Air-Stable Binary Hydrated Eutectic Electrolytes with Unique Solvation Structure for Rechargeable Aluminum-Ion Batteries

Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)have been highlighted as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage due to the abundant reserve,light weight,low cost,and good safety of Al.However,the development of AIBs faces challenges due to the usage of AlCl_(3)-based ionic liquid electrolytes,which are expensive,corrosive,and sensitive to humidity.Here,we develop a low-cost,non-corrosive,and air-stable hydrated eutectic electrolyte composed of aluminum perchlorate nonahydrate and methylurea(MU)ligand.Through optimizing the molar ratio to achieve the unique solvation structure,the formed Al(ClO_4)_(3)·9H_(2)O/MU hydrated deep eutectic electrolyte(AMHEE)with an average coordination number of 2.4 can facilely realize stable and reversible deposition/stripping of Al.When combining with vanadium oxide nanorods positive electrode,the Al-ion full battery delivers a high discharge capacity of 320 mAh g^(-1)with good capacity retention.The unique solvation structure with a low desolvation energy of the AMHEE enables Al^(3+)insertion/extraction during charge/discharge processes,which is evidenced by in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction.This work opens a new pathway of developing low-cost,safe,environmentally friendly and high-performance electrolytes for practical and sustainable AIBs.

Numerical Simulation Investigation on Parameter Optimization of Deep-Sea Mining Vehicles

The four-track walking mining vehicle can better cope with the complex terrain of cobalt-rich crusts on the seabed.To explore the influence of different parameters on the obstacle-crossing ability of mining vehicles,this paper took a certain type of mine vehicle as an example and establish a mechanical model of the mine vehicle.Through this model,the vehicle's traction coefficient variation could be analyzed during the obstacle-crossing process.It also reflected the relationship between the obstacle-crossing ability and the required traction coefficient.Many parameters were used for this analysis including the radius of the guide wheel radius,ground clearance of the driving wheel,the dip angle of the approaching angular and the position of centroid.The result showed that the ability to cross the obstacles requires adhesion coefficient as support.When the ratio between obstacle height and ground clearance of the guide wheel was greater than 0.7,the required adhesion coefficient increased sharply.The ability to cross obstacles will decrease,if the radius of the guide wheel increases,the height of the driving wheel increases or the dip angle of the approaching angular increases.It was most beneficial to cross the obstacle when-the ratio of the distance between the center of mass and the front driving wheel to the wheelbase is between 0.450.48.The results of this paper could provide reference for structural parameter design and performance research for mining vehicles.

Development and Validation of a Prediction Model on Adult Emergency Department Patients for Early Identification of Fulminant Myocarditis

Objective It is difficult to predict fulminant myocarditis at an early stage in the emergency department.The objective of this study was to construct and validate a simple prediction model for the early identification of fulminant myocarditis.Methods A total of 61 patients with fulminant myocarditis and 160 patients with acute myocarditis were enrolled in the training and internal validation cohorts.LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression were selected to develop the prediction model.The selection of the model was based on overall performance and simplicity.A nomogram based on the optimal model was built,and its clinical usefulness was evaluated by decision curve analysis.The predictive model was further validated in an external validation group.Results The resulting prediction model was based on 4 factors:systolic blood pressure,troponin I,left ventricular ejection fraction,and ventricular wall motion abnormality.The Brier scores of the final model were 0.078 in the training data set and 0.061 in the internal testing data set,respectively.The C-indexes of the training data set and the testing data set were 0.952 and 0.968,respectively.Decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram model developed based on the 4 predictors above had a positive net benefit for predicting probability thresholds.In the external validation cohort,the model also showed good performance(Brier score=0.007,and C-index=0.989).Conclusion We developed and validated an early prediction model consisting of 4 clinical factors(systolic blood pressure,troponin I,left ventricular ejection fraction,and ventricular wall motion abnormality)to identify potential fulminant myocarditis patients in the emergency department.

