A novel profile modification HPF-Co gel satisfied with fractured low permeability reservoirs in high temperature and high salinity

Conformance control and water plugging are a widely used EOR method in mature oilfields.However,majority of conformance control and water plugging agents are unavoidable dehydrated situation in high-temperature and high-salinity low permeability reservoirs.Consequently,a novel conformance control system HPF-Co gel,based on high-temperature stabilizer(CoCl_(2)·H_(2)O,CCH)is developed.The HPF-Co bulk gel has better performances with high temperature(120℃)and high salinity(1×10^(5)mg/L).According to Sydansk coding system,the gel strength of HPF-Co with CCH is increased to code G.The dehydration rate of HPF-Co gel is 32.0%after aging for 150 d at 120℃,showing excellent thermal stability.The rheological properties of HPF gel and HPF-Co gel are also studied.The results show that the storage modulus(G′)of HPF-Co gel is always greater than that of HPF gel.The effect of CCH on the microstructure of the gel is studied.The results show that the HPF-Co gel with CCH has a denser gel network,and the diameter of the three-dimensional network skeleton is 1.5-3.5μm.After 90 d of aging,HPF-Co gel still has a good three-dimensional structure.Infrared spectroscopy results show that CCH forms coordination bonds with N and O atoms in the gel amide group,which can suppress the vibration of cross-linked sites and improve the stability at high temperature.Fractured core plugging test determines the optimized polymer gel injection strategy and injection velocity with HPF-Co bulk gel system,plugging rate exceeding 98%.Moreover,the results of subsequent waterflooding recovery can be improved by 17%.

Damping Properties of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Rubber/Polylactic Acid Blends

In this research, ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber (EVM)/polylactic acid (PLA) = 80/20 by weight blend was compounded with silica in a Haake torque rheometer. The effects of hindered phenol (AO-60), super branched polyol, petroleum resin C9, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and acrylic rubber (ACM) on the damping properties of blends were investigated by dynamic mechanic analyzer (DMA). The results showed that 20 phr super branched polyol significantly increased the damping factor of PLA to widen the effective damping temperature range from 42.1℃to 102.5℃. 15 phr AO-60 and 10 phr petroleum resin C9 both dramatically raised the blend’s damping factor to broaden the effective damping temperature range to 98.0℃ and 102.6℃, respectively. ACM and PVC are compatible with EVM, and both improved the damping properties of EVM/PLA blends.

Application of nanomaterial for enhanced oil recovery

Nanofluid offers more opportunities and challenges over the traditional surfactant and polymer solutions during enhanced oil recovery(commonly referred to as tertiary oil recovery)due to its remarkable properties.This review mainly discusses the preparation methods of amphiphilic nanoparticles due to their higher interface activity than sole hydrophilic or hydrophobic nanoparticles(SHNPs).The nanofluids’stability is reviewed in this work.Moreover,the mechanisms of nanofluids in enhancing oil recovery(N-EOR)in terms of interfacial tension reduction,wettability alteration,foam stabilization,emulsion stabilization,structural disjoining pressure,and depressurization-increasing injection are mainly summarized and reviewed.Also,the synergistic effects of nanofluids and traditional surfactants and polymers are discussed.Finally,nanofluids’challenges and prospects are also outlined.The nanofluids can still be regarded as an outstanding candidate for enhancing oil recovery significantly in the future although there are limitations on their applications from laboratory scale to field scale.

Correlation of RUNX3 expression with microvessel density in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and clinical significance

Objective: To study the expression of RUNX3 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and its correlation with microvessel density(MVD),and investigate the clinical pathological prognostic significance of RUNX3 and MVD in patients with colorectal cancer,Methods: The expression value of RUNX3 and MVD in 70 specimens' colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry staining technique,The correlation between their expression and the clinicopathologic features was also investigated,Results: The expression value of RUNX3 and the positive rates of RUNX3 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were 3.25±1.14 and 25.71%(18/70),The expression value of MVD in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues was 13.14±3.23,Expression of RUNX3 and MVD value were correlated with CEA,serosal invasion,liver metastasis,lymph node metastasis,and TNM stage(P<0.01),The expression value of RUNX3 had negative correlations with that of MVD,Conclusions: The high expression of RUNX3 could inhibit tumor microvascular generation in order to have negative control response on invasion and distant metastasis.

