Comparison of Combustion Characteristics of Tars Produced with Tobacco Stem Biomass Gasification

In order to study the combustion characteristics of tar in biomass gasifier inner wall and gasification gas,“tobacco stem semi-tar inside furnace”,“tobacco stem tar inside furnace”and“tobacco stem tar out-of-furnace”were subjected to thermogravimetric experiments,and the combustion characteristics and kinetic characteristics were analyzed.The result shows that“tobacco stem semi-tar inside furnace”has the highest value and“tobacco stem tar out-of-furnace”is has the lowest value on ignition characteristics,combustion characteristics and combustible stability;“tobacco stem semi-tar inside furnace”has the lowest value and“tobacco stem tar outside furnace”has the highest value on burnout characteristics;“tobacco stem tar outside furnace”has the highest value and“tobacco stem tar inside furnace”has the lowest value on integrated combustion characteristics.

Hyperchaotic Impulsive Synchronization and Digital Secure Communication

Based on chaos shift keying approach, impulsive signals from Hyperchaotic Chen system and Hyperchaotic Lü system are alternately emitted according to the transmission of binary signals “0” and “1”. In the receiver, these two hyperchaotic systems are adopted as response systems at the same time. The digital signals are recovered via comparing the discrete signals of the two error systems. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the method.

聚乳酸/聚(羟基丁酸-羟基戊酸共聚酯)共混物的水降解性能

为了研究聚(羟基丁酸-羟基戊酸共聚酯)(PHBV)的加入对聚乳酸(PLA)降解性能的影响,采用溶液浇铸法制备了不同质量比的PLA/PHBV共混物,对其在不同pH值的PBS缓冲液中降解前后的质量损失率、吸水率、形貌、结晶和热性能变化进行了研究。结果表明,PLA/PHBV共混物的质量损失率和吸水率在碱性缓冲液中增加最快,酸性溶液中次之,中性溶液中最慢;PHBV的加入在碱性缓冲液中促进PLA的降解,在酸性和中性缓冲液中则起阻碍作用;随降解时间的延长,光滑表面变为凹凸不平并出现许多孔洞,共混物的结晶度先提高后降低,其晶型结构未发生改变;降解使共混物的熔融峰向低温偏移。

Recent Progress in Dual-Polarization Radar Research and Applications in China

Dual-polarization(dual-pol)radar can measure additional parameters that provide more microphysical information of precipitation systems than those provided by conventional Doppler radar.The dual-pol parameters have been successfully utilized to investigate precipitation microphysics and improve radar quantitative precipitation estimation(QPE).The recent progress in dual-pol radar research and applications in China is summarized in four aspects.Firstly,the characteristics of several representative dual-pol radars are reviewed.Various approaches have been developed for radar data quality control,including calibration,attenuation correction,calculation of specific differential phase shift,and identification and removal of non-meteorological echoes.Using dual-pol radar measurements,the microphysical characteristics derived from raindrop size distribution retrieval,hydrometeor classification,and QPE is better understood in China.The limited number of studies in China that have sought to use dual-pol radar data to validate the microphysical parameterization and initialization of numerical models and assimilate dual-pol data into numerical models are summarized.The challenges of applying dual-pol data in numerical models and emerging technologies that may make significant impacts on the field of radar meteorology are discussed.

Impact of the Assimilation Frequency of Radar Data with the ARPS 3DVar and Cloud Analysis System on Forecasts of a Squall Line in Southern China

Assimilation configurations have significant impacts on analysis results and subsequent forecasts. A squall line system that occurred on 23 April 2007 over southern China was used to investigate the impacts of the data assimilation frequency of radar data on analyses and forecasts. A three-dimensional variational system was used to assimilate radial velocity data,and a cloud analysis system was used for reflectivity assimilation with a 2-h assimilation window covering the initial stage of the squall line. Two operators of radar reflectivity for cloud analyses corresponding to single-and double-moment schemes were used. In this study, we examined the sensitivity of assimilation frequency using 10-, 20-, 30-, and 60-min assimilation intervals. The results showed that analysis fields were not consistent with model dynamics and microphysics in general;thus, model states, including dynamic and microphysical variables, required approximately 20 min to reach a new balance after data assimilation in all experiments. Moreover, a 20-min data assimilation interval generally produced better forecasts for both single-and double-moment schemes in terms of equitable threat and bias scores. We conclude that a higher data assimilation frequency can produce a more intense cold pool and rear inflow jets but does not necessarily lead to a better forecast.