Analysis of EGFR gene mutations in lung adenocarcinoma in Karamay,Xinjiang,China

Background:To investigate the mutation types and mutation rate of the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)gene in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and the clinical features of lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR gene mutations in Karamay,Xinjiang,China.Methods:Paraffin-embedded tissue samples of adenocarcinoma patients were collected in the Karamay Central Hospital from March 2016 to June 2019,and mutations in exon 18–21 of the EGFR gene were detected by the allele-specific amplification polymerase chain reaction(Amplification RefractoryMutation System–PCR)method.The relationships between themutation types,mutation incidence,and clinical features were analyzed.Results:Of the 170 patients with lung adenocarcinoma,83 had EGFR mutations.The total mutation rate of EGFR in patients with lung adenocarcinoma was 48.8%,which included mutations in exons 18(1.2%[2/170]),19(19.4%[33/170]),20(2.4%[4/170]),and 21(20.6%[35/170]).Intriguingly,there was a case with 9 mutations in exons 20 and 21.The mutations in exon 19 of EGFR resulted in the deletion of codons 746 to 750.The main mutation in exon 21 was L858R(91.4%[32/35]).There was no significant difference in exons 19 and 21 mutation rates(P>0.05).The mutation rate of EGFR in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients(P<0.05)but had no correlation with the age,smoking status,and clinical stage of patients with non–small cell lung cancer(P>0.05).The EGFR mutation rate may be related to the degree of tumor differentiation.Conclusions:Among patients with lung adenocarcinoma in Kelamayi(city in Xinjiang),EGFR mutations were more frequently detected in female patients,and the main sites of mutations were exons 19 and 21.

Long radial coherence of electron temperature fluctuations in non-local transport in HL-2A plasmas

The dynamics of long-wavelength(kθ<1.4 cm^(-1)),broadband(20 kHz–200 kHz)electron temperature fluctuations(Te/Te)of plasmas in gas-puff experiments are observed for the first time in HL-2A tokamak.In a relatively low density(ne(0)■0.91×10^(19)m^(-3)–1.20×10^(19)m^(-3))scenario,after gas-puffing the core temperature increases and the edge temperature drops.On the contrary,temperature fluctuation drops at the core and increases at the edge.Analyses show the non-local emergence is accompanied with a long radial coherent length of turbulent fluctuations.While in a higher density(ne(0)?1.83×10^(19)m^(-3)–2.02×10^(19)m^(-3))scenario,the phenomena are not observed.Furthermore,compelling evidence indicates that E×B shear serves as a substantial contributor to this extensive radial interaction.This finding offers a direct explanatory link to the intriguing core-heating phenomenon witnessed within the realm of non-local transport.

Rice canopy temperature is affected by nitrogen fertilizer

Canopy temperature strongly influences crop yield formation and is closely related to plant physiological traits.However, the effects of nitrogen treatment on canopy temperature and rice growth have yet to be comprehensively examined. We conducted a two-year field experiment with three rice varieties(HD-5, NJ-9108, and YJ-805) and three nitrogen treatments(zero-N control(CK), 200 kg ha~(–1)(MN), and 300 kg ha~(–1)(HN)). We measured canopy temperature using a drone equipped with a high-precision camera at the six stages of the growth period. Generally,canopy temperature was significantly higher for CK than for MN and HN during the tillering, jointing, booting, and heading stages. The temperature was not significantly different among the nitrogen treatments between the milky and waxy stages. The canopy temperature of different rice varieties was found to follow the order: HD-5>NJ-9108>YJ-805, but the difference was not significant. The canopy temperature of rice was mainly related to plant traits, such as shoot fresh weight(correlation coefficient r=–0.895), plant water content(–0.912), net photosynthesis(–0.84), stomatal conductance(–0.91), transpiration rate(–0.90), and leaf stomatal area(–0.83). A structural equation model(SEM) showed that nitrogen fertilizer was an important factor affecting the rice canopy temperature.Our study revealed:(1) A suite of plant traits was associated with the nitrogen effects on canopy temperature,(2) the heading stage was the best time to observe rice canopy temperature, and(3) at that stage, canopy temperature was negatively correlated with rice yield, panicle number, and grain number per panicle. This study suggests that canopy temperature can be a convenient and accurate indicator of rice growth and yield prediction.

