Zircon U-Pb geochronologic,geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope characteristics of the Beidaban granites in the North Qilian Orogenic Belt:Petrogenesis and tectonic implications

The tectonic evolution and crustal accretion process of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt(NQOB)are still under debate because of a lack of integrated constraints,especially the identifi cation of the tectonic transition from arc to initial collision.Here we present results from zircon U-Pb geochronology,whole-rock geochemistry,and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry of the Beidaban granites to provide crucial information for geodynamic evolution of NQOB.Zircon U-Pb dating yields an age of 468±10 Ma for the Beidaban granites and most of the Beidaban samples contain amphibole,are potassium-rich,and have A/CNK values ranging from 0.7 to 0.9,illustrating that the Middle Ordovician Beidaban granites are K-rich,metaluminous,calc-alkaline granitoid.The geochemical characteristics indicate that the Beidaban granites are transitional I/S-type granitoids that formed in an arc setting.The isotopic compositions of initial(87 Sr/86 Sr)i values ranging from 0.70545 to 0.71082(0.70842 on average)andεNd(t)values ranging from−10.9 to−6.7(−8.8 on average)with two-stage Nd model ages(T DM2)of 1.74-2.08 Ga suggest that the Beidaban granites originated from Paleoproterozoic crustal materials.In addition,the initial Pb isotopic compositions(^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb=19.14-20.26;^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb=15.71-15.77;^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb=37.70-38.26)and geochemical features,such as high Th/Ta(17.43-30.12)and Rb/Nb(6.01-15.49)values,suggest that the Beidaban granite magma source involved recycled crustal components with igneous rocks.Based on these results in combination with previously published geochronological and geochemical data from other early Paleozoic igneous rocks,we suggest that the timing of the tectonic transition from arc to the initial collision to the fi nal closure of the North Qilian Ocean can be constrained to the Middle-Late Ordovician(ca.468–450 Ma).

BCC基Fe_(3.5)Cr_(1.5)NiAl_(0.8)多组元合金的显微组织稳定性与力学性能

研究温度对新型体心立方(BCC)基Fe_(3.5)Cr_(1.5)NiAl_(0.8)多组元合金(MCA)中有序椭圆状B2-NiAl纳米析出相的显微组织稳定性和力学性能的影响。采用XRD、EBSD、EPMA和TEM等检测方法对该多组元合金的显微组织和物相组成进行表征。结果表明,所设计的高含量椭圆状B2纳米析出相与BCC基体完全共格且能在1073 K高温下保持稳定,平均粒径为245.509~251.328 nm。铸态和热处理态(873 K≤T≤1073 K)合金具有独特的共格结构,这是由于低错配度的共格析出强化机制可使合金具有较高的屈服强度(809.2~1164.1 MPa)。随着热处理温度的进一步提高(1173 K≤T≤1273 K),B2纳米析出相的平均粒径逐渐粗化,载荷传递强化机制对其屈服强度提高起主要作用。

耦合修正分析Al−Fe−Ni合金蠕变机理

在引入阈值应力和载荷传递系数后,对Al−Fe−Ni合金的蠕变本构方程进行耦合修正,描述该合金在300和400℃下的位错蠕变。量化结果分析及显微组织表征表明,蠕变过程中位错与共晶相间复杂交互作用是阈值应力的起源。同时,共晶相与基体之间模量的差异引起共晶相分担应力作用。此外,温度对基体及共晶相模量产生的影响差异导致高温时合金阈值应力降低,而应力转移系数增大。这些现象通过有限元模型分析得到进一步的论证。总体而言,共晶合金位错蠕变的控制机理得到了更深层次的量化认识。

Tousled-like kinase 1 promotes gastric cancer progression by regulating the tumor growth factor-beta signaling pathway

