Study of the Effects of Glucocorticoid on Growth and Adult Final Height in Children with Primary Nephrotic Syndrome

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of growth, as well as factors associated with growth retardation in children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS), and to investigate the effect of glucocorticoid (GC) use duration on growth retardation in these children. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data of 353 PNS children treated at our hospital from July 2014 to June 2015 were collected through the medical record management system. Height, weight, and GC usage were recorded. Follow-up assessments were conducted in August 2022 for the original group, recording height, weight, and GC usage. Height and weight were evaluated using standard deviation scores (SDS). Categorical data were analyzed using chi-square test while continuous measurement data were analyzed using t-test or rank-sum test. Linear regression was used to assess the association between two single independent variables, and logistic regression analysis was used to screen for risk factors related to growth retardation in children with PNS. Results: Among the 353 PNS children enrolled in this study, male-to-female ratio of 2.64:1 (256 males vs 97 females). A total of 119 children exhibited growth retardation, incidence rate of 33.71%. The duration of GC usage among those with growth retardation was significantly longer compared to those without it (762.81 ± 934.50 days vs 263.77 ± 420.49 days;p Conclusion: PNS children treated with GC have a high incidence of growth retardation, and a high proportion of short stature in adulthood, especially in children with growth retardation in childhood, most of them have short stature after grown up. Time of GC usage is a risk factor for growth retardation in children with PNS.

老旧小区户外健身空间评价体系的构建

为构建适用于国内老旧小区户外健身空间的评价体系,文中以哈尔滨为例,通过实地调研、现状问卷调查、以及相关指标体系梳理等方式,在了解老旧小区户外健身空间情况的同时,建立哈尔滨老旧小区户外健身空间评价的预设指标。并通过名义小组讨论法以及德尔菲法(Delply)两种方法对预设指标进行修正,确定最终评价指标,并在此基础上确定各指标权重,从而构建出包含5个准则层和30个方案层指标的哈尔滨老旧小区户外健身空间评价体系。最后对哈尔滨16处老旧小区户外健身空间进行空间评价并选择其中的6处给出优化建议,结果表明评价体系具有很强的操作性,因此可以为其他地区的老旧小区户外健身空间评价提供借鉴,从而建立适用于当地的老旧小区户外健身空间评价体系。

Clinicopathological significance and immunotherapeutic outcome of claudin 18.2 expression in advanced gastric cancer:A retrospective study

Objective: Immunotherapeutic outcomes and clinical characteristics of claudin 18 isoform 2 positive(CLDN18.2-positive) gastric cancer(GC) vary in different clinical studies, making it difficult to optimize antiCLDN18.2 therapy. We conducted a retrospective analysis to explore the association of CLDN18.2 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and immunotherapeutic outcomes in GC.Methods: A total of 536 advanced GC patients from 2019 to 2021 in the CT041-CG4006 and CT041-ST-01clinical trials were included in the analysis. CLDN18.2 expression on ≥40% of tumor cells(2+, 40%) and CLDN18.2 expression on ≥70% of tumor cells(2+, 70%) were considered the two levels of positively expressed GC. The clinicopathological characteristics and immunotherapy outcomes of GC patients were analyzed according to CLDN18.2 expression status.Results: CLDN18.2 was expressed in 57.6%(cut-off: 2+, 40%) and 48.9%(cut-off: 2+, 70%) of patients.Programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) and CLDN18.2 were co-expressed in 19.8% [combined positive score(CPS)≥1, CLDN18.2(cut-off: 2+, 40%)] and 17.2% [CPS≥5, CLDN18.2(cut-off: 2+, 70%)] of patients.CLDN18.2 expression positively correlated with younger age, female sex, non-gastroesophageal junction(nonGEJ), and diffuse phenotype(P<0.001). HER2 and PD-L1 expression were significantly lower in CLDN18.2-positive GC(both P<0.05). Uterine adnexa metastasis(P<0.001) was more frequent and liver metastasis(P<0.001)was less common in CLDN18.2-positive GC. Overall survival and immunotherapy-related progression-free survival(ir PFS) were inferior in the CLDN18.2-positive group.Conclusions: CLDN18.2-positive GC is associated with poor prognosis and worse immunotherapeutic outcomes. The combination of anti-CLDN18.2 therapy, anti-PD-L1/PD-1 therapy, and chemotherapy for GC requires further investigation.

