Avoiding Sabatier's limitation through pulsed electrocatalysis for enhanced nitrogen oxidation performance

1.Introduction The activation and conversion of the Earth’s abundant inert nitrogen resources into high-value-added products epitomize one of nature’s most critical processes[1-3].Nitric acid(HNO_(3)),as a pivotal industrial raw material,showcases an extensive range of applications and possesses substantial economic value in the production of indispensable chemical compounds[4-6].

Determination of metastable zone and induction time of analgin for cooling crystallization

The solubility, metastable zone width, and induction time of analgin for unseeded batch cooling crystallization in ethanol–aqueous system were experimentally determined. The solubility data could be well described by the van't Hoff equation model. The metastable zone width at various cooling rates was measured, and some parameters of nucleation kinetic were calculated using the Ny'vlt theory. Furthermore, the induction period of various temperatures and supersaturation ratios was also measured. According to classical nucleation theory, some nucleation parameters and interfacial energy was calculated through the induction time(t_(ind)) data. Homogeneous nucleation tended to occur when the supersaturation is high, whereas heterogeneous nucleation was more likely to occur when the supersaturation is low.

Breaking the linear correlations for enhanced electrochemical nitrogen reduction by carbon-encapsulated mixed-valence Fe_(7)(PO_(4))_(6)

Electrochemical nitrogen reduction(NRR)is deemed as a consummate answer for the traditional Haber–Bosch technology.Breaking the linear correlations between adsorption and transition-state energies of intermediates is vital to improve the kinetics of ammonia synthesis and obtain a less energy-intensive process.Herein,carbon-encapsulated mixed-valence Fe_(7)(PO_(4))_(6) was prepared and applied as an electrocatalyst for high-efficiency NRR.A dramatic faradaic efficiency(FE)of 36.93%and an NH_(3) production rate of 13.1μg h^(-1) mg_(cat)^(-1) were obtained at-0.3 V versus RHE,superior to nearly all Fe-based catalysts.Experiments and DFT calculations revealed that the superior performance was ascribed to the synergistic effect of mixed-valence iron pair,which braked the linear correlations to improve the kinetics of ammonia from collaborative hydrogenation and*NH_(3) separation.This work proves the feasibility of mixedvalence catalysts for nitrogen reduction and thus opening a new avenue towards artificial nitrogenfixation catalysts.

Gelation Phenomenon During Crystallization of Cefpiramide Sodium

Unlike the adverse eff ect caused by the gelation during crystallization process, gelation of cefpiramide sodium was found to provide ideal product properties, such as a larger and more regular crystal shape. The causes of the gelation phenomenon and the mechanism of gel-crystal transition during the crystallization of cefpiramide sodium were both investigated in this work. The gel was formed due to the strapping of the solvents by the networks of cefpiramide sodium molecules. The whole gel-crystal transition process was divided into the following three stages:(1) when the temperature decreased, the system reached a metastable-state gelation;(2) the initial microcrystal in the gel grew slowly because of the low supersaturation;and (3) the gel fi nally disappeared, and a larger and more regular crystal was formed. The Hansen solubility parameters were used to analyze the eff ects of the solvents on this gelation;the analysis results can serve as guidance for solvent screening in the actual production process.

Thermodynamic properties of metamizol monohydrate in pure and binary solvents at temperatures from(283.15 to 313.15) K

The thermodynamic properties of metamizol monohydrate in pure solvents(methanol,ethanol,n-propanol and isopropanol) and two binary mixed solvent systems including(methanol+ethanol) and(methanol+isopropanol) were measured from 283.15 K to 313.15 K by gravimetric method under atmospheric pressure thought as 0.1 MPa.The modi fied Apelblat equation,the CNIBS/R-K equation,the Hybrid model and the NRTL model were used to correlate the solubility of metamizol monohydrate,respectively.The results show that the solubility of metamizol monohydrate in all the tested solvents increases with the rising temperature which means that it has temperature dependence.What's more,the effects of solvent components of the binary solvent mixtures on solubility were discussed,it illustrates that the increasing of the molar fraction of methanol gives the system a greater dissolving power.Furthermore,according to the NRTL model,the enthalpy,the Gibbs energy and the entropy of the mixing process were also obtained and discussed.

Research on the Feeding Habits and Food Range of Periplaneta fuligiosa

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the feeding habits and food range of Periplanetafuligiosa. [ Method] Common insects, foods, daily necessities, plants and fruits were used to feed P. fuligiosa ; one food or item was put into the culture bottle each time in a small amount, to observe the feeding habits of P. fuligiosa. Foods or items uneaten after three days were excluded from its food range. Subsequently, P. fuligiosa was fed with random combinations of two or more foods according to the food range, to observe and record the feeding order. [Result] P. fuligiosa has a relatively wide food range, which dislikes dead bodies of hard-shelled insects such as Cyrtotrachelus longimanus and Popillia quadriguttata. P. fuligiosa is an omnivorous insect but tends to be carnivorous. [ Conclusion] This study provided the basis for the cultivation, prevention and control of P. fuligiosa.

The Distribution of Tribe Blaptini( Coleoptera,Tenebrionidae) in China

In this paper,the distribution status of genera and species of the tribe Balptini discovered in China was summarized.According to related data,19 genera and 169 species of the tribe Balptini are distributed in various provinces and regions of China.Different genera and species of the tribe Balptini are distributed in different regions.This study laid the theoretical foundation for further investigation of the evolutionary process of tribe Blaptini in China.

A new species of ice crawlers from Burmese amber(Insecta:Grylloblattodea)

Modem grylloblattids are one of the least diverse insect orders. The single extant family is contrasted with 46 families described from the fossil records, which extend to the Late Carboniferous. The most ancient grylloblattid nymphs are known from the Lower Permian. Till now, there is no report on grylloblattid from Burmese amber, which is a very old amber locality. Herein, we describe Sylvalitoralis cheni Zhang, Bai ＆ Yang, sp. nov. from Grylloblattina based on a nymph specimen from the mid-Cretaceous Myanmar （Burmese） amber.

A catalogue of Burmite inclusions

Burmite（Burmese amber） from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar is a remarkable valuable and obviously the most important amber for studying terrestrial diversity in the mid-Cretaceous. The diversity of Burmite inclusions is very high and many new taxa were found, including new order, new family/subfamily, and new genus. Till the end of 2016, 14 phyla, 21 classes, 65 orders, 279 families, 515 genera and 643 species of organisms are recorded, which are summized and complied in this catalogue. Among them, 587 species are arthropods. In addtion, the specimens which can not be identified into species are also listed in the paper. The information on type specimens, other materials, host and deposition of types are provided.