BACKGROUND The role of Tousled-like kinase 1(TLK1)in in gastric cancer(GC)remains unclear.AIM To investigate the expression,biological function,and underlying mechanisms of TLK1 in GC.METHODS We measured TLK1 protein expression levels and localized TLK1 in GC cells and tissues by western blot and immunofluorescence,respectively.We transfected various GC cells with lentiviruses to create TLK1 overexpression and knockdown lines and established the functional roles of TLK1 through in vitro colony formation,5-ethynyl-2`-deoxyuridine,and Transwell assays as well as flow cytometry.We applied bioinformatics to elucidate the signaling pathways associated with TLK1.We performed in vivo validation of TLK1 functions by inducing subcutaneous xenograft tumors in nude mice.RESULTS TLK1 was significantly upregulated in GC cells and tissues compared to their normal counterparts and was localized mainly to the nucleus.TLK1 knockdown significantly decreased colony formation,proliferation,invasion,and migration but increased apoptosis in GC cells.TLK1 overexpression had the opposite effects.Bioinformatics revealed,and subsequent experiments verified,that the tumor growth factor-beta signaling pathway was implicated in TLK1-mediated GC progression.The in vivo assays confirmed that TLK1 promotes tumorigenesis in GC.CONCLUSION The findings of the present study indicated that TLK1 plays a crucial role in GC progression and is,therefore,promising as a therapeutic target against this disease.

果糖饮食致大鼠肠内菌群的变迁及双歧杆菌干预作用的研究

目的探究果糖饮食致大鼠代谢异常中拟杆菌属、乳杆菌属和梭杆菌属丰度变化及双歧杆菌干预对3种菌属和代谢的影响。方法将SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组(NC组)、果糖组(HFD组)和双歧杆菌组(B组),每组各10只。NC组,普通饲料+自来水喂养;HFD组,普通饲料+10%果糖水喂养;B组,普通饲料+10%果糖水+双歧杆菌水(1 ml/d,1×109 cfu/ml)灌胃。其他饲养条件相同,每周检测大鼠体重。于16周末空腹抽血检测谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、三酰甘油(TG)、脂多糖(LPS)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)及空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);实时聚合酶链反应(real-time PCR)检测大鼠粪便中3种菌属丰度变化;镜下观察肝组织病理学变化。结果与NC组比较,HFD组血浆LPS、ALT、AST、TG、TNF-α、空腹血糖及FINS差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),HFD组升高;粪便中拟杆菌属、乳杆菌属丰度下降,梭杆菌属丰度升高,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);双歧杆菌干预对HFD组上述指标有一定程度的改善。结论果糖饮食引起3种菌属失调参与机体代谢异常的发生,双歧杆菌通过调节其失调对机体代谢紊乱发挥改善作用。

Higher CO_2-insufflation pressure inhibits the expression of adhesion molecules and the invasion potential of colon cancer cells

AIM： To investigate the influence of CO2-insufflation pressure on adhesion, invasion and metastatic potential of colon cancer cells based on adhesion molecules expression. METHODS： With an/n vitro artificial pneumoperitoneum model, SW1116 human colon carcinoma cells were exposed to CO2-insufflation in 5 different pressure groups： 6 mmHg, 9 mmHg, 12 mmHg, 15 mmHg and control group, respectively for 1 h. Expression of E-cadherin, ICAM-I, CD44 and E-selectin was meas- ured at 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after CO2-insufflation using flow cytometry. The adhesion and invasion capacity of SW1116 cells before and after exposure to CO2-insufflation was detected by cell adhesion/invasion assay in vitro. Each group of cells was injected intraperitoneally into 16 BALB/C mice. The number of visible abdominal cavity tumor nodules, visceral metas-tases and survival of the mice were recorded in each group. RESULTS： The expression of E-cadherin, ICAM-1, CD44 and E-selectin in SWl116 cells were changed significantly following exposure to CO2 insufflation at different pressures （P 〈 0.05）. The expression of E-cadherin, CD44 and ICAM-1 decreased with increasing CO2-insufflation pressure. The adhesive/ invasive cells also decreased gradually with increasing pressure as determined by the adhesion/invasion assay. In animal experiments, the number of abdominal cavity tumor nodules in the 15 mmHg group was also significantly lower than that in the 6 mmHg group （29.7± 9.91 vs 41.7±14.90, P = 0.046）. However, the survival in each group was not statistically different. CONCLUSION： CO2-insufflation induced a temporary change in the adhesion and invasion capacity of cancer cells in vitro. Higher CO2-insufflation pressure inhibited adhesion, invasion and metastatic potential in vitro and in vivo, which was associated with reduced expression of adhesion molecules.