Improving Satellite-Retrieved Cloud Base Height with Ground-Based Cloud Radar Measurements

Cloud base height(CBH) is a crucial parameter for cloud radiative effect estimates, climate change simulations, and aviation guidance. However, due to the limited information on cloud vertical structures included in passive satellite radiometer observations, few operational satellite CBH products are currently available. This study presents a new method for retrieving CBH from satellite radiometers. The method first uses the combined measurements of satellite radiometers and ground-based cloud radars to develop a lookup table(LUT) of effective cloud water content(ECWC), representing the vertically varying cloud water content. This LUT allows for the conversion of cloud water path to cloud geometric thickness(CGT), enabling the estimation of CBH as the difference between cloud top height and CGT. Detailed comparative analysis of CBH estimates from the state-of-the-art ECWC LUT are conducted against four ground-based millimeter-wave cloud radar(MMCR) measurements, and results show that the mean bias(correlation coefficient) is0.18±1.79 km(0.73), which is lower(higher) than 0.23±2.11 km(0.67) as derived from the combined measurements of satellite radiometers and satellite radar-lidar(i.e., Cloud Sat and CALIPSO). Furthermore, the percentages of the CBH biases within 250 m increase by 5% to 10%, which varies by location. This indicates that the CBH estimates from our algorithm are more consistent with ground-based MMCR measurements. Therefore, this algorithm shows great potential for further improvement of the CBH retrievals as ground-based MMCR are being increasingly included in global surface meteorological observing networks, and the improved CBH retrievals will contribute to better cloud radiative effect estimates.

The efficiency and safety evaluation of hemoglobin hydrolysate as a non-heme iron fortifier

Hemoglobin hydrolysate is derived from the enzymatic degradation of hemoglobin.This work aimed to evaluate whether hemoglobin hydrolysate promotes the absorption of non-heme iron and the safety of absorbed iron in mice by analyzing the iron binding content,iron circulation,and liver homeostasis.We found that hemoglobin hydrolysate promoted the absorption of non-heme iron with high efficiency in duodenum by spontaneously binding non-heme iron during digestion,and increased hepatic iron content by up-regulating divalent metal transporter 1,zinc transporter 14,but hepatic iron content only increased at 3 weeks.Duodenal iron entered the blood through ferroportin without restriction at 3 weeks,and excessive iron entered the liver and then affected the hepatocyte membranes permeability and lipid synthesis through oxidative stress.With the prolongation of dietary intervention,the up-regulated hepcidin acted on the ferroportin to restrict excess iron from entering the blood,and then the hepatic homeostasis recovered.In addition,hemoglobin hydrolysate enhanced the hepatic antioxidant capacity.Taken together,hemoglobin hydrolysate has a strong ability to promote the absorption of non-heme iron in vivo,and the absorbed iron is relatively safe due to the regulation of hepcidin.

Efficacy of spray flushing in the reprocessing of flexible endoscopes:A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND Commonly used cleaning brushes in the reprocessing of flexible endoscopes often cause damage within the working channels.AIM To develop a spray flushing system to achieving effective cleaning of the working channels while minimizing damage.METHODS This prospective study included 60 used endoscopes and 60 Teflon tubes randomly divided into a control group(n=30)and an experimental group(n=30).The material of Teflon tubes was the same as that of the endoscope working channel.Endoscopes in the control group were manually cleaned using traditional cleaning brushes,while those in the experimental group were cleaned using the newly developed spray flushing system.ATP levels,cleanliness,and microbiological testing of the working channels were measured.Additionally,Teflon tubes in the control group underwent 500 passes with a cleaning brush,while those in the experimental group were subjected to the spray flushing system,and channel damage was evaluated.RESULTS The ATP levels(RLU)in the two groups were 32.5(13-66)and 26(16-40),respectively(P>0.05).Cleanliness scores were 1.5(1-2)and 1(1-2),respectively(P>0.05).Debris was found in 73.3%of the control group,which was significantly higher than 46.7%in the experimental group(P<0.05).Microbiological tests for both groups yielded negative results.Teflon tube damage in the control group was rated at 4(4-5.25),which was significantly higher than in the experimental group 4(3-4)(P<0.01).CONCLUSION The spray flushing system demonstrated superior efficacy in removing debris and resulted in less damage to the endoscope working channels compared with traditional cleaning brushes.