The Effect of Blood Lipid Profiles on Chronic Kidney Disease in a Prospective Cohort:Based on a Regression Discontinuity Design

Objective Previous studies on the association between lipid profiles and chronic kidney disease(CKD)have yielded inconsistent results and no defined thresholds for blood lipids.Methods A prospective cohort study including 32,351 subjects who completed baseline and follow-up surveys over 5 years was conducted.Restricted cubic splines and Cox models were used to examine the association between the lipid profiles and CKD.A regression discontinuity design was used to determine the cutoff value of lipid profiles that was significantly associated with increased the risk of CKD.Results Over a median follow-up time of 2.2(0.5,4.2)years,648(2.00%)subjects developed CKD.The lipid profiles that were significantly and linearly related to CKD included total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),TC/HDL-C,and TG/HDL-C,whereas lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and LDL-C/HDL-C were nonlinearly correlated with CKD.TC,TG,TC/HDL-C,and TG/HDL-C showed an upward jump at the cutoff value,increasing the risk of CKD by 0.90%,1.50%,2.30%,and 1.60%,respectively,whereas HDL-C showed a downward jump at the cutoff value,reducing this risk by 1.0%.Female and participants with dyslipidemia had a higher risk of CKD,while the cutoff values for the different characteristics of the population were different.Conclusion There was a significant association between lipid profiles and CKD in a prospective cohort from Northwest China,while TG,TC/HDL-C,and TG/HDL-C showed a stronger risk association.The specific cutoff values of lipid profiles may provide a clinical reference for screening or diagnosing CKD risk.

Diagnostic delay in inflammatory bowel disease:Current situation and problems

In this article,we comment on the article by Blüthner et al published recently.Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease,is a chronic relapsing and remitting condition primarily as a consequence of intestinal inflammation.It is important about adopting early and effective treatment to control clinical symptoms of IBD patients.Diagnostic delay can lead to adverse clinical outcomes and increase disease burden.Diagnostic delay is multifactorial.There are some factors related to diagnostic delay,such as patient factors and healthcare factors.We focus on the diagnostic tools for IBD,the outcomes and factors of diagnostic delay of IBD.

Fecal microbiota transplantation for irritable bowel syndrome:Current evidence and perspectives

In this editorial we comment on the article published in the recent issue of the World journal of Gastroenterology.We focus specifically on the mechanisms underlying the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),the factors which affect the outcomes of FMT in IBS patients,and challenges.FMT has emerged as a efficacious intervention for clostridium difficile infection and holds promise as a therapeutic modality for IBS.The utilization of FMT in the treatment of IBS has undergone scrutiny in numerous randomized controlled trials,yielding divergent outcomes.The current frontier in this field seeks to elucidate these variations,underscore the existing knowledge gaps that necessitate exploration,and provide a guideline for successful FMT implementation in IBS patients.At the same time,the application of FMT as a treatment for IBS confronts several challenges.

Effects of quantum noise on teleportation of arbitrary two-qubit state via five-particle Brown state

We propose a new protocol for quantum teleportation(QT)which adopts the Brown state as the quantum channel.This work focuses on the teleportation of a single unknown two-qubit state via a Brown state channel in an ideal environment.To validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme,we conduct experiments by using the quantum circuit simulator Quirk.Furthermore,we investigate the effects of four noisy channels,namely,the phase damping noise,the bit-flip noise,the amplitude damping noise,and the phase-flip noise.Notably,we employ Monte Carlo simulation to elucidate the fidelity density under various noise parameters.Our analysis demonstrates that the fidelity of the protocol in a noisy environment is influenced significantly by the amplitude of the initial state and the noise factor.