Utilization mechanism of foam flooding and distribution situation of residual oil in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs

The development of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs is extremely difficult because of the complex fractured-vuggy structure and strong heterogeneity.Foam flooding is a potential enhanced oil recovery(EOR)technology in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.Based on the similarity criterion,three types of 2D visual physical models of the fractured-vuggy structure were made by laser ablation technique,and a 3D visual physical model of the fractured-vuggy reservoir was made by 3D printing technology.Then the physical analog experiments of foam flooding were carried out in these models.The experimental results show that foam can effectively improve the mobility ratio,control the flow velocity of the fluid in different directions,and sweep complex fracture networks.The effect of foam flooding in fractures can be improved by increasing foam strength and enhancing foam stability.The effect of foam flooding in vugs can be improved by reducing the density of the foam and the interfacial tension between foam and oil.Three types of microscopic residual oil and three types of macroscopic residual oil can be displaced by foam flooding.This study verifies the EOR of foam flooding in the fractured-vuggy reservoir and provides theoretical support for the application of foam flooding in fractured-vuggy reservoirs.

Correlation of caveolin-1 expression with microlymphatic vessel density in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and its correlation with prognosis

Objective: To study the expression of caveolin-1 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and its correlation with microlymphatic vessel density(LMVD), and to investigate the clinical pathological prognostic significance of caveolin-1 and LMVD in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: The expression of caveolin-1 and LMVD in 45 specimens of normal colorectal tissues, and 90 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry technique. The correlation between their expression and the clinicopathologic features was analyzed. Muhivariable Cox regression was used to analyze the association between the laboratory indices and overall survival time. Results: The positive rates of caveolin-1 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in normal colorectal tissues(P<0.01). LMVD in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in normal colorectal tissues(P<0.01). Mean LMVD in group with caveolin-1 positive was significantly higher than in that with caveolin-1 negative. The median survival time was 26.7 months. Cox regression analysis showed that the caveolin-1 expression, invation depth, lymph nodemetastasis, TNM stage, liver metastasis and LMVD were independent risk factors of overall survival time of patients with colorectal carcinoma. Conclusions: Caveolin-1 may contribute to the lymphangiogenesis in the tumor. During the occurrence and development of colorectal adenocarcinoma, there is a close relationship between the expression of caveolin-1 and lymphatic microvessel of tumor. Caveolin-1 expression and microlymphatic vessel density are significant prognostic value of colorectal carcinoma.

Adjustable robust low-carbon dispatch for interconnected power systems in Northeast Asian countries

Interconnected power systems that link several countries and fully utilize their individual resources in a complementary manner are becoming increasingly important.As these systems enhanee accommodation of renewable energy,they also represent a move toward low-carbon and low-emissi on power systems.In this paper,a low-carb on dispatch model is proposed to coo rd i nate the gen erati on output betwee n several coun tries where the carb on emissi on constraint is a priority.An adjustable robust optimization approach is used to find the optimal solution under the worst-case scenario to address the uncertainties associated with renewable energy resources.A specific constraint is that the area control error for each country should be self-balanced.Furthermore,a reformation using participation factors is presented to simplify the proposed robust dispatch model.Simulation results for practical interconnected power systems in northeast Asian countries verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Licorice and its main components on the treatment of diabetes and its complications:A review of in vivo and in vitro studies

Licorice is one of the oldest herbal medicines for its various ethno pharmacological uses.In both Asian and European countries,it has been recorded for treatment of inflammatory diseases.A large number of ingredients have been isolated from licorice,including triterpene saponins and flavonoids,which are normally being considered to be the main biologically active components.In the last decade,licorice has been proved exert anti-diabetic effect in various in vivo and in vitro models of diabetes mellitus.Furthermore,licorice can also antagonize all sorts of diabetes complications,including diabetic nephropathy,atherosclerosis,diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy.Except anti-inflammation,licorice and its active components show anti-diabetic effects by improving insulin resistance and increasing insulin secretion,regulating lipid metabolism,and anti-oxidation.The useful effects of licorice and its active components are due to regulating different pathways and proteins,including NF-κB,AMPK,insulin signaling pathway,MAPK,etc.In this review,we provide an overview of the beneficial effects and related molecular mechanism of licorice and its effective components on improving diabetes and its complications.

A novel polymer gel with high-temperature and high-salinity resistance for conformance control in carbonate reservoirs

Plugging agents have been widely used to enhance oil recovery in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.However,the harsh conditions of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs yield a significant challenge in maintaining a long-term stabilization of plugging agents.In this work,we developed an anti-hightemperature and high-salinity polymer gel(APG)with excellent resistance to high temperature(140℃)and ultra-high salinity(240000 mg/L).The rheology and microstructure of APG were characterized before and after gelation.Core plugging tests on fractured cubic cores were conducted to quantify the plugging performance of the gel system.Experimental results showed that the Sclerglucan and Cobalt(Ⅱ)Chloride Hexahydrate filled the three-dimensional(3-D)network with various morphologies,providing extra protection to the cross-linking points of the 3D network structure of APG and thus,leading to a prolongation of the dehydration time.The dehydration rate of APG was only 5%within 30days,and the strength of APG could be maintained at a rigid or near-rigid level over 150 days.Moreover,APG exhibited satisfactory shear and scour resistance.Core plugging tests showed that APG could achieve a plugging rate of 90%and demonstrate ignorable minor damage to the substrate.Our results indicate that APG can serve as a great candidate in channel plugging in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs where fractures are fully developed.

