Genome-Wide Analysis for Yield-Related Agronomic and Biochemical Traits of Chinese and Bangladeshi Grass Pea Genotypes Using SSR Markers

Grass pea(Lathyrus sativus L.)is an imperative food crop cultured in dryland agricultural ecology.It is a vital source of dietary protein to millions of populaces living in low-income countries in South-East Asia and Africa.This study highlights the improvement of genomic properties and their application in marker-trait relationships for 17 yield-related characters in 400 grass pea genotypes from China and Bangladesh.These characters were assessed via 56 polymorphic markers using general linear model(GLM)(P+G+Q)and mixed linear model(MLM)(P+G+Q+K)in the tassel software based on the linkage disequilibrium and population structure analysis.Population structure analysis showed two major groups and one admixed group in the populace.Statistically significant loci pairs of linkage disequilibrium(LD)mean value(D′)was 0.479.A total of 99 and 61 marker-trait associations in GLM and MLM models allied to the 17 traits were accepted at a 5%level of significance.Among these markers,21 markers were associated with more than one trait;12 marker-trait associations passed the Bonferroni correction threshold.Both models found six markers C41936,C39067,C34100,C47146,C47638,and C43047 significantly associated with days to maturity,flower color,plant height,and seed per pod were detected in the Hebei and Liaoyang location(p≤0.01),and the interpretation rate(R^(2)value)11.2%to 43.6%.Conferring to the consequences,the association analysis methodology may operative system for quantitative,qualitative,and biochemical traits related to gene position mapping and support breeders in improving novel approaches for advancing the grass pea quality.

Periodic Solution for a Stochastic Predator-Prey Model with Impulses and Holling-II Functional Response

Considering the mutual interference between species, a stochastic predator-prey model with impulses and Holling-II functional response is proposed in this paper. Firstly, by constructing an equivalent system without impulses, the existence of a globally unique positive solution is proved. Secondly, in cases of the mutual coefficient m = 1 and 0 m < 1, by constructing suitable Lyapunov functional, the existence of T-periodic solution is investigated under some certain conditions. Finally, numerical simulation is introduced to verify our main results.

Periodic Solution for Stochastic Predator-Prey Systems with Nonlinear Harvesting and Impulses

In this paper, astochastic predator-prey systems with nonlinear harvesting and impulsive effect are investigated. Firstly, we show the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution of the system. Secondly, by constructing appropriate Lyapunov function and using comparison theorem with an impulsive differential equation, we study that a positive periodic solution exists. Thirdly, we prove that system is globally attractive. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to show the feasibility of the obtained results.

Dynamics of a Stochastic Delayed Predator-Prey System with Beddington-DeAngelis Functional Response

This paper is concerned with a stochastic predator-prey system with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response and time delay. Firstly, we show that this system has a unique positive solution as this is essential in any population dynamics model. Secondly, the validity of the stochastic system is guaranteed by stochastic ultimate boundedness of the analyzed solution. Finally, by constructing suitable Lyapunov functions, the asymptotic moment estimation of the solution was given. These properties of the solution can provide theoretical support for biological resource management.

Development of an Agrobacterium-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 system in pea(Pisum sativum L.)

Pea(Pisum sativum L.)is an annual cool-season legume crop.Owing to its role in sustainable agriculture as both a rotation and a cash crop,its global market is expanding and increased production is urgently needed.For both technical and regulatory reasons,neither conventional nor transgenic breeding techniques can keep pace with the demand for increased production.In answer to this challenge,CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology has been gaining traction in plant biology and crop breeding in recent years.However,there are currently no reports of the successful application of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology in pea.We developed a transient transformation system of hairy roots,mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain K599,to validate the efficiency of a CRISPR/Cas9 system.Further optimization resulted in an efficient vector,PsU6.3-tRNA-PsPDS3-en35S-PsCas9.We used this optimized CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit the pea phytoene desaturase(PsPDS)gene,causing albinism,by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation.This is the first report of successful generation of gene-edited pea plants by this route.

Design and fabrication of a series contact RF MEMS switch with a novel top electrode

Radio-frequency(RF)micro-electro-mechanical-system(MEMS)switches are widely used in communication devices and test instruments.In this paper,we demonstrate the structural design and optimization of a novel RF MEMS switch with a straight top electrode.The insertion loss,isolation,actuator voltage,and stress distribution of the switch are optimized and explored simultaneously by HFSS and COMSOL software,taking into account both its RF and mechanical properties.Based on the optimized results,a switch was fabricated by a micromachining process compatible with conventional IC processes.The RF performance in the DC to 18 GHz range was measured with a vector network analyzer,showing isolation of more than 21.28 dB over the entire operating frequency range.Moreover,the required actuation voltage was about 9.9 V,and the switching time was approximately 33μs.A maximum lifetime of 109 switching cycles was obtained.Additionally,the dimension of the sample is 1.8 mm×1.8 mm×0.3 mm,which might find application in the current stage.