多蒸多制工艺过程中酒黄精多糖的单糖组成变化研究

采用HPLC-ESLC法测定多批不同蒸制工艺制得的酒黄精多糖的单糖组成变化规律,为酒黄精炮制工艺标准化评价提供依据。结果表明,生黄精(黄精饮片)、酒黄精(一蒸一制)、酒黄精(二蒸二制)、酒黄精(四蒸四制)、酒黄精(六蒸六制)、酒黄精(九蒸九制)多糖中单糖组成均检测到岩藻糖、果糖,9种饮片黄精多糖中岩藻糖含量为7.62~3.28 mg·g^(-1),果糖含量为5.36~0.78 mg·g^(-1);岩藻糖与果糖含量比值为1.42~4.18。酒黄精蒸制次数不同,饮片中黄精多糖单糖组分岩藻糖、果糖含量及岩藻糖与果糖含量比值变化具有一定的规律性。上述结果可为酒黄精炮制工艺标准化及酒黄精质量评价提供参考依据。

On-line near-infrared spectroscopy optimizing and monitoring biotransformation process of γ-aminobutyric acid

Near-infrared spectroscopy （NIRS） with its fast and nondestructive advantages can be qualified for the real-time quantitative analysis. This paper demonstrates that NIRS combined with partial least squares （PLS） regression can be used as a rapid analytical method to simultaneously quantify L-glutamic acid （L- GIu） and γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） in a biotransformation process and to guide the optimization of production conditions when the merits of NIRS are combined with response surface methodology. The high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） reference analysis was performed by the o-phthaldialdehyde pre-column derivatization. NIRS measurements of two batches of 141 samples were firstly analyzed by PLS with several spectral pre-processing methods. Compared with those of the HPLC reference analysis, the resulting determination coefficients （R2）, root mean square error of prediction （RMSEP） and residual predictive deviation （RPD） of the external validation for the L-GIu concentration were 99.5%, 1.62 g/L, and 11.3, respectively. For the GABA concentration, R2, RMSEP, and RPD were 99.8%, 4.00 g/L, and 16.4, respectively. This NIRS model was then used to optimize the biotransformation process through a Box- Behnken experimental design. Under the optimal conditions without pH adjustment, 200 gjL L-GIu could be catalyzed by 7148 U/L glutamate decarboxylase （GAD） to GABA, reaching 99% conversion at the fifth hour. NIRS analysis provided timely information on the conversion from L-GIu to GABA. The results suggest that the NIRS model can not only be used for the routine profiling of enzymatic conversion, providing a simple and effective method of monitoring the biotransformation process of GABA, but also be considered to be an optimal tool to guide the optimization of production conditions.

教学内容导向下的城市设计本科教学思考

近年来,以调研为导向的研究型教学方法及内容在城市设计课程教学中成为主流,被广泛应用并渐成体系,形成了对传统“空间形态建构”导向教学的重要补充,学生调研能力普遍提高,对城市的认知更加系统、科学、深入,可伴随而来的却是学生空构能力普遍弱化的显著现象。同时,随着国土空间规划体系的变革,城市设计的目标体系、价值体系、技术方法体系都更加复杂多元,城市设计的本科教学到底是“面向时代变化”还是“面向学科本体”,成为当代城市设计本科课程教学中亟须回答的一个重要问题。本文从当代城市设计课程教学的两种主要内容导向入手分析其教学目的、方法、要求和难度,提出两点建议以期回应“时代变化”与“学科本体”两种教学目标。

Atomically Dispersed Iron Active Sites Promoting Reversible Redox Kinetics and Suppressing Shuttle Effect in Aluminum-Sulfur Batteries