Effects of nano-sized TiB_(2) particles and Al_(3)Zr dispersoids on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu based materials

The effects of TiB_(2) and Zr on the microstructure,aging response and mechanical properties of hot-extruded Al-Zn-Mg-Cu based materials were investigated and compared by multi-scale microstructure characterization techniques.The results showed that proper addition of TiB_(2) particles could refine grain size during solidification,promote dynamic recrystallization during extrusion,and inhibit grain growth during solution treatment.Meanwhile,Zr addition had minor influence on the grain refinement during solidification,but could effectively suppress recrystallization and grain growth compared with the Zr-free alloy.Furthermore,the TiB_(2) addition could simultaneously enhance the aging kinetics and peak-aged hardness of the materials.Comparatively,Zr addition could also improve the peak-aged hardness with minor effect on the aging kinetics of the materials.Finally,the quench sensitivity,elastic modulus and tensile properties of the materials were compared and studied.Specifically,the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties,and the strengthening mechanisms were discussed in detail.

Enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties of high-temperature resistant Al-Cu alloy with Zr and Mn micro-alloying

The high temperature(HT)thermal stability and mechanical properties of Al-5%Cu(AC)and Al-5%Cu-0.2%Mn-0.2 Zr%(ACMZ)alloys from 573 to 673 K were systematically studied.The results displayed that micro-alloying additions of Zr and Mn elements have presented a significant role in stabilizing the main strengthening metastableθ′precipitates at a temperature as high as 573 K.Simultaneously,the HT tensile test demonstrated that ACMZ alloy retained their strength of(88.6±8.8)MPa,which was much higher than that of AC alloy((32.5±0.8)MPa)after the thermal exposure at 573 K for 200 h.Finally,the underlying mechanisms of strength and ductility enhancement mechanism of the ACMZ alloy at HT were discussed in detail.

The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in resectable cholangiocarcinoma: A meta-analysis and systematic review

Background: The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable cholangiocarcinoma remains unclear due to the lack of randomized control studies. This study aimed to investigate the possible benefit of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable cholangiocarcinoma. Data sources: Relevant research articles published before 1 st March 2018 in Pub Med, Embase and the Cochrane library databases were retrieved. Published data were extracted and analyzed by RevMan 5.3, and the results were presented as hazard ratios(HRs) [95% confidence intervals(CI)] and forest plots. Results: One prospective and eighteen retrospective studies were included, with a total number of 11,458 patients, 4696 of whom received postoperative chemotherapy. There was a significant improvement of the overall survival(OS) for patients who underwent operation + adjuvant chemotherapy compared to those who underwent operation alone(HR = 0.61; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses show that the postoperative chemotherapy group compared with operation alone group are indicated as follows: hilar cholangiocarcinoma group(HR = 0.60; P < 0.001), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma group(HR = 0.60; P < 0.001), R1 resection group(HR = 0.71; P = 0.04), LN-positive diagnosis group(HR = 0.58; P < 0.001), gemcitabine-based chemotherapy group(HR = 0.42; P < 0.001), distal cholangiocarcinoma group(HR = 0.48; P = 0.17), R0 resection group(HR = 0.69; P = 0.43), and 5-flurouracil-based chemotherapy group(HR = 0.90; P = 0.66), respectively. Conclusions: Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy can improve the OS in intrahepatic and hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients. However, distal cholangiocarcinoma patients gain no benefit from postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Prospective randomized trials are warranted in order to define the standard chemotherapy regimen.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of in-situ TiB_2/A356 composites and a prediction model of yield strength

The in-situ TiB2/A356 composites were successfully synthesized through the mixed salt reaction method. The advantage of this technique was that the particle sizes and morphology can be controlled by the melt reaction. Therefore, the technique can be designed to obtain expected properties, such as high strength at high and room temperatures, high damping capacity, high modulus and good fatigue life. Results showed that in the as-cast state of A356 alloy and TiB2/A356 composites, the eutectic Si phase is normally in the needle shape, and TiB2 particles are mostly in the cubic or near spherical shape, with the size ranging from 30 to 500 nm uniformly distributed in the grains. Also, TiB2 particle clusters are observed in composites. With an increase in TiB2 particles, the average grain size of composites decreases both in as-cast and T6 state. It is found that both the yield stength and ultimate tensile strength increase with an increase in the TiB2 volume fraction. On the contrary, the elongation reduces with the addition of TiB2 particles. Based on the experimental results and Clyne＇s report, a revised model related to particle strengthening mechanism was proposed to fairly predict yield strengths of TiBJA356 composites. The satisfactory agreement between the calculated values and experimental data reported in the literature was obtained.