Application value of machine learning models in predicting intraoperative hypothermia in laparoscopic surgery for polytrauma patients

BACKGROUND Hypothermia during laparoscopic surgery in patients with multiple trauma is a significant concern owing to its potential complications.Machine learning models offer a promising approach to predict the occurrence of intraoperative hypothermia.AIM To investigate the value of machine learning model to predict hypothermia during laparoscopic surgery in patients with multiple trauma.METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 220 patients who were admitted with multiple injuries between June 2018 and December 2023.Of these,154 patients were allocated to a training set and the remaining 66 were allocated to a validation set in a 7:3 ratio.In the training set,53 cases experienced intraoperative hypothermia and 101 did not.Logistic regression analysis was used to construct a predictive model of intraoperative hypothermia in patients with polytrauma undergoing laparoscopic surgery.The area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity,and specificity were calculated.RESULTS Comparison of the hypothermia and non-hypothermia groups found significant differences in sex,age,baseline temperature,intraoperative temperature,duration of anesthesia,duration of surgery,intraoperative fluid infusion,crystalloid infusion,colloid infusion,and pneumoperitoneum volume(P<0.05).Differences between other characteristics were not significant(P>0.05).The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that age,baseline temperature,intraoperative temperature,duration of anesthesia,and duration of surgery were independent influencing factors for intraoperative hypothermia during laparoscopic surgery(P<0.05).Calibration curve analysis showed good consistency between the predicted occurrence of intraoperative hypothermia and the actual occurrence(P>0.05).The predictive model had AUCs of 0.850 and 0.829 for the training and validation sets,respectively.CONCLUSION Machine learning effectively predicted intraoperative hypothermia in polytrauma patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery,which improved surgical safety and patient recovery.

大肠埃希菌对细粒棘球蚴活性影响的体外研究

目的研究细粒棘球蚴与特定浓度大肠埃希菌体外共培养的条件下活性、形态随时间的变化,以及部分参与通路。方法将羊源性原头蚴重悬计数,分为空白组、0.5麦氏浓度大肠埃希菌组(实验组),并以12、24、48、72、96 h为时间节点,使用0.1%伊红染液按照体积1∶1的比例染色2 min后显微镜下观察并计算两组原头蚴的存活率;使用活性氧试剂盒在上述时间点检测两组原头蚴体内ROS水平;在12、48、96 h分别检测Caspase-3、9;Bax、Bcl-2、Nrf2蛋白的表达水平。结果实验组原头蚴存活率随时间延长降低,在96 h降至为0%;两组原头蚴体内活性氧检测显示:实验组ROS水平明显提高,12 h最高,差异具有统计学意义(T=11.638,P<0.05),在72 h ROS水平与空白组相近;Western blot实验表明,凋亡蛋白Bax(T=4.997,P<0.05)、Caspase-3蛋白(T=6.118,P<0.05)、Caspase-9蛋白(T=3.435,P<0.05),实验组的蛋白水平大于空白组,有统计学意义。抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2,实验组的蛋白水平小于空白组,有统计学意义(T=9.184,P<0.05),两组Nrf2蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(T=0.902,P=0.418)。结论0.5 mol·L^(-1)大肠埃希菌在体外可以快速致细粒棘球蚴死亡,氧化应激通路可能参与了此过程。

Unraveling the degradation mechanism of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) at the high cut-off voltage for lithium ion batteries

LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)layered oxides have been regarded as promising alternative cathodes for the next generation of high-energy lithium ion batteries(LIBs)due to high discharge capacities and energy densities at high operation voltage.However,the capacity fading under high operation voltage still restricts the practical application.Herein,the capacity degradation mechanism of NCM811 at atomic-scale is studied in detail under various cut-off voltages using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM).It is observed that the crystal structure of NCM811 evolution from a layered structure to a rock-salt phase is directly accompanied by serious intergranular cracks under 4.9 V,which is distinguished from the generally accepted structure evolution of layered,disordered layered,defect rock salt and rock salt phases,also observed under 4.3 and 4.7 V.The electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis also confirms the reduction of Ni and Co from the surface to the bulk,not the previously reported only Li/Ni interlayer mixing.The degradation mechanism of NCM811 at a high cut-off voltage of4.9 V is attributed to the formation of intergranular cracks induced by defects,the direct formation of the rock salt phase,and the accompanied reduction of Ni^(2+)and Co^(2+)phases from the surface to the bulk.

Engineer Nanoscale Defects into Selective Channels:MOF-Enhanced Li^(+) Separation by Porous Layered Double Hydroxide Membrane

Two-dimensional(2D)membrane-based ion separation technology has been increasingly explored to address the problem of lithium resource shortage,yet it remains a sound challenge to design 2D membranes of high selectivity and permeability for ion separation applications.Zeolitic imidazolate framework functionalized modified layered double hydroxide(ZIF-8@MLDH)composite membranes with high lithium-ion(Li^(+)) permeability and excellent operational stability were obtained in this work by in situ depositing functional ZIF-8 nanoparticles into the nanopores acting as framework defects in MLDH membranes.The defect-rich framework amplified the permeability of Li^(+),and the site-selective growth of ZIF-8 in the framework defects bettered its selectivity.Specifically speaking,the ZIF-8@MLDH membranes featured a high permeation rate of Li^(+) up to 1.73 mol m^(−2) h^(−1) and a desirable selectiv-ity of Li^(+)/Mg^(2+) up to 31.9.Simulations supported that the simultaneously enhanced selectivity and permeability of Li+are attributed to changes in the type of mass transfer channels and the difference in the dehydration capacity of hydrated metal cations when they pass through nanochannels of ZIF-8.This study will inspire the ongoing research of high-performance 2D membranes through the engineering of defects.

SAPT:a synchrotron-based proton therapy facility in Shanghai

Because of its excellent dose distribution,proton therapy is becoming increasingly popular in the medical application of cancer treatment.A synchrotron-based proton therapy facility was designed and constructed in Shanghai.The synchrotron,beam delivery system,and other technical systems were commissioned and reached their expected performances.After a clinical trial of 47 patients was finished,the proton therapy facility obtained a registration certificate from the National Medical Products Administration.The characteristics of the accelerator and treatment systems are described in this article.

Glycyrrhizic Acid Protects Glomerular Podocytes Induced by High Glucose by Modulating SNARK/AMPK Signaling Pathway

Objective:Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most important microvascular complications of diabetes,which mainly refers to glomerular capillary sclerosis.Podocytes are an important part of glomerular capillaries.Previous clinical and basic studies have shown that fibrosis is the main factor of diabetic nephropathy.This study aimed to assess the protective mechanism of glycyrrhizic acid(GA)on glomerular podocytes induced by high glucose as we hypothesized that GA may have antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects on podocytes through regulation of the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/sucrose nonfermenting AMPK-related kinase(SNARK)signaling pathway.Methods:SNARK siRNA was used to transfect podocytes.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining assays were used for molecular and pathological analysis.The expression levels of key pathway proteins(including TGF-β1,α-SMA,SITR1,AMPKα,LKB1,PGC-1α,NF-κB,IL-6,and TNF-α)were verified by Western blotting.The expression of inflammatory factors in podocytes was detected by ELISA.Results:We demonstrated that GA decreased the expression of podocyte fibrosis signaling pathway-related factors by upregulating the AMPK pathway and its related factors.However,after transfection of podocytes with SNARK siRNA,there was an increased expression of fibrosis-related factors and inflammation-related factors.Conclusion:GA can protect podocytes and alleviate fibrosis and inflammation induced by high glucose,which is related to the AMPK signaling pathway.Meanwhile,knockdown of SNARK protein can inhibit the AMPK signaling pathway,aggravate fibrosis,and increase inflammation.