Main alkaloids of Rhizoma Coptidis improved palmitic acidinduced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via AMPK and MAPK signaling pathway

Rhizoma Coptidis,a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,has been used for treating diabetes for thousands of years.However,the molecular basis for this action has not been elucidated.In the present study,the effects of seven main alkaloids of Rhizoma Coptidis on glycometabolism were investigated and the related molecular mechanism of five active compounds on insulin resistant(IR)cell model was explored for the first time.Results showed that berberine,palmatine,epiberberine,columbamine and groenlandicine enhanced glucose consumption in the palmitic acid(PA)-induced IR-HepG2 cells,indicating that these compounds could improve IR.In addition,we found that among these active alkaloids,berberine,columbamine,epiberberine and groenlandicine could inhibit the activation of ERK and p38 pathway,while berberine,columbamine,palmatine and epiberberine could activate AMPK pathway.Moreover,palmatine and columbamine regulated the mRNA expression of GLUT2 to ameliorate IR via activating AMPK and inactivating p38 MAPK signal pathway.To sum up,berberine,columbamine,palmatine,epiberberine and groenlandicine might be the active reagents,which contribute to the glucose lowering effects of Rhizoma Coptidis.

A method for determining the cutting efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas system in birch and poplar

Determination of Cas9 cutting efficiency to the target sites is important for genome editing.However,this determination can only be made via an in vitro method,as the purification of Cas protein and synthesis of gRNA are necessary.Here,we developed an in vivo method,called transient CRISPR/Cas editing in plants(TCEP)to determine Cas9 cutting efficiency.The CRISPR/Cas vector for plant transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens was constructed as normal.Using the transient transformation method we built,the Cas9 protein and gRNA were transiently expressed and formed a complex to cut its target sites,resulting in dynamic DNA breakage.The broken DNA was quantified using qPCR to measure the efficiencies of Cas9 cutting.We studied the Cas9 cutting efficiencies to different target sites in Betula platyphylla and Populus davidiana×P.bolleana plants using TCEP and an in vitro method.The results of TCEP were consistent with those of the in vitro method,suggesting that the TCEP method is reliable in determining cutting efficiency.Additionally,using the TCEP method,we showed that both heat and sonication treatment significantly improved CRISPR/Cas efficiency.Therefore,the TCEP method has broad application value and can not only be used to analyze the CRISPR/Cas efficiency but also to determine the factors involved in Cas9 cutting.

财会审监督协同对公司治理的影响

经济越发展,经济监督越重要。经济监督不仅是国家宏观治理的重要组成部分,也是微观公司治理的重要组成部分。要做好公司治理中的经济监督,加强财务监督、会计监督和审计监督的协同是十分必要的,只有财会审监督协同一致,才能保证公司治理中的财务治理、会计治理和审计治理的效果。财务契约监督是财务治理的关键,会计信息质量监督是会计治理的基础,审计全方位监督是审计治理的保证。搞好财会审监督协同对完善公司治理有着重要的价值。

Rational design of asymmetric atomic Ni-P1N3 active sites for promoting electrochemical CO_(2)reduction

The atomic-level interfacial regulation of single metal sites through heteroatom doping can significantly improve the characteristics of the catalyst and obtain surprising activity.Herein,nickel single-site catalysts(SSCs)with dual-coordinated phosphorus and nitrogen atoms were developed and confirmed(denoted as Ni-PxNy,x=1,2 and y=3,2).In CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),the CO current density on Ni-PxNy was significantly higher than that of Ni-N4 catalyst without phosphorus modification.Besides,Ni-P1N3 performed the highest CO Faradaic efficiency(FECO)of 85.0%–98.0%over a wide potential range of−0.65 to−0.95 V(vs.the reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)).Experimental and theoretical results revealed that the asymmetric Ni-P1N3 site was beneficial to CO_(2)intermediate adsorption/desorption,thereby accelerating the reaction kinetics and boosting CO_(2)RR activity.This work provides an effective method for preparing well-defined dual-coordinated SSCs to improve catalytic performance,targetting to CO_(2)RR applications.