Special diaphragm-like strictures of small bowel unrelated to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

AIM:To summarize clinical,endoscopic,radiologic and pathologic features of special diaphragm-like strictures found in small bowel,with no patient use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs).METHODS:From January 2000 to fecember 2009,5 cases(2 men and 3 women,with a mean age of 41.6 years) were diagnosed as having diaphragm-like strictures of small bowel on imaging,,operation and pathology.All the patients denied the use of NSAIDs.The clinical,endoscopic,radiologic and pathologic findings in these 5 patients were retrospectively reviewedfrom the hospital database.Images of capsule endoscopy(CE) and small bowel follow-through(SBFT) obtained in 3 and 3 patients,respectively,and images of double-balloon enteroscopy and computed tomography enterography(CTE) obtained in all 5 patients were available for review.RESULTS:All patients presented with long-term(2-16 years) symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding and varying degrees of anemia.There was only one stricture in ?our cases and three lesions in one case,and all the lesions were located in the middle or distal segment of ileum.Circumferential stricture was shown in the small bowel in three cases in the CE image,but the capsule was retained in the small bowel of 2 patients.Routine abdomen computed tomography scan showed no other abnormal results except gallstones in one patient.The lesions were shown as circumferential strictures accompanied by dilated small bowel loops in the small bowel on the images of CTE(in all 5 cases),SBFT(in 2 cases) and double-balloon enteroscopy(in all cases).On microscopy,a chronic inflammatory infiltrate and circumferential diaphragm were found in all lesions.CONCLUSION:fiaphragm-like strictures of small bowel might be a special consequence of unclear damaging insults to the intestine,having similar clinical,endoscopic,radiologic and pathologic features.

In vitro biological screening of the stem of Desmodium elegans

Objective:To explore the medicinal importance of the stem of Desmodium elegans,methanolic extract,and its different solvent fractions were evaluated for brine shrimp lethality,insecticidal and phytotoxicity,antifungal,and antibacterial activities.Methods:The methanolic extract and its solvent fractions were tested for cytotoxic,phytotoxic,insecticidal,antifungal,and antibacterial effects using our previous published protocols.Results:The methanolic,DCM,ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions exhibited insecticidal effect against Callosobruchus analis and Rhyzopertha dominie.The methanolic extract,n-hexane,DCM ethyl acetate and n-butanol showed 75,85,85,65 and 5%phytotoxicity at the tested concentration of 500μg/ml.respectively.The solvent fractions(DCM and ethyl acetate)were effective against F.solani(10%and 20%,inhibition respectively).All the tested samples were devoid of cytotoxic and antibacterial effects.Conclusions:It was concluded diat diis plant can be practiced for control of weeds and insects.

High-Performance Recyclable Furan-based Epoxy Resin and Its Carbon Fiber Composites with Dense Hydrogen Bonding

The emerging biomass-based epoxy vitrimers hold great potential to fulfill the requirements for sustainable development of society.Since the existence of dynamic chemical bonds in vitrimers often reduces both the thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resins, it is challenging to produce recyclable epoxy vitrimers with both excellent mechanical properties and good thermal stability. Herein, a monomer 4-(((5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)methylene)amino)phenol(FCN) containing furan ring with potential to form high density of hydrogen bonding among repeating units is designed and copolymerized with glycerol triglycidyl ether to yield epoxy resin(FCN-GTE), which intrinsically has dual hydrogen bond networks, dynamic imine structure and resultant high performance. Importantly, as compared to the BPA-GTE, the FCN-GTE exhibits significantly improved mechanical properties owing to the increased density of hydrogen bond network and physical crosslinking interaction. Furthermore, density functional theory(DFT) calculation and in situ FTIR analysis is conducted to decipher the formation mechanism of hydrogen bond network. In addition, the FCN-GTE possesses superior UV shielding, chemical degradation, and recyclability because of the existence of abundant imine bonds. Notably, the FCN-GTE-based carbon fiber composites could be completely recycled in an amine solution.This study provides a facile strategy for synthesizing recyclable biomass-based high-performance epoxy vitrimers and carbon fiber composites.