生命与健康大数据中心资源

生命与健康多组学数据是生命科学研究和生物医学技术发展的重要基础。然而,我国缺乏生物数据管理和共享平台,不但无法满足国内日益增长的生物医学及相关学科领域的研究发展需求,而且严重制约我国生物大数据整合共享与转化利用。鉴于此,中国科学院北京基因组研究所于2016年初成立生命与健康大数据中心(BIG Data Center,BIGD),围绕国家人口健康和重要战略生物资源,建立生物大数据管理平台和多组学数据资源体系。本文重点介绍BIGD的生命与健康大数据资源系统,主要包括组学原始数据归档库、基因组数据库、基因组变异数据库、基因表达数据库、甲基化数据库、生物信息工具库和生命科学维基知识库,提供生物大数据汇交、整合与共享服务,为促进我国生命科学数据管理、推动国家生物信息中心建设奠定重要基础。

小开放阅读框编码微肽的研究进展

已有的研究表明,生命体中存在着大量的非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA),先前被错误注释为ncRNA的分子序列中实际上包含小的开放阅读框(short open reading frame,sORF),部分sORF可转录并翻译成进化保守的微肽(micropeptide),这些sORF由于序列较短和研究技术手段的限制而被忽略。迄今为止,已在生命体中发现一些sORF编码的功能各异的微肽,它们对生命活动的调控起着重要作用。本文对近年来发现的功能性微肽进行综述,介绍了本课题组发现新型微肽MIAC(micropeptide inhibiting actin cytoskeleton)的过程,同时总结了研究潜在微肽的相关技术,以期为研究人员利用相关技术发现新微肽提供借鉴和参考。

常用肿瘤基因分析方法及基于TCGA数据库的分析应用

随着二代测序技术的快速发展,数据量不断累积,肿瘤学家的目光逐渐由多物种测序转移至高通量测序数据的分析和比对。基因数据分析方法层出不穷,高通量的组学分析手段不断优化和创新,基因数据的挖掘和分析工作正处于飞速发展的时期。以肿瘤病人样本为核心的数据库The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)由此应运而生,该数据库全方位记录了从临床肿瘤病人样本得到的基因数据如DNA序列、转录本信息、表观遗传学修饰等。本文主要从数据分析方法、TCGA数据库及其应用实例等3个方面详细介绍了肿瘤相关基因数据的深入挖掘和生物信息学分析方法的最新研究进展,以期为研究人员利用大数据发现肿瘤防治相关的新靶点提供借鉴和参考。

A novel low-loss four-bit bandpass filter using RF MEMS switches

This paper details the design and simulation of a novel low-loss four-bit reconfigurable bandpass filter that integrates microelectromechanical system(MEMS)switches and comb resonators.A T-shaped reconfigurable resonator is reconfigured in a'one resonator,multiple MEMS switches'configuration and used to gate the load capacitances of comb resonators so that a multiple-frequency filtering function is realized within the 7-16 GHz frequency range.In addition,the insertion loss of the filter is less than 1.99 dB,the out-of-band rejection is more than 18.30 dB,and the group delay is less than 0.25 ns.On the other hand,the size of this novel filter is only 4.4 mm×2.5 mm×0.4 mm.Our results indicate that this MEMS reconfigurable filter,which can switch 16 central frequency bands through eight switches,achieves a low insertion loss compared to those of traditional MEMS filters.In addition,the advantages of small size are obtained while achieving high integration.

Analysis of a Delayed Stochastic One-Predator Two-Prey Population Model in a Polluted Environment

This paper is concerned with the dynamics of a delayed stochastic one-predator two-prey population model in a polluted environment. We show that there exists a unique positive solution that is permanent in time average under certain conditions. Moreover, the global attractively of system is studied. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to illustrate the main results.