A Prototype Regional GSI-based EnKF-Variational Hybrid Data Assimilation System for the Rapid Refresh Forecasting System：Dual-Resolution Implementation and Testing Results

A dual-resolution（DR） version of a regional ensemble Kalman filter（EnKF）-3D ensemble variational（3DEnVar） coupled hybrid data assimilation system is implemented as a prototype for the operational Rapid Refresh forecasting system. The DR 3DEnVar system combines a high-resolution（HR） deterministic background forecast with lower-resolution（LR） EnKF ensemble perturbations used for flow-dependent background error covariance to produce a HR analysis. The computational cost is substantially reduced by running the ensemble forecasts and EnKF analyses at LR. The DR 3DEnVar system is tested with 3-h cycles over a 9-day period using a 40/13-km grid spacing combination. The HR forecasts from the DR hybrid analyses are compared with forecasts launched from HR Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation（GSI） 3D variational（3DVar）analyses, and single LR hybrid analyses interpolated to the HR grid. With the DR 3DEnVar system, a 90% weight for the ensemble covariance yields the lowest forecast errors and the DR hybrid system clearly outperforms the HR GSI 3DVar.Humidity and wind forecasts are also better than those launched from interpolated LR hybrid analyses, but the temperature forecasts are slightly worse. The humidity forecasts are improved most. For precipitation forecasts, the DR 3DEnVar always outperforms HR GSI 3DVar. It also outperforms the LR 3DEnVar, except for the initial forecast period and lower thresholds.

Evaluation of Young's Modulus and Residual Stress of NiFe Film by Microbridge Testing

Microbridge testing was used to measure the Young＇s modulus and residual stress of metallic films. Samples of freestanding NiFe film microbridge were fabricated by microelectromechanical systems. Special ceramic shaft structure was designed to solve the problem of getting the load-deflection curve of NiFe film microbridge by the Nanoindenter XP system with normal Berkovich probe. Theoretical analysis of load-deflection curves of the microbridges was proposed to evaluate the Young＇s modulus and residual stress of the films simultaneously. The calculated results based on experimental measurements show that the average Young＇s modulus and residual stress for the electroplated NiFe films are 203.2 GPa and 333.0 MPa, respectively, while the Young＇s modulus measured by the Nano-hardness method is 209.6：1：11.8 GPa for the thick NiFe film with silicon substrate.

Secure and reliable computation offloading in blockchain-assisted cyber-physical IoT systems

With the development of the Cyber-Physical Internet of Things System(CPIoTS),the number of Cyber-Physical System(CPS)applications accessed in networks has increased dramatically.Latency-sensitive resource orchestration in CPS applications is extraordinarily essential for maintaining the Quality of Experience(QoE)for users.Although edge-cloud computing performs effectively in achieving latency-aware resource allocation in CPIoTS,existing methods fail to jointly consider the security and reliability requirements,thereby increasing the process latency of tasks and degrading the QoE of users.This paper aims to minimize the system latency of edge-cloud computing coupled with CPS while simultaneously considering the security and reliability requirements.We first consider a time-varying channel model as a Finite-State Markov Channel(FSMC)and propose a distributed blockchain-assisted CPIoTS to realize secure consensus and reliable resource orchestration by offloading computation tasks in edge-cloud computing.Moreover,we propose an efficient resource allocation algorithm,PPO-SRRA,that optimizes computing offloading and multi-dimension resource(e.g.,communication,computation,and consensus resource)allocation by using a policy-based Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)method.The experimental results show that the proposed resource allocation scheme can reduce the system latency and ensure consensus security.

Investigation of Electric Fields Inside &Outside a Magnetized Cold Plasma Sphere

The analytical expressions of electric fields inside and outside a magnetized cold plasma sphere are presented by reforming the spherical electromagnetic parameter based on the scales transformation of electromagnetic theory. The obtained results are in good agreement with that in literatures. The angle between the direction of inside field and that of outside field is derived. In S wave band, numerical calculations of effects induced on the inner field by parameters are established. Simulations show that the angle between incident field and the outside magnetic field influences the inner field remarkably. The inner field will decrease as the electron density increasing, however, this density has a great affect on the inner field’s direction. The magnitude of the inner field is proportional to the incident wave’s frequency.