Rechargeable aluminum-sulfur(Al-S)batteries have been considered as a highly potential energy storage system owing to the high theoretical capacity,good safety,abundant natural reserves,and low cost of Al and S.However,the research progress of Al-S batteries is limited by the slow kinetics and shuttle effect of soluble polysulfides intermediates.Herein,an interconnected free-standing interlayer of iron sin-gle atoms supported on porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers(FeSAs-NCF)on the separator is developed and used as both catalyst and chemical barrier for Al-S batteries.The atomically dispersed iron active sites(Fe-N_(4))are clearly identified by aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge structure.The Al-S battery with the FeSAs-NCF shows an improved specific capacity of 780 mAh g^(−1)and enhanced cycle stability.As evidenced by experimental and theoretical results,the atomically dispersed iron active centers on the separator can chemically adsorb the polysulfides and accelerate reaction kinetics to inhibit the shuttle effect and promote the reversible conversion between aluminum polysulfides,thus improving the electrochemical performance of the Al-S battery.This work provides a new way that can not only promote the conversion of aluminum sulfides but also suppress the shuttle effect in Al-S batteries.

Deterministic remote state preparation of arbitrary three-qubit state through noisy cluster-GHZ channel

We propose a novel scheme for remote state preparation of an arbitrary three-qubit state with unit success probability,utilizing a nine-qubit cluster-GHZ state without introducing auxiliary qubits.Furthermore,we proceed to investigate the effects of different quantum noises(e.g.,amplitude-damping,phase-damping,bit-flip and phase-flip noises)on the systems.The fidelity results of three-qubit target state are presented,which are usually used to illustrate how close the output state is to the target state.To compare the different effects between the four common types of quantum noises,the fidelities under one specific identical target state are also calculated and discussed.It is found that the fidelity of the phase-flip noisy channel drops the fastest through the four types of noisy channels,while the fidelity is found to always maintain at 1 in bit-flip noisy channel.

A Penalty Function Algorithm with Objective Parameters and Constraint Penalty Parameter for Multi-Objective Programming

In this paper, we present an algorithm to solve the inequality constrained multi-objective programming (MP) by using a penalty function with objective parameters and constraint penalty parameter. First, the penalty function with objective parameters and constraint penalty parameter for MP and the corresponding unconstraint penalty optimization problem (UPOP) is defined. Under some conditions, a Pareto efficient solution (or a weakly-efficient solution) to UPOP is proved to be a Pareto efficient solution (or a weakly-efficient solution) to MP. The penalty function is proved to be exact under a stable condition. Then, we design an algorithm to solve MP and prove its convergence. Finally, numerical examples show that the algorithm may help decision makers to find a satisfactory solution to MP.

Inhibition of Notch 1 signaling in the subacute stage after stroke promotes striatal astrocyte-derived neurogenesis

Inhibition of Notch1 signaling has been shown to promote astrocyte-derived neurogenesis after stroke.To investigate the regulatory role of Notch1 signaling in this process,in this study,we used a rat model of stroke based on middle cerebral artery occlusion and assessed the behavior of reactive astrocytes post-stroke.We used theγ-secretase inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-diuorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butylester(DAPT)to block Notch1 signaling at 1,4,and 7 days after injury.Our results showed that only administration of DAPT at 4 days after stroke promoted astrocyte-derived neurogenesis,as manifested by recovery of white matter fiber bundle integrity on magnetic resonance imaging,which is consistent with recovery of neurologic function.These findings suggest that inhibition of Notch1 signaling at the subacute stage post-stroke mediates neural repair by promoting astrocyte-derived neurogenesis.