Study on Growth Monitoring and Yield Prediction of Winter Wheat in the South of Shanxi Province Based on MERSI Data and ALMANAC Crop Model

Accurate crop growth monitoring and yield forecasting have important implications for food security and agricultural macro-control. Crop simulation and satellite remote sensing have their own advantages, combining the two can improve the real-time mechanism and accuracy of agricultural monitoring and evaluation. The research is based on the MERSI data carried by China’s new generation Fengyun-3 meteorological satellite, combined with the US ALMANAC crop model, established the NDVI-LAI model and realized the acquisition of LAI data from point to surface. Because of the principle of the relationship between the morphological changes of LAI curve and the growth of crops, an index that can be used to determine the growth of crops is established to realize real-time, dynamic and wide-scale monitoring of winter wheat growth. At the same time, the index was used to select the different key growth stages of winter wheat for yield estimation. The results showed that the relative error of total yield during the filling period was low, nearly 5%. The research results show that the combination of domestic meteorological satellite Fengyun-3 and ALMANAC crop model for crop growth monitoring and yield estimation is feasible, and further expands the application range of domestic satellites.

Trends in insulin resistance:insights into mechanisms and therapeutic strategy

The centenary of insulin discovery represents an important opportunity to transform diabetes from a fatal diagnosis into a medically manageable chronic condition.Insulin is a key peptide hormone and mediates the systemic glucose metabolism in different tissues.Insulin resistance(IR)is a disordered biological response for insulin stimulation through the disruption of different molecular pathways in target tissues.Acquired conditions and genetic factors have been implicated in IR.Recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the dysregulated metabolic mediators released by adipose tissue including adipokines,cytokines,chemokines,excess lipids and toxic lipid metabolites promote IR in other tissues.IR is associated with several groups of abnormal syndromes that include obesity,diabetes,metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),cardiovascular disease,polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),and other abnormalities.Although no medication is specifically approved to treat IR,we summarized the lifestyle changes and pharmacological medications that have been used as efficient intervention to improve insulin sensitivity.Ultimately,the systematic discussion of complex mechanism will help to identify potential new targets and treat the closely associated metabolic syndrome of IR.

Natural killer cell-derived exosomal miR-1249-3p attenuates insulin resistance and inflammation in mouse models of type 2 diabetes

Natural killer(NK)cells have been suggested to be associated with type 2 diabetes by regulating systemic inflammation.However,the mechanism by which NK cells regulate insulin sensitivity remains unknown.This study shows that NK-derived exosomes from lean mice attenuate obesity-induced insulin resistance and inflammation in mice of type 2 diabetes.Moreover,lean NK-derived exosomes enhance insulin sensitivity and relieve inflammation in adipocytes and hepatocytes.MiR-1249-3p,which is significantly upregulated in lean NK-derived exosomes,can be transferred from NK cells to adipocytes and hepatocytes via exosomes.NKderived exosomal miR-1249-3p dramatically induces cellular insulin sensitivity and relieves inflammation.Mechanistically,exosomal miR-1249-3p directly targets SKOR1 to regulate the formation of ternary complex SMAD6/MYD88/SMURF1,which mediates glucose homeostasis by suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.This study reveals an emerging role for NK-derived exosomal miR1249-3p in remission of insulin resistance,and provides a series of potential therapeutic targets in type 2 diabetes.

A hexaazatriphenylene fused large discotic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with selective and sensitive metal-ion sensing properties

A HAT based large PAH discotic molecule PN_(8)is developed. The enlarged chromophoric core and doping heteroatoms enable colorimetric and fluorometric sensing of Cu^(2+)and Zn^(2+)with highly appreciable optical changes, good selectivity and low detection limit. Moreover, PN_(8)was demonstrated as an excellent adsorbent to remove Cu^(2+)and Zn^(2+)from wastewater.

Columnar Liquid Crystalline Corannulenes: Synthesis, Assembly and Charge-Carrier Transport Properties

Two discotic liquid crystalline(LC)molecules consisting of a bowl-shaped corannulene core and five-fold photoactive azobenzene branches with differe nt pa raff i nk side chai ns were developed.Their self-assembly,photo-resp on sive behavior and charge-carrier tran sport properties were investigated in detail.A wider mesophase temperature range was achieved when utilizi ng Ion ger and furcal flexible side chai n substituti on.2D XRD measureme nts revealed the n-packed cora nnulen e-ce ntered lb(i.e.,with furcal side alkoxy I chains)exhibited helical columnar LC phase.This packing structure also led to a higher hole charge carrier mobility of 7.07 ×1O^(-2) cm^(2)-V^(-1)s^(-1) compared to that of the counterpart la with linear side chain substitutions.