Sanxingdui Cultural Relics Recognition Algorithm Based on Hyperspectral Multi-Network Fusion

Sanxingdui cultural relics are the precious cultural heritage of humanity with high values of history,science,culture,art and research.However,mainstream analytical methods are contacting and detrimental,which is unfavorable to the protection of cultural relics.This paper improves the accuracy of the extraction,location,and analysis of artifacts using hyperspectral methods.To improve the accuracy of cultural relic mining,positioning,and analysis,the segmentation algorithm of Sanxingdui cultural relics based on the spatial spectrum integrated network is proposed with the support of hyperspectral techniques.Firstly,region stitching algorithm based on the relative position of hyper spectrally collected data is proposed to improve stitching efficiency.Secondly,given the prominence of traditional HRNet(High-Resolution Net)models in high-resolution data processing,the spatial attention mechanism is put forward to obtain spatial dimension information.Thirdly,in view of the prominence of 3D networks in spectral information acquisition,the pyramid 3D residual network model is proposed to obtain internal spectral dimensional information.Fourthly,four kinds of fusion methods at the level of data and decision are presented to achieve cultural relic labeling.As shown by the experiment results,the proposed network adopts an integrated method of data-level and decision-level,which achieves the optimal average accuracy of identification 0.84,realizes shallow coverage of cultural relics labeling,and effectively supports the mining and protection of cultural relics.

Do alternative stable states exist in large shallow Taihu Lake,China?

Regime shifts from submersed macrophyte dominance to phytoplankton dominance have been widely reported in small-to medium-sized shallow lakes.However,alternative stable states in large shallow lakes(surface area>500 km^(2))remain unconfirmed.To understand the alternative stable states and the main influencing factors of submersed macrophytes in large lakes,the ecosystem states from monitoring data from 1959 to 2019 in large shallow Taihu Lake(2338 km^(2)in average depth of 2.12 m)in China were examined.Changes in submersed macrophyte coverage(C_(Mac))and phytoplankton chlorophyll a(Chl a)in the time series and their relationships with environmental factors were analyzed.During the field investigation from August 2018 to May 2019,nutrients and Chl a showed obvious heterogeneity across the lake,being generally higher in the western and northern areas and lower in the southeast area,while C_(Mac)was only observed in the eastern areas,e.g.,East Taihu Lake,Xukou Bay,and Gonghu Bay.During the long-term monitoring from 1959 to 2019 in the Central Region,Meiliang Bay,and East Taihu Lake,Chl a increased significantly in the time series.C_(Mac)varied slightly among different subareas,always at low levels(<10%)in the Central Region and Meiliang Bay but at relatively high levels in East Taihu Lake(10%–90%).Frequency distributions of response variables had no multimodality except for C_(Mac)in East Taihu Lake,with two peaks between 15%and 20%and between 55%and 60%.A dual relationship was found between Chl a and total phosphorus(TP)in the areas with and without macrophytes,while C_(Mac)showed no relationship with TP,and submersed macrophytes did not flourish in the Central Region and Meiliang Bay even when TP was at very low levels(≈10 mg/m3).Taihu Lake had similar algal turbidity(TurbAlg)as small-to mediumsized lakes but generally presented with higher values of nonalgal turbidity(TurbNonAlg),as did their contribution to total turbidity as a percentage.This study suggested that large shallow Taihu Lake may have no alternative stable states,but more evidence is needed for East Taihu Lake,which was dominated by macrophytes,as it remains unknown whether hysteresis occurs between the processes of eutrophication and oligotrophication.Unfavorable conditions caused by wind might be the main reason due to the absence of submersed macrophytes in Taihu Lake.These results demonstrate that stricter nutrient control is needed to maintain a healthy state or to recover from a decayed state for large lakes.

