Manure substitution improves maize yield by promoting soil fertility and mediating the microbial community in lime concretion black soil

Synthetic nitrogen(N)fertilizer has made a great contribution to the improvement of soil fertility and productivity,but excessive application of synthetic N fertilizer may cause agroecosystem risks,such as soil acidification,groundwater contamination and biodiversity reduction.Meanwhile,organic substitution has received increasing attention for its ecologically and environmentally friendly and productivity benefits.However,the linkages between manure substitution,crop yield and the underlying microbial mechanisms remain uncertain.To bridge this gap,a three-year field experiment was conducted with five fertilization regimes:i)Control,non-fertilization;CF,conventional synthetic fertilizer application;CF_(1/2)M_(1/2),1/2 N input via synthetic fertilizer and 1/2 N input via manure;CF_(1/4)M_(3/4),1/4 N input synthetic fertilizer and 3/4 N input via manure;M,manure application.All fertilization treatments were designed to have equal N input.Our results showed that all manure substituted treatments achieved high soil fertility indexes(SFI)and productivities by increasing the soil organic carbon(SOC),total N(TN)and available phosphorus(AP)concentrations,and by altering the bacterial community diversity and composition compared with CF.SOC,AP,and the soil C:N ratio were mainly responsible for microbial community variations.The co-occurrence network revealed that SOC and AP had strong positive associations with Rhodospirillales and Burkholderiales,while TN and C:N ratio had positive and negative associations with Micromonosporaceae,respectively.These specific taxa are implicated in soil macroelement turnover.Random Forest analysis predicted that both biotic(bacterial composition and Micromonosporaceae)and abiotic(AP,SOC,SFI,and TN)factors had significant effects on crop yield.The present work strengthens our understanding of the effects of manure substitution on crop yield and provides theoretical support for optimizing fertilization strategies.

Transcriptome analysis suggests mechanisms for a novel flowering type: Cleistogamous wheat

Wheat is one of the most important staple crops worldwide.Fusarium head blight severely reduces wheat yield and quality.Cultivation of a novel type of cleistogamous wheat mutant,ZK001,which was created by static magnetic field treatment,is a new strategy for controlling Fusarium head blight.However,little is known about the mechanism of cleistogamy in wheat.The present study demonstrated that anthers of ZK001 were retained on the glumes at all flowering stages,whereas those of YM18 were extruded from the paleae and lemmae.There was a clear difference in the morphological characteristics of lodicules between YM18 and ZK001.Lodicule calcium and potassium contents were significantly higher in YM18 than in ZK001 from white to yellow anther stages.In Fusarium head blight resistance,the diseased kernel rate and deoxynivalenol content of ZK001 were markedly lower than those of YM18 and QM725.Comparative transcriptome analysis of YM18 and ZK001 was performed to identify regulatory mechanisms of cleistogamy.The main differentially expressed genes identified in the spikelets of YM18 and ZK001 at the green anther stage were associated with cell walls,carbohydrates,phytohormones,water channel,and ion binding,transport,and homeostasis.These differentially expressed genes may play an important role in regulating cellular homeostasis,osmotic pressure,and lodicule development.The results indicate that ZK001 lost the ability to push the lemmae and paleae apart during the flowering stage because of the thin lodicules.ZK001 was speculated to provide structural barriers for Fusarium head blight during the flowering stage.The thin lodicule of ZK001 results from low levels of soluble sugar,calcium ions,and potassium ions in the lodicules.These levels are regulated by differentially expressed genes.

Research progress on electrolytes for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries

Fast-charging is considered to be a key factor in the successful expansion and use of electric vehicles.Current lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)exhibit high energy density,enabling them to be used in electric vehicles(EVs)over long distances,but they take too long to charge.In addition to modifying the electrode and battery structure,the composition of the electrolyte also affects the fast-charging capability of LIBs.This review provides a comprehensive and in-depth overview of the research progress,basic mechanism,scientific challenges and design strategies of the new fast-charging solution system,focusing on the influences that the compositions of liquid and solid electrolytes have on the fast-charging performance of LIBs.Finally,new insights,promising directions and potential solutions for the electrolytes of fast-charging systems are proposed to stimulate further research on revolutionary next-generation fastcharging LIB chemistry.

Research progress of“rocking chair”type zinc-ion batteries with zinc metal-free anodes

"Rocking chair"type lithium-ion batteries with lithium metal-free anodes have been successfully com-mercialized over the past few decades.Zinc-ion batteries(zIBs)have gained increasing attention in recent years given their safety,greenness,ease of manufacture,and cost-efficiency.Nevertheless,the practical application of ZIBs is largely hindered by the dendritic growth of the Zn metal anode,low Coulombic eficiency,great harm,and existence of various side reactions.Herein,this review provides a systematic overview of emerging"rocking chair"type ZIBs with zinc metal-free anodes.Firstly,the basic fundamen-tals,advantages,and challenges of“rocking chair”type ZIBs are introduced.Subsequently,an overview of the design principles and recent progress of"rocking chair"type ZIBs with zinc metal-free anodes are presented.Finally,the key challenges and perspectives for future advancement of"rocking chair"type ZiBs with zinc metal-free anodes are proposed.This review is anticipated to attracted increased focus to metal-free anodes"rocking chair"type metal-ion battery and provide new inspirations for the develop-ment of high-energy metal-ion batteries.

VlicroRNA-495 induces breast cancer ce migration by targeting JAM-A

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are small, non-coding RNAs that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. The deregulated expression of miRNAs is associated with a variety of diseases, including breast cancer. In the present study, we found that miR-495 was markedly up-regulated in clinical breast cancer samples by quantitative real time-PCR （qRT-PCR）. Junctional adhesion molecule A （JAM-A） was predicted to be a potential target of miR-495 by bioinformatics analysis and was subsequently verified by luciferase assay and Western blotting. JAM-A was found to be negatively correlated with the migration of breast cancer cells through loss-of-function and gain-offunction assays, and the inhibition of JAM-A by miR- 495 promoted the migration of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of JAM-A could restore miR-495-induced breast cancer cell migration. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-4g5 could facilitate breast cancer progression through the repression of JAM-A, making this miRNA a potential therapeutic target.

Enhanced thermal and pyroelectric properties in 0-3 TGS:PVDF composites doped with graphene for infrared application

Pyroelectric composites of triglycine sulfate(TGS)-polyvinylidene difluoride(PVDF)doped with graphene are studied.It is found that the graphene can effectively improve the polling efficiency and thermal property of the composites so that the infrared detective performance can be significantly improved.For example,by adding about 0.83 wt.%of graphene,the infrared detective property can be improved by more than 30%.It is also found that the size of the graphene plays a critical role on the property improvement.For example,the small-sized graphene prepared by ultrasonic exfoliation(UE)method is more effective than the big-sized graphene prepared by electrochemical exfoliation(EE)method.