可生物降解聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯/聚碳酸丁二酯共混物的制备及其性能

以环氧大豆油(ESO)作为聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)和聚碳酸丁二酯(PBC)的增容剂,采用熔融共混法制备了一系列PBAT/PBC/ESO复合材料.通过相关表征研究了ESO含量和PBC含量对PBAT/PBC复合材料微观结构和性能的影响.结果表明,ESO中的环氧基团通过与PBAT和PBC的端基发生开环反应,可以提高PBAT与PBC的相容性,提升了复合材料的结晶性能、热稳定性和延展性.当复合材料中ESO含量由0%增加到7.0%时,ESO对复合材料还表现出优异的增塑性能,获得PBAT/PBC复合材料的断裂伸长率由353%提高到805%.另外,PBC的添加可以显著改善PBAT/PBC复合材料的阻隔性能和刚性,因此可以通过改变PBC的含量来调控复合材料的力学性能和阻隔性能.

Molecular Chain Flexibility and Dielectric Loss at High-Frequency:Impact of Ester Bond Arrangement in Poly(ester imide)s

The evolution of high-frequency communication has accentuated the significance of controlling dielectric properties in polymer media.Traditionally,it has been theorized that rigid molecular chains lead to lower dielectric loss.However,the validity of this proposition at high frequencies remains uncertain.To scrutinize the correlation between chain flexibility and dielectric properties,we synthesized six poly(ester imide)s(PEIs)with systematically varied molecular chain flexibilities by modifying the ester's substitution on the aromatic ring.The introduction of ester bonds bestowed all PEI films with a low dielectric dissipation factor(D_(f)),ranging from 0.0021 to 0.0038 at 10 GHz in dry conditions.The dry D_(f)displayed a pattern consistent with volume polarizability(P/V).Unexpectedly,PI-mmm-T,featu ring the most flexible molecular chain,exhibited the lowest dielectric loss under both dry(0.0021@10 GHz)and hygroscopic(0.0029@10 GHz)conditions.Furthermore,the observed increase in D_(f)after humidity absorption suggests that the high dielectric loss of PEI in applications may be attributed to its hygroscopic nature.Molecular simulations and characterization of the aggregation structure revealed that the smaller cavities within flexible molecular chains,after close stacking,impede the entry of water molecules.Despite sacrificing high-temperature resistance,the precursor exhibited enhanced solubility properties and could be processed into high-quality films.Our research unveils new insights into the relationship between flexibility and highfrequency dielectric loss,offering innovative perspectives on synthesizing aromatic polymers with exceptional dielectric properties.

Dielectric Constant Calculation of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)Based on Finite Field and Density Functional Theory

In this study,we proposed a novel method that integrates density functional theory(DFT)with the finite field method to accurately estimate the polarizability and dielectric constant of polymers.Our approach effectively accounts for the influence of electronic and geometric conformation changed on the dielectric constant.We validated our method using polyethylene(PE)and polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)as benchmark materials,and found that it reliably predicted their dielectric constants.Furthermore,we explored the impact of conformation variations in poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)on its dielectric constant and polarizability.The resulting dielectric constants ofα-andγ-PVDF(3.0)showed excellent agreement with crystalline PVDF in experiments.Our findings illuminate the relationship between PVDF’s structural properties and its electrical behavior,offering valuable insights for material design and applications.