Effect of individualized nutrition interventions on clinical outcomes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)can lead to excessive pregnancy weight gain(PWG),abnormal glucolipid metabolism,and delayed lactation.Therefore,it is necessary to provide appropriate and effective interventions for pregnant women with GDM.AIM To clarify the effects of individualized nutrition interventions on PWG,glucolipid metabolism,and lactation in pregnant women with GDM.METHODS The study population consisted of 410 pregnant women with GDM who received treatment at the Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital of Jiangsu Provinceand Yangzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital between December 2020 and December 2022,including 200 who received routine in-terventions[control(Con)group]and 210 who received individualized nutrition interventions[research(Res)group].Data on PWG,glucolipid metabolism[total cholesterol,(TC);triglycerides(TGs);fasting blood glucose(FPG);glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)],lactation time,perinatal complications(cesarean section,premature rupture of membranes,postpartum hemorrhage,and pregnancy-induced hypertension),and neonatal adverse events(premature infants,fetal macrosomia,hypo-glycemia,and respiratory distress syndrome)were collected for comparative analysis.RESULTS The data revealed markedly lower PWG in the Res group vs the Con group,as well as markedly reduced TG,TC,FPG and HbA1c levels after the intervention that were lower than those in the Con group.In addition,obviously earlier lactation and statistically lower incidences of perinatal complications and neonatal adverse events were observed in the Res group.CONCLUSION Individualized nutrition interventions can reduce PWG in pregnant women with GDM,improve their glucolipid metabolism,and promote early lactation,which deserves clinical promotion.

Production of palmitoleic acid by oleaginous yeast Scheffersomyces segobiensis DSM 27193 using systematic dissolved oxygen regulation strategy

Palmitoleic acid(POA)can be naturally found only in few oil seeds and has significant applications in pharmaceutical industry.Recently,the isolated oleaginous yeast Scheffersomyces segobiensis DSM 27193 was identified with high content of POA in its intracellular lipid(13.80%).In this study,process optimization focused on dissolved oxygen regulation to improve POA production was conducted.Dynamic agitation was found to do significant enhancement on POA-rich lipid production than aeration regulation.Under the best condition of 1000 r·min^(-1)of agitation and 1 vvm(airvolume/culture volume/min)of aeration,no ethanol was detected during the whole fermentation process,while a dry biomass concentration of 44.80 g·L^(-1)with 13.43 g·L^(-1)of lipid and 2.93 g·L^(-1)of POA was achieved.Transcription analysis revealed that the ethanol synthetic pathway was downregulated under the condition of high agitation,while the expression of the key enzymes responsible for lipid and POA accumulation were enhanced.

The Effect of Organ Temperature on Total Yield of Transplanted and Direct-Seeded Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

The canopy temperature of rice is an important index that directly reflects the growth and physiological state of rice,and affects the yield of rice plants to a great extent.The correlation between the temperatures of different rice organs and canopy in different growth stages and the grain yield is complex.The stability and universality of these correlations must be verified.We conducted a pot experiment using two rice varieties and two temperature treatments(high temperature treatment was carried out at the beginning of heading stage for 10 days).We measured rice organ temperature during seven stages of growth using a high-precision infrared thermal imager.Results showed that the optimal observation period for the rice canopy temperature was 13:00.Although the rice variety did not significantly impact the canopy or organ temperature(p>0.05),the different organs and canopy exhibited significantly different temperatures(p<0.05).The correlations between the leaf,stem,panicle,canopy–air temperature differences and seed setting rate,theoretical and actual yields were the strongest during the milk stage.Among them,the correlation coefficient betweenΔT_(s) and theoretical and actual yields was the highest,the relationship between theoretical yield(Y)andΔT_(s)(X)was Y=−5.6965X+27.778,R^(2)=0.9155.Compared withΔT_(l),ΔT_(p) andΔTc,ΔT_(s) was closely related to the main traits of plants.ΔT_(s) could better reflect the growth characteristics of rice thanΔT_(c),such as dry matter accumulation(r=−0.931),SPAD(r=0.699),N concentration(r=0.714),transpiration rate(r=−0.722).In conclusion,stem temperature was more important indicator than canopy temperature.Stem temperature is a better screening index for rice breeding and cultivation management in the future.