Bischler-Napieralski Cyclization:A Versatile Reaction towards Functional Aza-PAHs and Their Conjugated Polymers

Nitrogen atom doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,the so-called aza-PAHs,and their conjugated polymers are applicable as functional chromophores and organic semiconductors.Prosperous developments of PAHs and heterocyclic chemistry have been made possible by considerable improvements in synthetic methodologies,among which one-step reactions leading directly to an aza-conjugated ring are highly desirable.Bischler-Napieralski cyclization,an old yet efficient reaction,can accomplish this task.During the last ten years,this reaction has been successfully used to synthesize a great variety of aza-PAHs molecules.Further combination with polymer chemistry is able to provide the corresponding polymers.This feature article summarizes the up-to-data advances,mainly achieved by our groups,on the design and synthesis of new and well-tailored aza-PAHs and macromolecular architectures using Bischler-Napieralski cyclization as the key step.Furthermore,the versatile applications of these functional materials in the fields of chemosensors,optoelectronic devices,and biomolecular probes are also covered in detail.

The Global Landscape of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes, Variants, and Haplotypes in 2019nCoVR

On January 22,2020,China National Center for Bioinformation(CNCB)released the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Resource(2019nCoVR),an open-access information resource for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).2019nCoVR features a comprehensive integration of sequence and clinical information for all publicly available SARS-CoV-2 isolates,which are manually curated with value-added annotations and quality evaluated by an automated in-house pipeline.Of particular note,2019nCoVR offers systematic analyses to generate a dynamic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 genomic variations at a global scale.It provides all identified variants and their detailed statistics for each virus isolate,and congregates the quality score,functional annotation,and population frequency for each variant.Spatiotemporal change for each variant can be visualized and historical viral haplotype network maps for the course of the outbreak are also generated based on all complete and high-quality genomes available.Moreover,2019nCoVR provides a full collection of SARS-CoV-2 relevant literature on the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),including published papers from PubMed as well as preprints from services such as bioRxiv and medRxiv through Europe PMC.Furthermore,by linking with relevant databases in CNCB,2019nCoVR offers data submission services for raw sequence reads and assembled genomes,and data sharing with NCBI.Collectively,SARS-CoV-2 is updated daily to collect the latest information on genome sequences,variants,haplotypes,and literature for a timely reflection,making 2019nCoVR a valuable resource for the global research community.2019nCoVR is accessible at https://bigd.big.ac.cn/ncov/.

Integrins as attractive targets for cancer therapeutics

Integrins are transmembrane receptors that have been implicated in the biology of various human physiological and pathological processes.These molecules facilitate cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interactions,and they have been implicated in fibrosis,inflammation,thrombosis,and tumor metastasis.The role of integrins in tumor progression makes them promising targets for cancer treatment,and certain integrin antagonists,such as antibodies and synthetic peptides,have been effectively utilized in the clinic for cancer therapy.Here,we discuss the evidence and knowledge on the contribution of integrins to cancer biology.Furthermore,we summarize the clinical attempts targeting this family in anti-cancer therapy development.

Inhibitory Activity of Honeysuckle Extracts against Influenza A Virus In Vitro and In Vivo

Honeysuckle has been used in the treatment of influenza virus infection for thousands of years in China.However,its main active components and the functional mechanisms remain to be elucidated.Here,four honeysuckle extracts,including acids extract,flavonoids extract,total extract and acids-flavonoids mixture,were prepared to clarify the main active antiviral components.The cytopathic effect reduction assay showed that all the four extracts inhibited the replication of influenza viruses H1N1,H3N2 and the oseltamivir-resistant mutant strain H1N1-H275Y.The acids-flavonoids mixture had the strongest inhibitory effects in vitro with EC_(50) values of 3.8,4.1,and >20 lg/m L against H1N1,H3N2 and H1N1-H275Y,respectively,showing competitive antiviral activity with oseltamivir and ribavirin.Honeysuckle acids extract also showed the most significant antiviral activity in vivo.Oral administration of the acids extract at a dosage of 600 mg/kg/d effectively alleviated viral pneumonia,maintained body weight and improved the survival rate to 30% of the mice infected with a lethal dose of H1N1.The results of time-of-drug addition experiment and neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assay showed that honeysuckle extracts had a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect against influenza virus NAs.The flavonoid extract showed the strongest inhibitory effect on the NA of influenza virus H7N9 with an IC_(50) of 24.7 lg/m L.These results suggested that these extracts might exert their antiviral activity by suppressing the release of influenza viruses.Briefly,our findings demonstrate that acids and flavonoids extracts of honeysuckle are the major antiviral active components,and the acids extract has the potential to be developed into an antiviral agent against influenza virus,especially for oseltamivirresistant viruses.