Anisotropic Scattering for a Magnetized Cold Plasma Sphere

The transformation of parameter tensors for anisotropic medium in different coordinate systems is derived. The electric field for a magnetized cold plasma sphere and the general expression of scattering field from anisotropic target are obtained. The functional relations of differential scattering cross section and the RCS for the magnetized plasma sphere are presented. Simulation results are in agree with that in the literatures, which shows the method used and results obtained are correct and the results provide a theoretical base for anisotropic target identification etc.

Feedback Chaotic Synchronization with Disturbances

Based on Lyapunov stability theorem, a method is proposed for feedback synchronization with parameters perturbation and external disturbances. It is proved theoretically that if the perturbation and disturbances are bounded, the synchronization error can be ensured to approach to and stay within the pre-specified bound which can be arbitrarily small. Some typical chaotic systems with different types of nonlinearity, such as Lorenz system and the original Chua’s circuit, are used for detailed description. The simulation results show the feasibility of the method.

Impulsive Synchronization of Hyperchaotic LüSystems with Two Methods

In the paper, impulsive synchronization of two hyperchaotic Lü systems with different initial conditions is studied. The sufficient conditions on feedback strength and impulsive distances are established from two different angles to guarantee the synchronization. The relevant theoretical proofs are presented. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the methods.

Chaotic Control of LüSystem via Three Methods

In the paper, several different methods are adopted to control Lü system. With direct feedback method, Lü system can be stabilized at one equilibrium point or a limit cycle surrounding its equilibrium. With adaptive time-delayed feedback method, feedback coefficient and delay time can be adjusted adaptively to stabilize Lü system at its original unstable periodic orbit. With minimal energy method, Lü system can also be stabilized at fixed point or limit cycle. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of our methods.

强核报国 创新奉献 做西迁精神新传人--记西安交通大学核科学与技术学院田文喜教授

【人物档案】田文喜,1979年生,工学博士,西安交通大学教授、博士生导师。现任核科学与技术学院院长、陕西省先进核能技术重点实验室主任、国防科技创新团队带头人。2006年获西安交通大学工学博士学位后留校工作至今,2007年10月至2009年3月赴日本东京大学从事博士后研究,2014年晋升为教授。

Controlling Liu Chaotic System with Feedback Method and Its Circuit Realization

In the paper, the Liu system with a feedback controller is discussed. The influence of the feedback coefficient of the controlled system is studied through Lyapunov exponents spectrum and bifurcation diagram. Various attractors are demonstrated not only by numerical simulations but also by circuit experiments. Only one feedback channel is used in our study, which is useful in communication. The circuit experiments show that our study has significance in practical applications.

池沸腾加热器换热优化设计——基于Boltzmann方法研究并选取加热器最优参数

本文采用了相变格子Boltzmann模型研究加热器高度、长度、表面润湿性和表面结构对池沸腾换热性能的影响。我们发现加热器高度较低时汽液相变速度更大,因此加热器高度越低热流密度越大。另一方面,加热器长度越短,换热性能越好;其次,在低过热度下全疏水加热器换热性能最好,而在高过热度下全亲水换热器性能则更好;最后,我们还研究了加热器表面微结构的影响,发现锥形表面加热器的换热性能要优于光滑表面加热器。