Flowback and early-time production modeling of unconventional gas wells using an improved semi-analytical method

Multiple fractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) currently are the only possible means of commercial production from the low and ultra-low permeability unconventional gas reservoirs. In early production time, flowback fluid, which constitutes of hydraulic water and gas flow within fractures, is collected and analyzed. Flowback analysis has been shown to be a useful tool to estimate key properties of the hydraulic fracture such as conductivity and pore volume. Until date, most tools of flowback analysis rely on empirical and approximate methods. This study presents an improved Green-function-based semi-analytical solution for performance analysis of horizontal gas wells during flowback and early production periods. The proposed solution is derived based on coupling the solutions of two domains: a rigorously derived Green’s function-based integral solution for single-phase gas flow in matrix, and a finite-difference, multiphase solution for gas–water two-phase flow in the fracture. The validity of proposed semi-analytical solution is verified by finely gridded numerical models built in a commercial simulator for a series of synthetic cases considering a variety of fluid and reservoir property combinations, as well as various different production constraints. Comparisons against available empirical and approximate methods are also provided for these cases.

CsBZIP40 confers resistance against citrus bacterial canker by repressing CsWRKY43-CsPrx53/CsSOD13 cascade mediated ROS scavenging

As the bacterial etiologic agent causing citrus bacterial canker(CBC),Xanthomonas citri subsp.citri(Xcc)seriously impacts citrus plantation and fruit production globally.In an earlier study,we demonstrated that CsBZIP40 can positively impact CBC resistance in the sweet orange(Citrus sinensis).However,the mechanistic basis for the protective benefits conferred by CsBZIP40 is yet to be delineated.Here,we show that CsBZIP40 positively regulates CBC resistance and reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis in transgenic sweet orange overexpressing CsBZIP40.CsBZIP40 directly binds to the TGA-box of the CsWRKY43 promoter to repress its transcriptional activity.CsWRKY43 overexpression induces CBC susceptibility in transgenic sweet oranges.In contrast,its inhibition produces strong resistance to CBC.CsWRKY43 directly binds to the W-boxes of the CsPrx53 and CsSOD13 promoters to positively regulate the activities of these antioxidant enzymes,resulting in the negative regulation of ROS homeostasis and CBC resistance in sweet orange plants.CsPrx53/CsSOD13 knockdown enhances ROS accumulation and CBC resistance.Overall,our results outline a regulatory pathway through which CsBZIP40 transcriptionally represses CsWRKY43-CsPrx53/CsSOD13 cascade-mediated ROS scavenging in a manner conducive to CBC resistance.These mechanisms underscore the potential importance of CsBZIP40,CsWRKY43,CsPrx53,and CsSOD13,providing promising strategies for the prevention of CBC.

A Novel Technique to Validate Dosimetry for Single-Isocenter Multiple-Target VMAT Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Each year, 170,000 cancer patients in the United States develop brain metastases. Many of them present with multiple small lesions. Historically, Linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was used to treat single solitary brain metastasis with a diameter of less than 3.0 cm, while whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) was used to treat multiple brain metastases mainly as palliative therapy. Evidence-based practices reveal that WBRT results in poor treatment outcomes, with high local recurrence rates, decreased cognitive function, and even the onset of dementia. Recently, volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) SRS has been tested as an alternative treatment to WBRT. Owing to its inherent complexity and high risk, it is imperative to perform rigorous testing prior to its clinical implementation. In this paper, we present a novel technique for dosimetry validation of VMAT SRS.