Novel Quasi Solid-State Succinonitrile-based Electrolyte with Low-flammability for Lithium-ion Battery

Quasi solid-state succinonitrile(SN)-based polymer electrolytes have emerged for lithium-metal batteries due to their excellent ionconductivity at room temperature,wide electrochemical stability window(ESW,usually>5 V).However,the practical application of these solid SN-based polymer electrolytes is hampered by the flammability and the inherent instability of SN to Li-metal anode.In this work,solid SN-based polymer electrolytes were prepared with succinonitrile,ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate(ETPTA),triethyl phosphate(TEP)and fluoroethylene carbonate for Li-metal battery via in situ polymerization method.The SN-based polymer electrolytes with 5 wt%triethyl phosphate and FEC showed good nonflammability,superior ion-conductivity as high as 1.01×10^(-3)S/cm,and wide ESW of 5.41 V.This SN-based polymer electrolyte also exhibited excellent interfacial compatibility to lithium metal anode.And it also delivered a high specific capacity of 156m Ah/g at 0.2 C at ambient temperature,and presented stable cycling at 1.0 C with a specific capacity retention of 98.4%after 1000 cycles.This work provides an alternative and simple strategy to realize the practical application of the solid-state SN-based polymer electrolyte.

Effect of Ti Addition on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Al_(18)Co_(13)Cr_(10)Fe_(14)Ni_(45) Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys

A series of new(Al_(18)Co_(13)Cr_(10)Fe_(14)Ni_(45))(100−x)Tix(x=0,0.5,1)eutectic high-entropy alloys(EHEAs)were designed and prepared with the aid of empirical parameter calculations and JMatPro software predictions.The effects of Ti addition on the microstructures,phase structures,and mechanical properties of Al_(18)Co_(13)Cr_(10)Fe_(14)Ni_(45) EHEA were investigated.The results show that(Al_(18)Co_(13)Cr_(10)Fe_(14)Ni_(45))_((100−x))Ti_(x)(x=0,0.5,1)EHEAs are composed of the FCC and B2 phases.With the increase in Ti content,the strength of the EHEAs increases.The volume fraction of the FCC phase decreases,and the volume fraction of B2 phase increases;the size of nanoprecipitates within the B2 phase decreases and the number of them increases,which could be responsible for the high strength due to the addition of Ti.Among them,(Al_(18)Co_(13)Cr_(10)Fe_(14)Ni_(45))99.5Ti0.5 alloy exhibited excellent properties with yield strength,ultimate tensile strength,and ductility of 690 MPa,1065 MPa,and 9.18%,respectively.

Constructing Bi_(2)WO_(6)-decorated TiO_(2) composite films for photocathodic protection of 304 stainless steel

Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanoplate/TiO_(2) nanowire and Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanoflower/TiO_(2) nanowire composite films were successfully prepared using a hydrothermal method.The results show that the light absorption for Bi_(2)WO_(6)/TiO_(2) composite films is extended to the visible region after Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanoplates and nanoflowers are assembled onto TiO_(2) nanowires.Furthermore,Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanoflower/TiO_(2) nano wire composite film exhibits a better absorption property compared to Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanoplate/TiO_(2) nanowire film,which is mainly ascribed to the narrower bandgap of Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanoflower compared to that of Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanoplate.The photocurrent density for Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanoflower/TiO_(2) nanowire and Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanoplate/TiO_(2) nanowire composite films can reach 95 and 62.5 μA cm-2,respectively,which are much higher than that obtained for a pure TiO_(2) nanowire film(25 μA cm-2).Meanwhile,under illumination,the pure TiO_(2) nanowire,Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanoplate/TiO_(2) nanowire and Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanoflower/TiO_(2) nanowire films can reduce the potential of the coupled 304 stainless steel in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution by 299,719 and 739 mV,respectively.Thus,Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanoflower/TiO_(2) nanowire film is found to provide the best effective photocathodic protection for 304 stainless steel.This work not only provides an example of shape-dependent photocathodic protection based on Bi_(2)WO_(6) but also opens up new possibilities to design an ideal microstructure on the basis of semiconductor materials for future applications of photocathodic protection.

Solitary Wave Solutions of KP equation,Cylindrical KP Equation and Spherical KP Equation

Three(2+1)-dimensional equations–KP equation, cylindrical KP equation and spherical KP equation, have been reduced to the same Kd V equation by different transformation of variables respectively. Since the single solitary wave solution and 2-solitary wave solution of the Kd V equation have been known already, substituting the solutions of the Kd V equation into the corresponding transformation of variables respectively, the single and 2-solitary wave solutions of the three(2+1)-dimensional equations can be obtained successfully.