when served as cathode materials in organic lithium-ion batteries.Herein,we have studied carefully the different electrochemical characteristics of the three aromatic diimides through experimental and theoretical calculations.Their battery present different shape of charge/discharge curves resulting from stability of their reduction state during charge/discharge process.Terrylene diimide shows better cycle and rate capacities than those of naphthalene diimide and perylene diimide,which could be attributed to the more energies released during terrylene diimide combining with lithium ions than those of other two diimides.

Spatial and frequency multimode in the dressing parametric amplified multiwave mixing process

The quantum multimode of correlated fields is essential for future quantum-correlated imaging.Here we investigate multimode properties theoretically and experimentally for the parametric amplified multiwave mixing process.The multimode behavior of the signals in our system stems from spatial phase mismatching caused by frequency resonant linewidth.In the spatial domain,we observe the emission rings with an uneven distribution of photon intensity in the parametric amplified four-wave mixing process,suggesting different spatial modes.The symmetrical distribution of spatial spots indicates the spatial correlation between the Stokes and anti-Stokes signals.While in the frequency domain,the multimode character is reflected as multiple peaks splitting in the signals'spectrum.A novelty in our experiment,the number of multimodes both in the spatial and frequency domains can be controlled by dressing lasers by modifying the nonlinear susceptibility.Finally,we extend the multimode properties to the multiwave mixing process.The results can be applied in quantum imaging.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing identified psittacosis among poultry processing workers in Shandong Province,China

Human infection with Chlamydia psittaci is rare but difficult to recognize.We report an outbreak of psittacosis among poultry processing workers in China.We applied metagenomic next-generation sequencing and identified Chlamydia psittaci reads from samples of all seven patients,four of which were subsequently confirmed by PCR.Epidemiological results suggested that the poultry processed in the factory was the possible source of human infection.