Practical Analysis of Mechanical Automation Technology in Automobile Manufacturing

In today’s rapidly developing modern society,automobiles,as an important part of transportation and industrial fields,play a pivotal role.With the improvement of people’s living standards and the increase in traffic demand,the automobile manufacturing industry has been continuously developing and growing globally.However,to cope with increasingly fierce market competition and ever-changing consumer demands,the automobile manufacturing industry is also facing the challenges of improving production efficiency,reducing costs,and improving product quality.In this context,automation technology has gradually become a major trend in the automobile manufacturing industry.As an important support of modern industry,automation technology has shown great application potential in many fields.From industrial production to daily life,automation technology can be seen everywhere.In the field of manufacturing,especially in automobile manufacturing,the application of automation technology is getting more and more attention.Automated production lines,intelligent robots,and automated warehousing systems have all changed the face of automobile manufacturing to varying degrees,bringing companies higher efficiency,more stable quality,and greater competitive advantages.The application trend of this automation technology in various fields not only meets the needs of modern industry for efficient,precise,and sustainable development but also provides new ideas and paths for the future development of the automobile manufacturing industry.

肝细粒棘球蚴病与肝炎病毒感染、肝硬化、肝细胞癌共患病的临床观察

目的了解肝细粒棘球蚴病与HBV/HCV感染、肝硬化、肝细胞癌共患病状态,为进一步探讨肝细粒棘球蚴病对慢性HBV/HCV感染-肝硬化-肝细胞癌的影响奠定基础。方法回顾性分析2003年—2019年石河子大学医学院第一附属医院收治的401例肝细粒棘球蚴病患者资料,明确肝细粒棘球蚴病与慢性HBV/HCV感染、肝硬化、肝细胞癌的共患状态,进一步选取肝细粒棘球蚴病合并慢性HBV/HCV感染病例(共患病组),匹配本院单纯慢性HBV/HCV感染患者为对照组,采用χ^(2)检验、Fisher确切概率法,分析两组病毒感染状态、肝硬化、肝细胞癌的疾病构成。结果共患病组38例(9.5%),合并HBV/HCV感染后肝硬化2例(0.5%),合并HBV/HCV感染后肝细胞癌0例。共患病组的慢性HBV感染者中非活动性HBsAg携带患者占81%,HBeAg阳性CHB患者占9.5%,HBeAg阴性CHB患者占9.5%;单纯慢性HBV/HCV感染组的HBV感染者中非活动性HBsAg携带患者占43%,HBeAg阳性CHB患者占33%,HBeAg阴性CHB患者占19%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.033);共患病组中HCV感染者的HCV RNA转阴率为73%,单纯慢性HBV/HCV感染组HCV感染者的HCV RNA转阴率为40%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.447,P=0.035);共患病组肝硬化占5.2%,肝细胞癌为0,对照组肝硬化占18.4%,肝细胞癌占5.2%,共患病组较对照组肝硬化、肝细胞癌比例降低,差异有统计学意义(P=0.048)。结论肝细粒棘球蚴病合并HBV/HCV感染的肝硬化占比较单纯病毒性肝炎少,未发现合并HBV/HCV感染后肝细胞癌病例。肝细粒棘球蚴病对慢性HBV/HCV感染-肝硬化-肝细胞癌的影响需进一步多中心研究。

玻璃体切除术后白内障发生或进展的机制及其影响因素

玻璃体切除术(pars plana vitrectomy,PPV)自1972年由O'Malley提出后已成为眼科治疗史的一大革命,打破了既往的手术禁区,为无数玻璃体视网膜疾病的患者带去了希望。随着玻璃体切除术的不断发展,其安全性及有效性增加,手术适应证扩大,目前玻璃体切除术已成为治疗眼后段疾病最常用的手术方式。虽然玻璃体切除术后并发症越来越少,但白内障的发生或进展仍为PPV术后最常见的高发并发症,严重影响患者术后视力及眼底的观察,且目前尚无有效办法预防,白内障摘除手术为其主要治疗方法,严重增加了患者的负担。PPV术后白内障进展的影响因素众多,对其发病机制有多种假说,包括晶状体周围氧分压增高、玻璃体正常结构的破坏、光毒性等,但尚无定论。本文将从PPV术后白内障发生或进展的发生率、发生机制、影响因素几方面对玻璃体切除术后白内障发生或进展进行综述,以期为其后续的研究及临床预防和治疗提供参考。