输电塔风致响应数值模拟研究进展

输电塔是输电线路中重要的承重设施,其结构安全性直接关系到国家电网和输电线路的正常运行。目前针对输电塔风致响应主要通过现场实测、风洞试验和数值模拟等方法进行研究。随着计算机技术和数值方法的发展,对输电塔风致响应特征进行数值模拟分析开始被广泛应用并取得了大量研究成果。相关的数值模拟研究先通过建立对应的风荷载模型和结构模型,然后以有限元方法分析结构动力响应特征和研究对应的风振控制方法,因此从风荷载模型、结构模型、动力响应特征和风振控制研究等方面总结输电塔风致响应数值模拟研究进展。近地面风场的平均风和脉动风模型是构建结构风荷载的基础。针对平均风主要采用指数型和对数型风速剖面模型,而脉动风则主要根据相关的脉动风谱进行模拟。在不同极端气象条件下,风场表现出不同于良态风的风场特征,对应的平均风和脉动风模型需要进一步根据实际情况研究。构建输电塔风荷载还需要结合相关的结构参数,其中塔体结构整体挡风效应以及塔体构件之间的遮挡效应可通过流场模拟进行分析研究。对输电塔塔体结构建立有限元模型时,通常可将之视为刚架结构和桁梁混合结构,而利用桁架结构进行模拟的误差较大。输电塔所承受的荷载除了风荷载等外部环境荷载外,还应考虑输电线对塔体结构作用带来的影响,因此需建立塔线耦合体系对实际输电线路中塔体结构特征进行模拟。在构建塔线体系有限元模型过程中,可结合悬链线理论和导线水平张力对导线进行建模和找形。基于风荷载模型和结构模型可进行塔体风致响应分析,结构动力特征会对风致响应产生重要的影响,其中导线对塔体的作用使得整体体系的结构动力特征更加复杂。对于不同来流风向条件下输电塔的风荷载,我国相关规范有对应的计算系数和分配系数,而在塔线耦合体系中,风向对塔体结构风致响应的影响更显著。根据是否需要外界能量输入,结构风振控制分为主动控制、被动控制和混合控制。迄今为止,被动控制特别是调谐质量阻尼器仍然是对输电塔风振控制的主要方法,其中阻尼器的自振频率应与塔体自振频率保持一致,风振控制效果才能达到最佳,但是塔线耦合作用使得风振控制的优化更为复杂。此外,还对未来可能的研究方向进行了展望,进一步研究特殊天气风场特征、开发更可靠的有限元建模方法、深入研究塔体扭转向及沿线向响应特征、优化TMD设计参数和布置方案等都应是未来重要的研究方向。

Wind estimation around the shipwreck of Oriental Star based on field damage surveys and radar observations

Based on observational analyses and on-site ground and aerial damage surveys, this work aims to reveal the weather phenomena--especially the wind situation--when Oriental Star capsized in the Yangtze River on June 1, 2015. Results demonstrate that the cruise ship capsized when it encountered strong winds at speeds of at least 31 m s ^-1 near the apex of a bow echo embedded in a squall line. As suggested by the fallen trees within a 2-kin radius around the wreck location, such strong winds were likely caused by microburst straight-line wind and/or embedded small vortices, rather than tomadoes.

纤维素降解菌烟曲霉HZ1的基因组测序及生物信息学分析

【目的】烟曲霉Aspergillus fumigatus作为一类具有纤维素降解能力的真菌,对其基因组的研究,将有利于从A.fumigatus中挖掘和开发利用与纤维素降解相关的酶资源。【方法】利用CMC选择培养基和刚果红染色法从长足大竹象肠道中分离和筛选出纤维素降解菌A.fumigatus HZ1,同时采用Illumina PE150平台进行基因组测序,随后进行了相关的生物信息学分析,此外还利用了DNS法测定了其纤维素酶活。【结果】纤维素降解菌A.fumigatus HZ1基因组大小为27.45 Mb,GC含量为49.43%;通过NR、KOG、GO、Swissprot、eggNOG、KEGG和Pfam数据库注释结果表明基因组包含9473个基因;同时碳水化合物活性酶(CAZyme)注释结果表明基因组含有534个CAZyme基因,并与其他4种A.fumigatus基因组CAZyme分布无显著差异;本研究还鉴定出多种与木质纤维素降解相关的纤维素酶基因、半纤维素酶基因和木质素酶基因;此外纤维素酶活结果表明,在CMC培养基中其酶活呈上升趋势且具有较高活性。【结论】本研究首次对A.fumigatus HZ1基因组进行了测序和分析,探讨了其纤维素降解的遗传基础,并通过酶活验证了其纤维素降解潜力,为该菌的实际应用提供了理论基础。

A numerical study of segmented cooling-stream injection in supersonic film cooling

The present study proposes a segmented cooling-stream injection structure based on a certain coolant mass flow rate,and numerically investigates the effect of segmented cooling-stream injection on supersonic film cooling.The results indicate that without shock-wave impingement and with helium as the coolant,segmented cooling-stream injection can reduce the mixing between the mainstream and the cooling stream to produce better cooling performance than single injection,especially at larger coolant Mach numbers.However,with nitrogen as the coolant,the cooling effect of the segmented-injection system is very close to that of the single-injection system.Mixing at the impinging region is enhanced significantly when there is an incident shock wave.When the shock wave impinges between the two coolant inlets,segmented cooling-stream injection improves film cooling effectiveness in the midstream and downstream regions more than single injection because only part of the cooling stream undergoes the enhanced mixing effect of the shock wave.The advantage of segmented injection is reduced when the impinging region is behind the second coolant inlet.The further downstream the impinging region,the smaller the associated advantage.